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Mark schemes
A
1
[1]

(a) An increase in current / voltage leads to an increase in temperature

2
(more heat generated) ✔
Ignore 'of particles' in first mark
Do not condone ‘particles’ in second mark

This causes an increase in the movement of the lattice/ions/atoms ✔

And therefore an increase in the rate of collisions with electrons ✔

Allow more frequent collisions

So the resistance increases as shown by V / I changing/V not

proportional to I (on the graph) ✔
Allow correct reference to gradient of I / V curve unless the answer
suggests that this is the resistance or inverse of resistance.
Max 4

(b) 14.3 (Ω)

Allow range 14 to 15
but calculated answer must lie between 14 and 15
1

(c) Determination of pd across either filament or resistor from graph ✔

Pd across resistor can be calculated from resistance value in (b)
Eg V = 0.18 × 14.3 = 2.6

Determination of pd across the other component, and values added ✔

Use of V = IR to give 3.4 (V)

Allow ecf if either value is wrong allow 2 max

Or

Clear attempt to determine total resistance and multiply by 0.18 ✔

Condone small rounding error

(Resistance of lamp at 0.18A = 4.4 Ω)

Total resistance = 18.7 Ω ecf from 2,2 ✔

3.4 V (ecf from 2.2) ✔

Allow for small rounding errors (eg allow range 3.3 to 3.5)
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 (d) Determination of current through either filament or resistor from graph ✔
Allow calculation of resistor current using 4/(answer to 2.2)

Determination of current through the other component, and values added✔

(Current through resistor = 0.28 A

Current through filament = 0.36 A)

R = V/I = 4/ (0.28 + 0.36) = 6.25 (Ω)

If either value wrong allow 2 max
Condone small rounding errors.

Or

Calculation of filament resistance or statement of resistor resistance ✔

Resistance of filament = 11.1 (Ω)

Calculation of other resistance and use of parallel formula (allow ecf

from part b) ✔
Either resistance gets the first mark

6.2 -6.3 (Ω) ✔

3

(e) Calculation of area, ignoring power of ten errors.

A = 8.0 × 10-10 m2

Correct resistivity 3.1 × 10-8 ✔

Allow ecf for A (for example use of d for r gives 3.2 × 10-11 for A and
1.2 × 10-7 for answer)

Ωm✔
Some working must be shown for award of unit mark.
3
[14]

D
3
[1]

B
4
[1]

D
5
[1]

A
6
[1]

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7
(a)
✓✓

first mark for linear at origin and decreasing gradient in either

quadrant (linear region can be very small)
second mark for symmetry plus no dip at end or extended
horizontal section at end
straight line scores zero
2

(b) (i) resistance (of filament lamp) increases✓

1

(ii) filament lamp is a non-ohmic conductor as current is not (directly) proportional

to voltage / resistance is not constant✓
proportionality can be shown using graph
1

(c) either
circuit / total resistance increases✓
(hence) current decreases and pd / voltage across R decreases✓
OR
resistance of PQ combination increases✓
(hence) greater share of pd / voltage across lamp P✓
implication that current is different in different parts of series circuits
scores 0
implication that new total current is greater scores zero
voltage flowing loses second mark
2

(d) (i) (use of energy = VIt)

(energy converted by X = 60 × 120 × 3600 =) 2.59 × 107 J ✓
(energy converted by Y = 11 × 120 × 3600 =) 4.75 × 106 J ✓
Accept answers to 1 sig. fig.
2

(ii) in lamps energy is wasted as heat / thermal energy✓

specific lamp considered e.g. in lamp, X / filament lamp more energy is wasted
OR in X / filament lamp less energy is converted to light / luminosity✓
2
[10]

(a) (i) (use of V=Ir)

8 V= 4.2 × 1.5 = 6.3 (V)
1

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 (ii) pd = 12 − 6.3 = 5.7 V
NO CE from (i)
1

(iii) (use of I = V / R)
I = 5.7 / 2.0 = 2.8(5) A
CE from (ii)
(a(ii)/2.0)
accept 2.8 or 2.9
1

(iv) I = 4.2 – 2.85 = 1.3(5) A

CE from (iii)
(4.2 −(a)(iii))
accept 1.3 or 1.4
1

(v) R= 5.7 / 1.35 =4.2 Ω

CE from (iv)
(a(ii) / (a)(iv))
Accept range 4.4 to 4.1
1

(vi)

CE from (a)(v)
Rparallel = 1.35 Ω
second mark for adding internal resistance

Rtotal = 1.35 + 1.5 = 2.85 Ω

OR
R = 12/4.2
R= 2.85 Ω
2

(b) (i)

resistor Rate of energy dissipation (W)

1.5 Ω internal resistance 4.2 2 × 1.5 = 26.5

2.0 Ω 2.85 2 × 2.0 = 16.2 (15.68 − 16.82)

R 1.352 × 4.2 = 7.7 (7.1 − 8.2)

CE from answers in (a) but not for first value
2.0: a(iii)2×2
R: a(iv)2×a(v)
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 (ii) energy provided by cell per second = 12 × 4.2 = 50.4 (W)
energy dissipated in resistors per second = 26.5 + 16.2 + 7.7 = 50.4
(hence energy input per second equals energy output)
if not equal can score second mark if an appropriate comment
2
[12]

(a) potential divider formula used or current found to be 0.25 A

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C1

A1
allow 1 s.f.

2.0 V
1.0 V (with working) gains 1 mark
2

(b) main current =1.2 V / 4 Ω = 0.3 (A)

C1

Rtotal = 1.8 V / 0.3 A = 6 Ω or I8 = 0.225 (A)

C1

RV = 24 Ω

A1
3
[5]

(a) (i) (use of R = V/l)

10
R = 10/2.0 = 5.0 Ω
1

(ii)

R = 2 (Ω)

Rtotal = 2 + 3 (= 5 Ω)
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 (b) (i) voltage across Y = 10.0 – 2.0 × 3.0 = 4.0 V

current in Y = 4.0/3.0 = 1.3 A

2

(ii) current through W = 0.67 A

voltage = 0.67 × 3 = 2.0 V

(or 4.0/2 = 2.0 V )

2
[8]

(a) l = RA/ρ or correct calculation of area 5.8 × 10–7

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C1

correct sub condoning powers of ten eg

5.6π × 4.32/4.9 × 10–7

C1

6.64 (m)

A1
3

(b) (i) 1.5/0.247

C1

6.0 or 6.07 (Ω)

A1
2

(ii) 0.47 (Ω) cao allow 0.5

B1
1
[6]

correct substitution of data in resistivity formula

12
C1

1.1(1) × 10–6 (1)

A1

Ωm (1)

B1
[3]

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 (a) (for lamp and resistor) 18(Ω) + 12(Ω) = 30(Ω) (1)
13
(in parallel) + = (1) (gives R = 10(Ω))

(allow C.E.for wrong value in first step)

total resistance = + 10 (1)

(= 20 Ω)
3

(b) (i) (use of V = IR gives) I = = 1.5 A (1)

(ii) pdAB = 30 – (10 × 1.5) (1)

= 15V (1)
[or alternative method]
(allow C.E. for value of I from (i))

(iii) Ilamp = = 0.5 A (1)

[or alternative method] (allow C.E. for value of pdAB from (ii))
4

(c) (i) (lamp power) (= I2R) = 0.52 × 12 = 3.0 (W) (1)

(allow C.E. for value of Ilamp from (b) (iii))

(ii) power from battery = 30 × 1.5 = 45 (W) (1)

(allow C.E. for value of I from (b) (i))

(1)

(allow C.E. for power in lamp and/or battery in (i))

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[10]

14 (a) (1)

∆Q = 0.25 × 6 × 60 = 90 C (1)
2

(b) (i) (1) [or E = VIt]

(1)

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 (ii) (use of gives) (1)

[or P = IV gives P = 0.25 × 5 = 1.2(5) W]

(allow C.E. in alternative method for value of V from (i))
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[5]

(i) (V = IR gives) 12 = (30 + 30 + 2)I (1)

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I= = 0.19 A (1) (0.194 A)

(ii) VPQ = 12 – (0.19 × 2) (1)

= 11.6 V (1)

(allow C.E. for incorrect I in (i))

[or VPQ = 0.19 × 60 = 11.6 V] (I = 0.194 A gives 11.6 V)

[or VPQ = 12 × = 11.6 V

(iii) (PA = I2R gives) PA = (0.19)2 × 30 = 1.08 (1) W (1)

[or PA = ]

(allow C.E. for incorrect I in (i) or incorrect V in (ii))

(iv) (E = PAt gives) E = 1.08 × 20 (1)

= 21.6 J (1)

(allow C.E. for incorrect PA in (iii))

[8]

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