Renal failure is the most common cause of hyperphosphataemia because impaired kidney function reduces phosphate excretion. Treatment involves limiting phosphate intake, enhancing urinary phosphate excretion through saline infusion or diuretics, and using oral phosphate binders like calcium and aluminum salts. Hyperphosphataemia can also be caused by increased renal resorption due to conditions like hypoparathyroidism, cellular injury releasing phosphate from tumour lysis syndrome or rhabdomyolysis, and certain medications that contain or administer high levels of phosphate.
Renal failure is the most common cause of hyperphosphataemia because impaired kidney function reduces phosphate excretion. Treatment involves limiting phosphate intake, enhancing urinary phosphate excretion through saline infusion or diuretics, and using oral phosphate binders like calcium and aluminum salts. Hyperphosphataemia can also be caused by increased renal resorption due to conditions like hypoparathyroidism, cellular injury releasing phosphate from tumour lysis syndrome or rhabdomyolysis, and certain medications that contain or administer high levels of phosphate.
Renal failure is the most common cause of hyperphosphataemia because impaired kidney function reduces phosphate excretion. Treatment involves limiting phosphate intake, enhancing urinary phosphate excretion through saline infusion or diuretics, and using oral phosphate binders like calcium and aluminum salts. Hyperphosphataemia can also be caused by increased renal resorption due to conditions like hypoparathyroidism, cellular injury releasing phosphate from tumour lysis syndrome or rhabdomyolysis, and certain medications that contain or administer high levels of phosphate.
Renal failure is the most common cause of hyperphosphataemia because impaired kidney function reduces phosphate excretion. Treatment involves limiting phosphate intake, enhancing urinary phosphate excretion through saline infusion or diuretics, and using oral phosphate binders like calcium and aluminum salts. Hyperphosphataemia can also be caused by increased renal resorption due to conditions like hypoparathyroidism, cellular injury releasing phosphate from tumour lysis syndrome or rhabdomyolysis, and certain medications that contain or administer high levels of phosphate.
- causes hyperphosphataemia because the renal excretion by the kidneys is impaired (i) limit phosphate intake - serum phosphate is usually normal until the creatinine clearance (ii) enhance urinary phosphate excretion is less than 30ml/min - in the absence of end stage renal disease, phosphate excretion (ii) increased renal resorption can be optimised with saline infusion and diuretics - hypoparathyroidism - diuretics that work on the proximal tubule such as acetazolamide causes - thyrotoxicosis are particularly effective for enhancing phosphate excretion (iii) cellular injury with release of phosphate - any patient with life threatening hyperphosphataemia should receive dialysis - tumour lysis syndrome (iii) oral phosphate binders hyperphosphataemia - rhabdomyolysis - calcium and aluminium salts are widely used; however calcium salts may produce treatment - haemolysis metastatic calcification and aluminium salts are toxic. [created by Paul (iv) medication related - in dialysis patients, chronic management with calcium free phosphate binders such Young 17/12/07] - abuse of phosphate containing laxatives as sevelamer hydrochloride may reduce long-term mortality by preventing long-term - excessive phosphate administration cardiovascular complications associated with a high calcium phosphorus product - bisphosphonate therapy NB: in the acute management of patients with hyperphosphataemia accompanied by hypocalcaemia, the likelihood and clinical significance of metastatic calcification - most manifestations are due to associated hypocalcaemia which is produced by with acute calcium administration is unclear (i) precipitation with calcium (leading to nepholithiasis) (ii) interference with parathyroid hormone-mediated resorption of bone manifestations (iii) decreased vitamin D levels - manifestations of hypocalcaemia include muscle cramping, tetany, hyperreflexia and seizures as well as cardiovascular manifestations