6 2 Cherndectalyst + | GS Which suostaned is most Toxic- A\cohol aspicin or Ovsenic? Gs tow 18 tricity determmed? to Notes: eWhatis meant toy ‘Lethal dase” Ef * How do Convevt Poends ap ky? + Concentration of a Substance “Haat leils SD/ of the animals tested + represented loy the sumbol= LDsv “ depends on lbody wei te + ecpressed as +e unit = ma] eg ~ ma bf substane) eq (of body weigit) + [hl &eg= 22 tos [= Conversion factor/ratio + USE dimensional analysis loridyes . —ex: How May 4 are in “ISD Wes? [SO tos | “| = G8 eg 2-2 \os ts = 330 lbs i - ~ ex: tow mane (bs are in (sD eq? i‘aS Lesson I~ Lethal Dose Investigation I - Dissolving Toxins re Purpose: In this activity you will compare the toxicity of various substances. Lethal Dose Name: Date:__Period Part I: Determining lethal dose Lethal dose (or L1Dsq) refers to the amount of substance that kills 50 percent of a test sample. LDsg is expressed in mg/kg, or milligrams of substance per kilogram of body weight. Assume LDso is the same for rats and humans. To use LDso, you will need to convert measurements of body weight from pounds to kilograms. Noting that 1 kg = 2.2 Ibs, do the following two calculations: 1. How many kg does a 132-Ib human weigh? Gd ¥y 2. How many kg does 2 22-t6 child weigh? 10 oy The LDso for acetaminophen is 2404 mg/kg (rat, oral). 3, How many mg of acetaminophen would be lethal to a 132-Ib adult? 144,240 mg 4, How many 500 mg tablets of acetaminophen would be lethal for an adult? Zob 5, How many mg of acetaminophen would be lethal to a 22-Ib child? ZU, OO mg 6. How many 500 mg tablets of acetaminophen would be lethal for a child? 4% ‘The LDso for aspirin is 200 mg/kg (rat, oral) 7. How many mg of aspirin would be lethal to a 132-Ib adult? 12,000 mo 8. How many 500 mg tablets of aspirin would that be for an adult? 24 ‘Toxins © UC Regents, LHS Living by Chemistry, 2004, 13 7) * rs a ® 3 = PS 5 eS a 7 > C) ® =Investigation 1 Dissoving Toxins Lesson I~ Lethal Dose 9, How many mg of aspirin would be lethal to a 22-Ib child? Z 1,600 my 10. How many 500 mg tablets of aspirin would that be for a child? nt Acetaminophen versus aspirin 11, Which is more toxic, acetaminophen or aspirin? How great is the difference in their toxicities? Explain, i> JOCx more Texrc han Acetone nophs CTykenal) Ace if Part Il: Comparing lethal doses Examine the table of lethal doses for various substances. 1, What substance in the table is the most toxic when ingested? Explain CO YSEMIC 2, Rank the substances as best you can based on their lethal doses for ingestion by putting a number next to each one, 1” being the most toxic. GYSenic > Sua 3. Are any substances in the table good for you? Explain, Yes 4. Are there any substances in the world that are not toxic? Why or why not? No Making sense: How is dosage related to toxicity? Ifyou finish early... Explain how you would calculate the lethal dosage for vitamin A. Assume each tablet ‘contains 3 mg of retinal, 14 Toxins © UC Regems, LHS Living by Chemistry, 2004,Investigation | ~ Dissolving Toxins Lethal Dose Table Lesson 1 = Lethal Dose Lethal dose (LDso) is the amount of an ingested substance that kills 50 percent of a test sample. It is expressed in mg/kg, or milligrams of substance per kilogram of body weight. Toxin Lethal doses_| Description Toxic response aspirin | aceiy-salieyio acid | LDgo 200 mg/kg | odorless white gastric distress, confusion, CsHtg0s (eat, orl) enystal psychosis, stupor, ringing in exs, drowsiness, hyperventilation | iablesaie [sodium chloride | LDso 3 g/kg (rat, ‘white cubic ye iritant, / NaCl oral) 12387 mg/kg enjstal elevated blood pressure (human, ora) beach chlorine LD59850 mg/kg, | greenish colored | corrosive to eyes, skin, respiratory (fumes) Ch (rat inhaled) | gas, amber liguid, | act, nausea, vomiting, pulmonary Pungent odor edema ‘liom Teliom not established | odorless colorless dizziness, nausea, He Bas simple asphyxiant Torche ‘roma LD sp 200 mgikg ‘ausea, vomiting, severe liver ‘mushroom CatlgN30 (rat, oral) ‘damage, coma, convulsions ‘asenic | arsenic, asenie TDs ISmp/kg | grey, metalic a0ule~ ates eyes, skin, trioxide (rat orl) rysals | respiratory tract, nausea, Chronic - AS, AS Oy ‘convulsions, tissue lesions, hemorrhage, kidney impairment, ugar glucose T5930 eke Sweet white | depressed activity, gastrointestinal H, (ca, oral) powder disturbances. If diabetic ~ heart Cathi20s disease, blindness, nerve damage, Kidney damage iron blew | iron sulfate ~Sadult tablets | greyish white | nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, black FeSO, toxicfor a3 year old | "powder stool, liver damage, coma Tead Tead Lowest published | bluish or silvery | acute ~ headache, insomnia, joint P dose 430 mp/ks solid ‘ain. Chronic-anemia, kidney (human, oral) disease, reproductive and developmental toxin snake ‘@cbongarotoxin wot available Targe provcin Paralysis, suffocation, loss of venom | cygsaNO S11 molecule census sie Cota calfeine TDs 140 mg/kg | _white odorless acute renal failure, nausea, CaHygNaO2 (Gog, ora) | powderorcrsats | psychosis: hemontigeinressed pulse, convulsions alcohol ethanol TLDs 7060 mg’kg | colorless liquid, | nausea, headache, vomiting, " at, ora easant odor ‘dizziness, nervous system CatleO (ton) " depression, confusion, loss of vitamin A retinol 1LDsp2000mgike | yellow erysials, | convulsions, unconsciousness, Catto rat, orl) orange solid reproductive toxin 2 ‘Toxins © UC Regents, LHS Living by Chemistry, 2004,Halling Sense f * Whor cdetermny: ALL svlostances are toxic if “he dese he txicety ofa | Cexpasere) 1s qrest enougl Substance? + Factors thet cletermime toxc ity + Daze Coody wer) @ Physiology Cinexalatism) L ® peat Gil nas) ¥ the smaller tre LDBor the tore xc swhotis a * SoluhON + a mixture of 2 of Mere Subostances Soluton? Sat is Uniform roughest Calea bomogenns weer) - Solveut? Substance in qreatest aimount “does oe dssclving —Solure: sulestance In smaller amount + being dissolved twhhock 1S + concentrten + Ament of Solute per ,| Qe. CoMcentranen ¢ Amount of Selvent - Symieolized es lL a — IW Chemisty, if 1S usu ely measured in moles per liter (met/L) Ceferred to as melanity (M) Chee he Q:Metnadne = | Ae more Edgy > 4S Ig (2a tos | 1 qe 2 SS hy [oth more KIC Than} Tylenol ? & @letate the leer dose for a 126 Uo. We man. _