Malnutrition: A silent killer

hiding in plain sight

Source: Dharitri, 11/08/2019

10.7 lakh children under 5yrs are stunted, 5.13 lakh are wasted,
Odisha & 10.8 lakh are underweight in Odisha.

Percentage of stunted children in Odisha (29%) is equal to Uganda

needs a and 30 times more than Germany.

nutrition 50% of the states in India are performing better than Odisha.
When Odisha celebrates its 100th birthday in 2036, 29.1% of
revolution Odisha’s youth will be stunted and unable to contribute effectively
to the State’s overall growth due to impaired physical and cognitive
growth.

Powered by
www.sdrc.co.in

Stunting among children (0-5 years)

Odisha will fail to meet
the National Nutrition Mission 45.0

target in 2022: 34.1

Current AARR = 3.6%

Current annual average rate of 29.1

25.2
reduction (AARR) trails the required Required AARR = 8.4%

rate of reduction. 20.5

2006 2016 2018 2022
NFHS RSOC CNNS

Wasting among children (0-5 years) Underweight among children (0-5 years)

Current AARR = 2.8%

19.5 20.4 40.7 Current AARR = 2.7%
13.9 34.4
12.4 29.2
26.1
Required AARR = 22.9%
Required AARR = 8.2%
4.9
20.7
2006 2016 2018 2022
2006 2016 2018 2022
NFHS RSOC CNNS
NFHS RSOC CNNS

Source:
NFHS - National Family Health Survey, RSOC - Rapid Survey on Children, CNNS - Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey
Malnutrition continues to impede Micronutrient Deficiencies further
child health in Odisha complicate the situation
1 out of 3 children 1 out of 7 children Female adolescents (40.4%) had a
Anaemia Prevalence
under 5yrs are Stunted under 5yrs are Wasted higher prevalence of anaemia
(too short for their age) (too thin for their height) 1-4 yrs 5-9 yrs 10-19 yrs compared to their male counterparts (18.8%)
It undermines the ability of individuals
& communities to reach full potential.
Indicates acute starvation and/or severe disease. It may
also be the result of a chronic unfavourable conditions. Lack of access to micronutrients
48.0 1 out of 1 out of 1 out of among persons aged 1-19 years
38.7 38.4 3 children 4 children 3 adolescents
45.0
21.3% 50.3%
34.7
38.2 Anaemia in children results in impaired :
34.1
29.1 19.8 18.3 21.0
17.3 Cognitive performance Low Serum Ferritin Folate deficiency:
19.5 20.4 Motor development deficiency: Causes anaemia
15.1
13.9 Scholastic achievement
Prolonged bleeding
2005-2006 2013-2014 2015-2016 2016-2018 2005-2006 2013-2014 2015-2016 2016-2018

9.5% 12.5%
NFHS RSOC NFHS CNNS NFHS RSOC NFHS CNNS
India Odisha India Odisha

Vitamin B12 Vitamin D

Nagada
1 out of 3 children under 5yrs are
deficiency: deficiency:
Underweight (too low weight for their age)
Lowers immune Increase risk of

redux:
It reflects long-term health and nutritional experience of
the individual or population. system heart diseases
42.5

Malnutrition 19.1% 25.6%

34.4 35.7 33.4
40.7
34.4 Sources:
29.4 29.2 Vitamin A deficiency: Zinc deficiency:

tragedy
NFHS - National Family Health Survey
RSOC - Rapid Survey on Children Affects immune Affects immune
CNNS - Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey
system and system, triggers

of Odisha
eyesight diarrhoea
2005-2006 2013-2014 2015-2016 2016-2018
NFHS RSOC NFHS CNNS Source:
India Odisha CNNS - Comprehensive
National Nutrition Survey

Malnutrition and micronutrient

deficiencies contribute to Overweight and obesity: Excessive fat accu-
mulation.
Non-Communicable Diseases High Blood Cholesterol: Increases levels of
bad fats,lipids in the blood. Increases risk
34.0

for heart related diseases.

19 children died out of
27.5

High Triglycerides: Type of fat found in

blood that increases risk of heart related malnutrition in 2016 in
diseases. Nagada village, Jajpur district.
16.1

Diabetes: Impedes body’s ability to produce

or respond to the insulin hormone. 52 out of 114 children were
9.1
7.8

7.8

acutely malnourished.
4.8

3.9

27 out of these 52
3.7

3.7

3.7
3.2

1.6

0.6
0.6
1.2

5-9 yrs 10-19 yrs 5-9 yrs 10-19 yrs 5-9 yrs 10-19 yrs 5-9 yrs 10-19 yrs
children were severely and
Overweight or Obese High Cholesterol High Triglycerides Indicative of diabetes acutely malnourished.
India Odisha
Key nutrition interventions
6.33 6.2 6.22 5.9
5.54
3594.93
3234.82 Total Budget for Nutrition
2165.71 2702.7 4059.18
Specific Intervention
Total Budget for Nutrition
3058.42 3022.16 Sensitive Intervention
2840.44 2687.05 2706.22
Nutrition Budget as a share
of total budget
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 (BE) 2017-18 (RE) 2018-19(BE)

Programme 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2017-18 2018-19

(BE) (RE) (BE)
Nutrition Specific Intervention (Rs. in Crore)

National Creche Scheme 0.0 0.0 0.0001 0.47 5.98

Supplementary Nutrition Programme 758.6 700.93 800.39 822.39 972.3
Conditional cash transfer Pregnant women (MAMATA) 259.28 280.0 378.38 280.0 155.0
Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent 70.89 67.79 84.11 87.95 0.0
Girl (SABLA)
Scheme for Adolescent Girls 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 101.53
Public Distribution System 1117.78 884.32 880.42 769.95 894.35
Mid-Day Meals 633.89 754.01 915.12 745.46 893.0
Nutrition Sensitive Intervention (Rs. in Crore)

National Food Security Mission 135.22 60.41 145.52 145.52 161.53

Swachh Bharat Mission 1081.49 1474.4 1187.5 1089.4 1200.0
National Health Mission 949.0 1167.89 1196.91 1024.51 1347.65
BASUDHA 1065.0 975.39 1350.0
Source: Odisha Budget and Accountability Centre (OBAC)

Key policy asks

Follow life cycle approach with focus on first 1000 days
Strenghten Poshan Abhiyan outreach through intensive awareness campaign
Promote dietary diversity for balanced and healthy diet
Implement integrated rainfed agriculture centric programmes with focus on production of pulses, millets ,
backyard poultry, kitchen garden and small fisheries
Use technology solutions for robust and t.ransparent monitoring mechanism

Odisha Millet Mission: A step to address malnutrition

Promote production and uptake of millets in 72 blocks of 14 districts of Odisha
covering 23,235 Ha cultivable area involving 52,542 farmers.
Focus on 3 areas of Nutri cereal promotion:
Millet Integration with government schemes like ICDS and MDM.
Develop agronomic practices for improving productivity.
Community owned seed centres, focus on farmer groups for
sustainable market linkage.
Unique approach to create awareness in urban area through roadshows/outlets/
hoardings and internships.
Intensive village level awareness targeting women on nutritional benefits of
nutri-cereals (millets).