VARIABEL DAN INDIKATOR

PENELITIAN VARIABEL INDIKATOR ITEM

How entrepreneurial learning ENTRPRENEUR LEARNING 1. why do The entrepreneurship course increases
impacts one’s intention towards entrepreneurs act my understanding of the attitudes of
entrepreneurship A planned entrepreneurs (i.e. how they view
behavior approach Feng Zhang entrepreneurship and why they act

2. what needs to be The entrepreneurship course increases

done my understanding of generating
innovative ideas

3. How do I start the The entrepreneurship course enhances

venture my skills to develop a business plan

4. who do I need to The entrepreneurship course enhances

know my ability to develop networks (e.g.
obtaining useful advice/information
from professors, guest speakers or
classmates)

5. when do I need to The entrepreneurship course enhances

act my ability to identify a business
opportunity

Which factors affect entrepreneurial
intention of university students?
Duygu Turker
The entrepreneurial 1. Perceived 1. The education in university
support model (ESM) Educational Support encourages me to develop creative
(ENTREPRENUR LEARNING) (PES) ideas for being an entrepreneur
2. My university provides the
necessary knowledge about
3. Entrepreneurship
4. My university develops my
entrepreneurial skills and
 5. abilities
2. Perceived Relational 1. If I decided to be an entrepreneur,
Support (PRS) my family members
2. support me
3. If I decided to be an entrepreneur,
my friends support me

3. Perceived Structural 1. In Turkey, entrepreneurs are

Support (PSS) encouraged by a structural
2. system including private, public,
and non-governmental
organizations
3. Turkish economy provides many
opportunities for Entrepreneurs
4. Taking loans from banks is quite
difficult for entrepreneurs in
Turkey
5. State laws (rules and regulations)
are adverse to running a business
Examining Entrepreneurial Intention TPB (Theory of Planned Attitude toward the 1. Being an entrepreneur implies
of the Saudi Arabia’s University Behavior ) behavior (AT) more advantages than
Students: Analyzing Alternative disadvantages to me
Integrated Research Model of TPB 2. A career as entrepreneur is
and EEM Sanawi M. Sharahiley attractive for me
3. If I had the opportunity and
resources, I would like to start a
firm
4. Being an entrepreneur would
entail greater satisfaction for
me
5. Among various options, I would
rather be an entrepreneur

Subjective norm 1. My closest family members

(SN) think that I should pursue a
career as an entrepreneur
2. My closest friends think that I
should pursue a career as an
entrepreneur
3. My colleagues or classmates
think that I should pursue a
career as an entrepreneur

Perceived behavior
control (PBC) 1. To start a firm and keep it
working would be easy for me
2. I am prepared to start a viable
firm
3. I can control the creation
process of a new firm
4. I know the necessary practical
 details to start a firm
5. I know how to develop an
entrepreneurial project
6. If I tried to start a firm, I would
have a high probability of
succeeding

Examining Entrepreneurial Intention MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA 1. I am ready to do anything to be

of the Saudi Arabia’s University an entrepreneur
Students: Analyzing Alternative 2. My professional goal is to
Integrated Research Model of TPB become an entrepreneur
and EEM Sanawi M. Sharahiley 3. I will make every effort to start
and run my own firm
4. I am determined to create a
firm in the future
5. I have very seriously thought of
starting a firm
6. I have the firm intention to
start a firm some day