CRITICAL JOURNAL REVIEW

PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
“Bilingualism”

ARRANGED BY :

Name of Groups:
1. Andreas K F Hutapea (2173321003)
2. Aprilia Pasha Sembiring (2173321006)

3. Criston Anugrah Telaumbanua (2173321011)

4. Millinia Asninta Surbakti (2173321029)
5. Agustin Petra Rery (2174521001)
Class : English Education E’17
Subject : Psycholinguistics
Lecture : Yeni Erlita S.Pd, M.Hum.

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

LANGUAGES AND ARTS FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
2020
No Items Journal 1 Journal 2
1 Title of Effects of Bilingualism on Personality, Establishing English-Indonesian
journal Cognitive and Educational Bilinguals in Indonesia : From
Developments : A Historical Perspective Theory to Practice

2 The writer Majid N. Al-Amri Margana

3 Link http://www.naturalspublishing.com/files/
Address published/2e8998va7c28ik.pdf
4 Volume and 5 and 7 Pages 1 and 10 Pages
Pages
5 City of Saudi Arabia Yogyakarta
publisher
6 Year of 2013 2015
Publishing
7 ISSN - 23946709

I. INTRODUCTION
Journal 1
Some researchers claim that bilingualism is a negative phenomenon that has detrimental effects
on bilingual. Recently, a number of researchers have produced evidence on the positive side that
claim that bilingualism affects cognitive, personality, and educational developments. The study
discusses these two views further regarding the three main dimensions. Appel and Muysken
(1987) argue that the idea that bilingualism had a negative effect on linguistic skills was
formulated as the balance hypothesis which claims that human beings have a certain potential
capacity for language learning; knowing one language restricts the possibilities for learning the
other languages. Following Peal and Lambert,They claim that bilingualism can have a positive
effect on intelligence and can give bilingual children certain cognitive advantages over their
monolingual peers. Concerning educational development, McLaughlin (1978) in Grosjean
(1982), He argues that poor performance is predicted if bilingual child has not mastered the
language well. He writes: ‘As the child’s command improves, so will academic performance in
subjects taught in that language’. He adds that many factors also should be taken into account
such as poor home environment, the parent’s low socioeconomic status, negative attitudes of the
majority group, conflicts in culture, and so on. Lambert (1977) in Grosjean (1982) writes: ‘In
general, the researchers in the early period expected to find all sorts of problems, and they
usually did: bilingual children, relative to monolinguals, were behind in school, retarded in
measured intelligence, and socially drift. One trouble with most of the early studies was that little
care was taken to check out the essentials before comparing monolingual and bilingual subjects.’
However, in spite of the recent studies have taken greater care to control factors such as age,
socioeconomic status and degree of bilingualism, they still fail to define what they are measuring
and how their monolingual and bilingual subjects differ in educational background.

Journal 2
English speaking countries including Indonesia grounds that English serves as the global
language which is widely used as a means of communication practices both spoken and written
in various fields such as technology, education, business, economy, tourism, social affairs, and
the like. This statement is supported by Bialystock et al (2009:89) who state that ‘it is
increasingly apparent that the establishment of bilingualism is the rule and not the exception’.
The establishment of bilingualism is not only due to the cultural and linguistic diversity within
the countries, but also the growing number of the global mobility of the people to be bilinguals at
all levels of society to adjust the global context.

II DISCUSSION (THE STRENGH AND WEAKNESS)

BOOK 1
STRENGTHS The strength of the first journal is
that it uses many definitions from
experts so that it is easier to
understand what bilingualism is in
the discussions in the journal. The
use of language in this journal is also
easy to understand because it uses
words / sentences that are often used.
In this journal use many references
from several experts / sources
published to help readers get the
truth of the material discussed in the
journal.
WEAKNESSES The weakness in this journal is that
this journal relies only on definitions
from experts but does not explain in
detail or this journal does not include
a variety of examples where these
examples can help in making it
easier for readers to understand the
contents of the discussion material.
BOOK 2
The advantage in this journal is that
this journal is complemented by the
opinions of experts who support
and add reference material for
discussion in the journal. The
explanation of each material is
easily understood by the reader, so
that the reader has no difficulty
understanding words.
The weakness In this journal , the
explanation is completely with the
material, but in the explanation it
doesn’t explain the example of
each material and this journal only
about the idea , not doing the
research so we cannot find tangible
results in this journal..

III . CONCLUSION
Some researchers claim that bilingualism is a negative phenomenon that has detrimental effects
on bilingual, researchers have produced evidence on the positive side that claim that bilingualism
affects cognitive, personality, ande ducational developments. The notion of bilingualism refers to
‘the practice of alternately using two languages’. Such a definition can be used to cope with
either minimum or maximum proficiency levels of a bilingual as he/she performs the higher
language proficiency than the other language. This definition is believed to accommodate a
developing bilingual who performs a limited proficiency in a language by doing a language
alternation from a matrix language (dominant language) to an embedded language (non-
dominant language) or vice versa depending on the context of communication.