FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

(BDA 4033 / BDA 40303)

Lecture Module 6: One Dimensional Heat Transfer Problem

Waluyo Adi Siswanto

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
 Applications
Solved by 1D Heat Transfer Element

Heat transfer in fins

Heat transfer in Composite walls

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 2

 A: Crosss-sectional area

Tf: temperature of fluid ,

h: convective heat transfer)

x p: perimeter
Tb

L
W

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 3

 FEM Model

Tf, h
1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4
Tb

[K ] { }={ f }

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 4

 Conductance Matrix
from convection and conduction

i hf T f j

h fi h fj
T fi T fj

If node i If the surrounding surface If node j

Convection exposed to medium exposed to medium exposed to medium

[k ]=
0 [0

L −1 1

] [
h fi A 0 kA 1 −1 h f pL 2 1
e

6 1 2
 0 0
0 h fj A ] [ ][ ]
Conduction
Always present !
Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 5
 Thermal Load Vector
due to convection

i hf T f j

h fi h fj
T fi T fj

If node i If the surrounding surface If node j

Convection exposed to medium exposed to medium exposed to medium

hpLT f 1
{
{ f }= h i AT
e

0
fi
}
+
2 1
+
{} {
0
h j AT fj }
Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 6
 Thermal Load Vector
due to Heat Source

i j

The heat source will effect to the whole body (volume) of the element

{ f e }= Q A L {}1
2 1

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 7

 Thermal Load Vector
due to Heat Flux

q
i j

qi qj

The heat flux will effect to the surface of the applied heat flux

1 + q p L 1 +q A 0
{ f e }=qi A {}
0 2 1 j
{}
1 {}
Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 8
 General Thermal Load Matrix
ALL: Convection, Heat source, Heat flux

q
i hf T f j

qi qj
h fi Q h fj
T fi T fj

hi A T fi Q A Lq p Lh f p L T f 1
{ f }=
e
{ 0

} 2 1

{} {0
h j A T fj } {} {}
qi A 1 q j A 0
0 1

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 9

 Example Problem 6-1

Aluminum fins of a rectangular profile, shown

in the figure, are used to remove heat from a
surface whose temperature is 100 C. The
temperature of the ambient air is 20 C.
The thermal conductivity of the aluminum is
168 W/mC. The natural convective heat
transfer coefficient associated with the
surrounding air is 30 W/m2 C. The fins are 80
mm long, 5 mm wide, and 1 mm thick.

Determine the temperature distribution along

the fin using 4 elements
1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5

20mm 20mm 20mm 20mm

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 10

 conv
Constrained
100 C
1 2

element node I node j L A p kA/L hpL/6 hA

1 1 2 2.00E-02 5.00E-06 1.20E-02 4.20E-002 1.20E-003

T1 T2 T1 T2 T1 T2 {f1}
k1 4.20E-002 -4.20E-002 T1 2.40E-03 1.20E-03 T1 4.44E-002 -4.08E-002 T1 7.20E-02
-4.20E-002 4.20E-002 T2 1.20E-03 2.40E-03 T2 -4.08E-002 4.44E-002 T2 7.20E-02

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 F1
4.44E-02 -4.08E-02 T1 7.20E-02
-4.08E-02 4.44E-02 T2 7.20E-02
T3
T4
T5

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 11

 conv

2 3

element node I node j L A p kA/L hpL/6 hA

2 2 3 2.00E-02 5.00E-06 1.20E-02 4.20E-002 1.20E-003

T2 T3 T2 T3 T2 T3 {f2}
k2 4.20E-002 -4.20E-002 T2 2.40E-03 1.20E-03 T2 4.44E-002 -4.08E-002 T2 7.20E-02
-4.20E-002 4.20E-002 T3 1.20E-03 2.40E-03 T3 -4.08E-002 4.44E-002 T3 7.20E-02

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 F2
T1
4.44E-02 -4.08E-02 T2 7.20E-02
-4.08E-02 4.44E-02 T3 7.20E-02
T4
T5

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 12

 conv

3 4

element node I node j L A p kA/L hpL/6 hA

3 3 4 2.00E-02 5.00E-06 1.20E-02 4.20E-002 1.20E-003

T3 T4 T3 T4 T3 T4 {f3}
k3 4.20E-002 -4.20E-002 T3 2.40E-03 1.20E-03 T3 4.44E-002 -4.08E-002 T3 7.20E-02
-4.20E-002 4.20E-002 T4 1.20E-03 2.40E-03 T4 -4.08E-002 4.44E-002 T4 7.20E-02

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 F3
T1
T2
4.44E-02 -4.08E-02 T3 7.20E-02
-4.08E-02 4.44E-02 T4 7.20E-02
T5

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 13

 conv
conv
4 5
element node I node j L A p kA/L hpL/6 hA
4 4 5 2.00E-02 5.00E-06 1.20E-02 4.20E-002 1.20E-003 1.50E-004

T4 T5 T4 T5 T4 T5 {f4}
k4 4.20E-002 -4.20E-002 T4 2.40E-03 1.20E-03 T4 4.44E-002 -4.08E-002 T4 7.20E-02
-4.20E-002 4.20E-002 T5 1.20E-03 2.40E-03 T5 -4.08E-002 4.46E-002 T5 7.20E-02

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T4 0.00E+00

0.00E+00 1.50E-04 T5 3.00E-03

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 F4
T1
T2
T3
4.44E-02 -4.08E-02 T4 7.20E-02
-4.08E-02 4.46E-02 T5 7.50E-02

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 14

 Global stiffness matrix (without Constraints)

K T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 F4
4.44E-02 -4.08E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T1 7.20E-02
-4.08E-02 8.88E-02 -4.08E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T2 1.44E-01
0.00E+00 -4.08E-02 8.88E-02 -4.08E-02 0.00E+00 T3 1.44E-01
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -4.08E-02 8.88E-02 -4.08E-02 T4 1.44E-01
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -4.08E-02 4.46E-02 T5 7.50E-02

Global stiffness matrix (with Constraints), penalty method 1.00E+020

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 {Fc}
Kc 1.00E+20 -4.08E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T1 1.00E+22
-4.08E-02 8.88E-02 -4.08E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T2 1.44E-01
0.00E+00 -4.08E-02 8.88E-02 -4.08E-02 0.00E+00 T3 1.44E-01
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -4.08E-02 8.88E-02 -4.08E-02 T4 1.44E-01
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -4.08E-02 4.46E-02 T5 7.50E-02

Kc Invers 0 0 0 0 0
0 16.86 12.19 9.67 8.86
0 12.19 26.53 21.05 19.28
0 9.67 21.05 36.14 33.1
0 8.86 19.28 33.1 52.76

T1 100
T2 75.04
T3 59.79
T4 51.56
T5 48.91

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 15

 Composite Wall
For all elements excluding the end elements

1 e 2

[ ]
Tf1 Tf2 e kA 1 −1
h1 h2 [k ]=
L −1 1

A: 1 unit 2

If exposed to medium If exposed to medium

1
[k ]= 1
0 0
+[
h A 0 kA 1 −1
L −1 1 ] [ ] [k ]=
2kA 1 −1
L −1 1[+
0
][
0
0 h2 A ]
Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 16
 Force vector, considering convection, heat source and heat flux

e
{ f }= h
{ } {}
i AT
0
i +q i A 1
0
+
QAL 1
2 1
+ 0
{} {
h j AT j
+q j A 0
1 } {}

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 17

 Example Problem 6-2

k1 k2 k3

Tb Tf, h

5 cm 15 cm 10 cm

k1= 0.08 W/mC k2= 0.074 W/mC k3= 0.72 W/mC

Tb= 200 C Tf= 30 C h= 40 W/m 2C

Calculate the temperature distribution along the composite wall.

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 18

 element node I node j L A k h kA/L hA
1 1 2 5.00E-02 1.00E+00 8.00E-02 0.00E+00 1.60E+000

T1 T2 T1 T2 T1 T2 f1
k1 1.60E+000 -1.60E+000 T1 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T1 1.60E+000 -1.60E+000 T1 0.00E+00
-1.60E+000 1.60E+000 T2 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T2 -1.60E+000 1.60E+000 T2 0.00E+00

2 2 3 1.50E-01 1.00E+00 7.40E-02 0.00E+00 4.93E-001

T2 T3 T2 T3 T2 T3 f2
k2 4.93E-001 -4.93E-001 T2 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T2 4.93E-001 -4.93E-001 T2 0.00E+00
-4.93E-001 4.93E-001 T3 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T3 -4.93E-001 4.93E-001 T3 0.00E+00

3 3 4 1.00E-01 1.00E+00 7.20E-01 4.00E+01 7.20E+000 4.00E+001

T3 T4 T3 T4 T3 T4 f3
k3 7.20E+000 -7.20E+000 T3 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T3 7.20E+000 -7.20E+000 T3 0.00E+00
-7.20E+000 7.20E+000 T4 0.00E+00 4.00E+01 T4 -7.20E+000 4.72E+001 T4 1.20E+03

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 19

 Global stiffness matrix (without Constraints)

T1 T2 T3 T4 F
K 1.60E+00 -1.60E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T1 0.00E+00
-1.60E+00 2.09E+00 -4.93E-01 0.00E+00 T2 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 -4.93E-01 7.69E+00 -7.20E+00 T3 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -7.20E+00 4.72E+01 T4 1.20E+03

Global stiffness matrix (with Constraints), penalty method 1.00E+021

T1 T2 T3 T4 Fc
Kc 1.00E+21 -1.60E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T1 2.00E+23
-1.60E+00 2.09E+00 -4.93E-01 0.00E+00 T2 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 -4.93E-01 7.69E+00 -7.20E+00 T3 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -7.20E+00 4.72E+01 T4 1.20E+03

Kc Invers 0 0 0 0
0 0.49 0.04 0.01
0 0.04 0.15 0.02
0 0.01 0.02 0.02

T1 200
T2 162.27
T3 39.89
T4 31.51

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 20

 Example Problem 6-3

A partition wall (the area A is one unit area) has a thickness of 4 cm as illustrated
above. The left side of the wall is exposed to a free air (convection coefficient h=1.5
W/sq-cm C) with temperature of 5 deg C. The temperature of the right side is 20
degC with the convection coefficient h=0.05 W/sq-cm C.
Find the distribution temperature

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 21

 element node I node j L A k kA/L
1 1 2 2.00E+00 1.00E+00 5.00E-01 2.50E-001

hi and Ti hj and Tj
1.5 0
5 0

conduction convection at i and j T1 T2 f1

2.50E-001 -2.50E-001 1.50E+00 0.00E+00 1.75E+000 -2.50E-001 T1 7.50E+00
-2.50E-001 2.50E-001 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -2.50E-001 2.50E-001 T2 0.00E+00

T1 T2 T3 F1
K1 1.75E+00 -2.50E-01 T1 7.50E+00
-2.50E-01 2.50E-01 T2 0.00E+00
T3

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 22

 element node I node j L A k kA/L
2 2 3 2.00E+00 1.00E+00 5.00E-01 2.50E-001

hi and Ti hj and Tj
0 0.05
0 20

conduction convection at i and j T2 T3 f2

2.50E-001 -2.50E-001 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.50E-001 -2.50E-001 T2 0.00E+00
-2.50E-001 2.50E-001 0.00E+00 5.00E-02 -2.50E-001 3.00E-001 T3 1.00E+00

T1 T2 T3 F2
K2 T1
2.50E-01 -2.50E-001 T2 0.00E+00
-2.50E-01 3.00E-001 T3 1.00E+00

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 23

 Global stiffness matrix (without Constraints)

T1 T2 T3 F
K 1.75E+00 -2.50E-01 0.00E+00 T1 7.50E+00
-2.50E-01 5.00E-01 -2.50E-01 T2 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 -2.50E-01 3.00E-01 T3 1.00E+00

Global stiffness matrix (with Constraints), penalty method 1.00E+010

T1 T2 T3 F Constraint
Kc 1.75E+00 -2.50E-01 0.00E+00 T1 7.50E+00
-2.50E-01 5.00E-01 -2.50E-01 T2 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 -2.50E-01 3.00E-01 T3 1.00E+00

Kc Invers 0.65 0.56 0.47

0.56 3.91 3.26
0.47 3.26 6.05

T1 5.349
T2 7.442
T3 9.535

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 24

 Example Problem 6-4

k1 k2 k3 k4

Tb

0.25 m 0.25 m 0.25 m 0.25 m

k1=k2=k3=k4= 25 W/mC
Tb= 200 C Q= 400 W/m3 (all elements)

Calculate the temperature distribution along the composite wall.

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 25

 elemen node I node j L A k kA/L
1 1 2 2.50E-01 1.00E+00 2.50E+01 1.00E+002

T1 T2
k1 1.00E+002 -1.00E+002 1.00E+002 -1.00E+002 T1 f1 5.00E+01
-1.00E+002 1.00E+002 -1.00E+002 1.00E+002 T2 5.00E+01

2 2 3 2.50E-01 1.00E+00 2.50E+01 1.00E+002

T2 T3
k2 1.00E+002 -1.00E+002 1.00E+002 -1.00E+002 T2 f2 5.00E+01
-1.00E+002 1.00E+002 -1.00E+002 1.00E+002 T3 5.00E+01

3 3 4 2.50E-01 1.00E+00 2.50E+01 1.00E+002

T3 T4
k3 1.00E+002 -1.00E+002 1.00E+002 -1.00E+002 T3 f3 5.00E+01
-1.00E+002 1.00E+002 -1.00E+002 1.00E+002 T4 5.00E+01

4 4 5 2.50E-01 1.00E+00 2.50E+01 1.00E+002

T4 T5
k4 1.00E+002 -1.00E+002 1.00E+002 -1.00E+002 T4 f4 5.00E+01
-1.00E+002 1.00E+002 -1.00E+002 1.00E+002 T5 5.00E+01

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 26

 Global stiffness matrix (without Constraints)

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
K 1.00E+02 -1.00E+02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T1 T1 5.00E+01
-1.00E+02 2.00E+02 -1.00E+02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T2 T2 1.00E+02
0.00E+00 -1.00E+02 2.00E+02 -1.00E+02 0.00E+00 T3 T3 1.00E+02
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -1.00E+02 2.00E+02 -1.00E+002 T4 T4 1.00E+02
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -1.00E+02 1.00E+002 T5 T5 5.00E+01

Global stiffness matrix (with Constraints), penalty method 1.00E+021

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Kc 1.00E+21 -1.00E+02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T1 2.00E+23
-1.00E+02 2.00E+02 -1.00E+02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 T2 1.00E+02
0.00E+00 -1.00E+02 2.00E+02 -1.00E+02 0.00E+00 T3 1.00E+02
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -1.00E+02 2.00E+02 -1.00E+02 T4 1.00E+02
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -1.00E+02 1.00E+02 T5 5.00E+01

Kc Invers 0 0 0 0 0
0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04

T1 200
T2 203.5
T3 206
T4 207.5
T5 208

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 27

 Fluid Mechanics Problem
T2

u: fluid velocity
y μ: dynamic viscocity of the fluid
u
dp
The pressure drop in flow direction
x dx

μe (e)
T1 [K ] {u }={ f }
long
e
[k ]=
[
 1 −1
L −1 1 ]
height −dp
L
width { f e }= dx 1 {}
2 1
Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 28
 Example Problem 6-5
T2=50C
7
(6) 6 The element is distributed
5 evenly
y
dp
=120 Pa/ m 4
dx Determine the velocity in
3 every node and draw the
x
2 profile
(1)
1
T1=20C
long=3m
μ1 0.775 kg/m.s
μ2 0.525 kg/m.s
μ3 0.34 kg/m.s
μ4 0.24 kg/m.s
height=9cm
μ5 0.16 kg/m.s
wide=40cm μ6 0.11 kg/m.s

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 29

 elemen node I node j L μ kA/L dp/dx
1 1 2 1.50E-02 7.75E-01 5.17E+001 -1.20E+02

u1 u2 u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 u6 u7 F
k1 5.17E+001 -5.17E+001 u1 5.17E+01 -5.17E+01 u1 9.00E-01
-5.17E+001 5.17E+001 u2 -5.17E+01 5.17E+01 u2 9.00E-01
u3
u4
f1 9.00E-001 F1 u5
9.00E-001 F2 u6
u7

2 2 3 1.50E-02 5.25E-01 3.50E+001 -1.20E+02

u2 u3 u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 u6 u7 F
k2 3.50E+001 -3.50E+001 u2 u1
-3.50E+001 3.50E+001 u3 3.50E+01 -3.50E+01 u2 9.00E-01
-3.50E+01 3.50E+01 u3 9.00E-01
u4
f2 9.00E-001 F2 u5
9.00E-001 F3 u6
u7

3 3 4 1.50E-02 3.40E-01 2.27E+001 -1.20E+02

u3 u4 u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 u6 u7 F
k3 2.27E+001 -2.27E+001 u3 u1
-2.27E+001 2.27E+001 u4 u2
2.27E+01 -2.27E+01 u3 9.00E-01
-2.27E+01 2.27E+01 u4 9.00E-01
f3 9.00E-001 F3 u5
9.00E-001 F4 u6
u7
Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 30
 4 4 5 1.50E-02 2.40E-01 1.60E+001 -1.20E+02

u4 u5 u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 u6 u7 F
k4 1.60E+001 -1.60E+001 u4 u1
-1.60E+001 1.60E+001 u5 u2
u3
1.60E+01 -1.60E+01 u4 9.00E-01
f4 9.00E-001 F4 -1.60E+01 1.60E+01 u5 9.00E-01
9.00E-001 F5 u6
u7

5 5 6 1.50E-02 1.60E-01 1.07E+001 -1.20E+02

u5 u6 u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 u6 u7 F
k5 1.07E+001 -1.07E+001 u5 u1
-1.07E+001 1.07E+001 u6 u2
u3
u4
f5 9.00E-001 F5 1.07E+01 -1.07E+01 u5 9.00E-01
9.00E-001 F6 -1.07E+01 1.07E+01 u6 9.00E-01
u7

6 6 7 1.50E-02 1.10E-01 7.33E+000 -1.20E+02

u6 u7 u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 u6 u7 F
k6 7.33E+000 -7.33E+000 u6 u1
-7.33E+000 7.33E+000 u7 u2
u3
u4
f6 9.00E-001 F6 u5
9.00E-001 F7 7.33E+00 -7.33E+00 u6 9.00E-01
-7.33E+00 7.33E+00 u7 9.00E-01

Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 31

Global stiffness matrix (without Constraints)

u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 u6 u7 F
K 5.17E+01 -5.17E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 u1 9.00E-01
-5.17E+01 8.67E+01 -3.50E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 u2 1.80E+00
0.00E+00 -3.50E+01 5.77E+01 -2.27E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 u3 1.80E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -2.27E+01 3.87E+01 -1.60E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 u4 1.80E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -1.60E+01 2.67E+01 -1.07E+01 0.00E+00 u5 1.80E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -1.07E+01 1.80E+01 -7.33E+00 u6 1.80E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -7.33E+00 7.33E+00 u7 9.00E-01

Global stiffness matrix (with Constraints), penalty method 1.00E+020

u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 u6 u7
Kc 1.00E+20 -5.17E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 u1 9.00E-01
-5.17E+01 8.67E+01 -3.50E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 u2 1.80E+00
0.00E+00 -3.50E+01 5.77E+01 -2.27E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 u3 1.80E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -2.27E+01 3.87E+01 -1.60E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 u4 1.80E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -1.60E+01 2.67E+01 -1.07E+01 0.00E+00 u5 1.80E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -1.07E+01 1.80E+01 -7.33E+00 u6 1.80E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -7.33E+00 1.00E+20 u7 9.00E-01

u1 0.00000
7
u2 0.12328
6
u3 0.25383
u4 0.37601 5
Node No

u5 0.43659 4
u6 0.35872 3
u7 0.00000 2
1

0.00000 0.05000 0.10000 0.15000 0.20000 0.25000 0.30000 0.35000 0.40000 0.45000 0.50000
Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 32
Lecture Module 6 Finite Element Methods 33