EET 215 Test 3 practice problems

1- Assume a 10KΩ NTC thermistor with β = 3500.

Determine the thermistor resistance at T = 30 and 50 deg. C Also determine the relative sensitivity in
Ω/oC. Room temperature = 25 oC

Ans: -210.356 Ω/oC

Solution:

( ( ))
= 8.24KΩ (note, T0 = 25+ 273.15, T = 30 + 273.15

Likewise, R at 50 oC = 4.033KΩ

= (4.033K-8.24K)/(50-30)

= -210.3564 Ω/ oC

2- In the circuit shown, determine the relative sensitivity (∆V/ oC) as the temperature changes
from 10 to 20 oC. Assume the same thermistor of problem No.1

VCC
5V R3
25kΩ
R4
R1 10kΩ
10kΩ 4 U1
2
Vout
6
3
7 1 5
741
RT

Ans. = -176.3mV/ oC

Solution:

at 10 deg. C: RT = 18.624KΩ, VT = 5*RT/(10K+RT) = 3.2532V

at 20 deg. C, RT = 12.217KΩ, VT = 2.7494V

= (2.7494-3.2532)/(20-10) = -50.4 mV/oC (at input)

at output: -50.4mV*3.5 = -176.3mV/degC (note: Av = 3.5)

3- For the circuit of No.2, assume a 10KΩ NTC thermistor with β = 4000. Determine the measured
temperature if the output voltage (Vout) is measured at 2.1613V.

Ans. 76 oC

Solution:

VT = Vout/Av = 0.6175V

Thus, RT = 0.6175/[(5-.6175)/10000] = 1.409KΩ (apply ohm’s law here )

1/T = (1/Beta)*ln(RT/Ro) +1/To solve for T

then,

T (oC) = T – 273.15 = 76

4- Find the Seebeck emf (Voltage) of the material has a sensitivity of 100uV/ oC if the junction
temperatures are 40 oC and 90 oC

Ans. 5mV.

Solution

100uV/oC*(90-40) = 5mV

5. What is Seebeck effect?

6. What is Peltier Effect?

7. What is an RTD and give two examples of where it may be used?

8. What is the output voltage of an 8 –bit DAC with 5V reference if the input is 011010112

Ans. 2.0898 Volts

Solution:

9. For the DAC of problem No.8, what digital input is required to obtain 3.2V at the output?

Ans. 101000112

Solution:
Rearranging the formula and solving for N, yields:

= 163.8  101000112

10. A bipolar DAC has 4 bits and a reference of 5V. What output will result from input of 01102?

Ans. -0.6250

Solution

Vout = 6/16*(5)-5/2 = -0.6250

11. in Problem 10, what binary input will result with a zero output voltage?

Ans. 10002

Solution:

obviously, it will be at ½ the full scale, thus at 8  10002

The math:

Solve for N = (24)/2 = 8  10002

12: In a 10 bit system with a reference of 9V, what is the voltage resolution?

Solution: For resolution, we are talking about a single bit change in the binary data.

= 0.0088V

13. Determine how many bits a DAC must have in order to have an increment of 0.005V or less. Assume
the reference voltage is 12V.

Ans. 12 bits

Solution:
Rearranging the equation, yields:

( ) ( )
=

n = - ln(delV/Vref)/ln(2) = 11.23  11 bits 12

The next problems deal with analog-to-digital converters (ADC)

14. Assume a position sensor with the output of 0.1V/m. Determine the required ADC reference
and word size to measure 0 to 60 m distances with 0.02 meters resolution .

Ans. 6V, 12 bit

Solution

Max distance = 60 m.  60*.1V/m = 6 Volts

Thus, Vref = 6V

resolution of 0.02 meters  0.002V = ∆V

∆V = Vref/(2n), thus:

( )
=11.56 12 Bits

15. Using the result of 14, what would be the binary output corresponding to a distance of
21meters?

Ans. 0101100110012

at 21 meters, Vout = 0.1V/meter *21 = 2.1 Volts

Vout = 2.1/6*2^12 = 1433.6  0101100110012

General problem:

16.
Assume the pressure sensor shown has the relationship of 500Ω/psi. Determine the digital output if the
pressure i: a) 25 psi, b) 20 psi, c) 15 psi. Also, determine the pressure range for linear operation of the
system.

Rsensor = Pressure * 500Ω/psi

Thus, the three different resistances at 25, 20, 15 psi are  { 12.5KΩ, 10KΩ, 7.5KΩ}, respectively.

Vx = 2.5V

Vy = { 2.778, 2.5, 2.143}Volts corresponding to each of the three different sensor resistances.

Differential amplifier output is: Vo = (Vx-Vy)(1+ 2R/Rg) = (2.5 – Vy)*(1+ 2(10KΩ)/2.5KΩ)

Vout = {-2.5, 0 , 3.159} corresponding to the three different pressure cases, respectively.

Digital Output = ( )
 at Vout = -2.5  19115D

= 010010101101010112

0V  32768d  10000000000000002

3.159  50020d
11000011011001002

Differential Amplifiers.

1- Calculate Vout and Iout in the circuit shown if V1 = 6V and V2=4.5V

VEE
-15V

45kΩ
4 U1
V2 2
Iout
10kΩ 6
3
Vout
V1 10kΩ
7 1 5
741
R1
R8
VCC 2kΩ
15V
45kΩ
R2

Ans: Vout = 6.75V, Iout = 3.416mA (out of op-amp)

2- Repeat No.1, above, if R1 and R2 are changed to 20KΩ and 90KΩ, respectively.
ans: (same exact results since the ratio of Rf/Ri is still the same)

3- Design an instrumentation amplifier circuit (using 3 op-amps) to have a gain of 200. Show all
component values.

ans: similar to the amp of Problem 16 (above) Pick R to be 10KΩ, then Rg = ?

200 = (1+ 2R/Rg) solve for Rg  Rg = 100.5Ω

4- Assume the input to an op-amp circuit is a sine waveform that swings between -0.5 and +0.5 volts.
Design the op-amp circuit so that the output sinusoidal waveform swings between 1V and 10V and that
the output is still in phase with the input.

Ans: refer to the class work of Wednesday, Nov. 20th.