STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS:

Computation of Ultimate Bearing Capacity:

Terzhagi’s Equation:

qu=cNc+ qNq+0.5 γBNγ

Where:

c= 6.466 kPa q=γDf =18.9 (1 )=18.9 kN /m 3

φ= 20.2742 deg Nc= 18.0273

γ= 18.9 kN/m^3 Nq= 7.6648

Nγ= 3.8237

qu= 387.9071 kPa

qnet= 184.5036 kPa

CHECKING FOR OVERTURNING, SLIDING, AND BEARING PRESSURE STABILITY

 OVERTURNING top

Using Rankines Theory:

σ a=Ka σ a−2 c √ Ka Pah

where; Pav

cosα−√ cos2 α −cos 2 ∅

Ka=cos ∝
cosα+ √ cos2 α −cos2 ∅
Ka = 0.488 bot

@top: σ a=−9.0346 kPa

@bot: σ a=45.533 kPa

Pa = 0.5Hσ a = 107.9805 kN : Pah= 107.846 KN : Pav= 5.3878 KN

Wt, Kn x @ Toe
1 35.25 1.01
2 16.45 0.767
3 65.8 1.75
4 221.13 2.33
5 2.587 2.72
Pav 5.3878 3.5
346.6048

Mo = 107.846(4.743) = 170.503 Kn-m

FSo = MR/Mo = 704.4965/170.503 = 4.13>1 (ok)

 SLIDING

Σ V tan δ+ Pp+ Bc ' a

FSs= ; δ=0.7 ϕ top
Pah

σ p=Kp σ v +2 c √ Kp bot

Where;

Kp = 1/Ka = 2.049

@top: σ p=18.5127 kPa

@bot: : σ p=57.2388 kPa

Pp = 37.8756 kN

FSs = 1.373 > 1 (ok)

 BEARING PRESSURE

Mr−Mo
x= =1.554
V
B
e= −x=0.196
2
ΣV 6e
q max/min =
B[1±
B ]
q max =132.304 kPa<q net ( ok )

q min =65.755 kPa

Therefore, retaining wall is safe from all failures

 DESIGN OF REINFORCEMENTS

@STEM:

σ a=Ka σ a−2 c √ Ka
σ a=38.161 kPa

Pa = 97.6349 kPa

Mu = 1.6(97.6349)(5.117/3) = 266.4522 kN-m Pa

@BASE:

M = 0.5(2.34)(18.3768)(2/3)(2.34)

+ 0.5(2.34)(126.7308)(1/3)(2.34)
18.3768 kPa
-5.3878(2.34) - 221.13(2.34/2)
126.7308 kPa
-2.587(2/3)(2.34)

M = 126.1694 kN-m

Mu = 1.6M = 201.871 kN-m

Mu d Steel Ratio As Reinforcements

STEM 266.4552 215 0.0202 4343 25mm Dia. RSB @ 110mm
BASE 201.871 715 0.00509 3639.35 25mm Dia. RSB @ 130mm
TEMP BARS 16mm Dia. RSB @ 370mm