Name: Cherique Campbell

Date: February 12, 2020

Lab: 7

Title: Back Titration of Antacids

Aim: Determine the average amount of CaCO3 in each tablet.

Materials: pipette, burette, beakers, Hcl (1.0mol), antacid tablet (red &green), methyl orange, NaOH

Results:

mass of tums (red)= 2.0g

mass of tums (green) = 2.0g

Red
Volume of NaOH used
Final reading 11.30
Initial reading 0.00
Volume of NaOH 11.3

Green
Volume of NaOH
Final 21.00
Initial 11.30
Volume of NaOH added 9.7

Calculations:

Determine the moles of HCl contained in 25ml of 1M HCl

25ml in dm3 = 0.025dm3
moles= volume × molar concentration
= 0.025dm3 × 1moldm-3
= 0.025mol

For each flask used, determine the moles of NaOH used in the titration using the molar concentration.
Flask containing Tablet 1
moles of NaOH= volume × molar concentration
= 0.0113dm3 × 2moldm-3
 = 0.0226 mol

Flask containing Tablet 2

moles of NaOH = volume × molar concentration
= 0.0097dm3 × 2moldm-3
= 0.0194 mol

Determine the numbers moles of HCl which reacted with the NaOH used for titration.
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)àNaCl(aq) + H2O(ℓ)
Mole ratio is 1:1, therefore the number of moles of NaOH used in the titration is the same amount of
moles for HCl.
For flask containing Tablet 1, the amount of moles of HCl =0.0226 mol
For flask containing Tablet 2, the amount of moles of HCl = 0.0194 mol

For each flask, determine the moles of HCl which reacted with the calcium carbonate in the tablet.
The number of moles present in the 25ml of 1M HCl = 0.0250 mol
For flask containing Tablet 1, the amount of moles of HCl reacted =0.0226 mol
For flask containing Tablet 2, the amount of moles of HCl reacted = 0.0194 mol

For flask containing Tablet 1, number of moles of HCl that reacted with CaCO3
= 0.0250 – 0.0226
= 0.0024 mol

For flask containing Tablet 2, number of moles of HCl that reacted with CaCO3
= 0.0250 – 0.0194
= 0.0056 mol
Using the mole ratio of HCl: CaCO3 (equation required), determine the moles of CaCO3 in eachtablet
used.
2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(aq)à CaCl2(aq) + H2O(ℓ)+ CO2(g)
Mole ratio is 2:1, therefore HCl has twice the number of moles than CaCO3.
For Tablet 1, number of moles of CaCO3
= 0.0024 ÷ 2
= 0.0012 mol

For Tablet 2, number of moles of CaCO3

= 0.0056 ÷ 2
= 0.0028 mol

Determine the mass (in milligrams) of CaCO3 in each tablet.

For Tablet 1, mass of CaCO3= moles × molar mass
= 0.0012mol × 100gmol-1
= 0.12g
=120 mg

For Tablet 2, mass of CaCO3= moles × molar mass

= moles × molar mass
= 0.0028 mol × 100gmol-1
= 0.28g
= 280mg
= 280 mg
Using the masses of the tablets, determine the average mass of a tablet.
2g + 2g
2
= 2g
= 2000mg

Using the masses of CaCO3 obtained for each tablet; determine the average amount of CaCO3 in each
tablet
280mg + 120mg
2
=200mg

Percentage mass for Tablet 1=

0.12g
2g
= 6%

Percentage mass for Tablet 2 =

0.28g × 100
2g
= 14%

Discussion:

Standards are materials which contain an accurately defined concentration of a substance

for quantitative analysis use. A norm includes a reference that can be used to calibrate analytical
instruments or to assess uncertain concentrations. The primary standard is a reagent that is extremely
pure and stable; it does not have hydration water and has a high molecular weight. Primary standards
are often used to produce standard solutions with a well-known concentration of solutions.
Good primary standard meets the following criteria: Has a high level of purity, has low reactivity (high
stability),has a high equivalent weight (to reduce error in mass measurements) and it is not likely to
absorb air moisture (hygroscopic).
NaOH is naturally an inexpensive, highly soluble, and relatively easy to use base, so it is
often a go - to chemical for straightforward titration; however, it is far from ideal. Second, NaOH
continues to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is weakly acidic. Standardization is typically
performed by titrating NaOH with a primary standard, ultra-pure, easily soluble acid, such as potassium
hydrogen phthalate (KHP). In comparison to NaOH, KHP can be used to prepare a solution whose
concentration is considered to have a high degree of precision. Therefore, the only way to accurately
assess the molar concentration of a previously formulated NaOH solution is to titrate it with a solution
such as KHP. Once the NaOH solution has been standardized and its concentration is well defined, it
can be used to titrate certain acid solutions such as HCl. \
The calculated mass of CaCO3 for Tablet 1 and Tablet 2 were 120 mg and 280mg
respectively.The specified number on the bottle was 750 mg. The disparity between the calculated mass
of CaCO3 and that listed on the bottle was due to the reaction between CaCO3 and HCl, carbon
dioxide was produced, and as CO2 is an acidic oxide, some of the CO2 in the solution could dissolve,
which could affect the values obtained.

Limitation:
• The colour of Tums, does not allow for endpoint to be detected.
• Other carbonates may be present in the antacid, which was not accounted for, and could affect
the results obtained the experiment.
• Expired Tums could produce errors in the experiments.

Precaution:
• Balance was calibrated
• burette was conditioned

Conclusion: The calculated mass of CaCO3 for Tablet 1 and Tablet 2 were 120 mg and 280mg
respectively. The percentage mass of CaCO3 in Tums Antacid for Tablet 1 and Tablet 2 were 6% and
14% respectively.