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Wipair Series: RF Planning & Link Budget Calculation
Wipair Series: RF Planning & Link Budget Calculation
Wipair Series: RF Planning & Link Budget Calculation
RF Planning &
Link Budget Calculation
Link Budget Calculation
Gain
Gain it simply a ratio - Input x (Gain) = output
dB = “deci” + “Bell”
• It has no units
For example:
50dB= gain of 100,000
-50dB= Gain of 0.00001
For example:
Gain=> 1,000x1000=1,000,000
or 30dB+30dB=60dB
Link Budget Calculation
Rule of thumb:
Multiples of +10dB express magnitude (number of zeros).
Rule of thumb:
dB Gain
A little dB trick 0 1.00
Since it’s a log function it can be simplified. 0.5 1.12
By remembering few basic dB gain 1 1.26
relationships, most others can be estimated
2 1.58
through some very simple math.
3 2.00
4 2.51
7dB = 3dB + 3dB + 1dB 5 3.16
6 3.98
Coax
Coax
Radio "Radio"
Earth Bulge
Link Budget Calculation
Line of Sight
Free space loss can be easily calculated using the free space loss
formula:
f = Frequency [MHz]
d = Distance [km]
Link Budget Calculation
Transmit Power:
The amount of energy that the radio generates at the RF interface
(Antenna connector).
Receiver Sensitivity:
The minimum signal power that the radio receiver requires.
If the signal power is lower than the RX sensitivity, the radio will not
“see” the data and a physical link will not be established.
Antenna Gain:
Antenna does not “amplify” the signal. It only concentrates it in a
particular direction or pattern.
Before deploying any wireless link make sure the ‘Link Budget’ enables
RF connectivity with the required margin. Here is the “Go no go” test:
Pr = Tx + Gt + Gr - Lt – Lr- - Lp
Without sufficient SNR the wireless link will not be stable or not work at all !
Link Budget Calculation
Radio Specifications
Encryption & Security 128 AES & MAC level authentication 256 & 128 AES & MAC level authentication
Modulation BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM
FEC 1/2 1/2 3/4 1/2 3/4 2/3 3/4 5/6
Sensitivity @ 20 MHz (dBm) -87 -85 -83 -80 -78 -72 -70 -67
Link Budget Calculation
Noise Levels
Link Budget Calculation
Questions:
1) What will be the RSSI @ 1, 5 and 10 Km?
2) Will the link be stable at QPSK3/4 modulation?
3) Will the link be stable at 16QAM3/4 modulation?
Tested Solutions:
1) Competitor with integrated antenna of 15.5 dBi (MIMO)
2) WipAir with integrated antenna of 23 dBi (SISO)
Link Budget Calculation
What will be the RSSI @1, 5 and 10 Km of competitor 15.5 dBi antenna?
Pr = Tx + Gt + Gr - Lp - Lt - Lr
Link Budget Calculation
Without sufficient SNR the wireless link will not be stable or not work at all !
Link Budget Calculation
What will be the RSSI @1, 5 and 10 Km for WipAir 23 dBi antenna?
Pr = Tx + Gt + Gr - Lp - Lt - Lr
Link Budget Calculation
WipAir Performance
Same conditions, using WipAir equipped with integrated 23dBi Antenna
A wireless link will work under the following two physical conditions:
• Link Budget:
RSSI
SNR
LOS
Good Installation
Low Jitter
WipAir - the only unlicensed link that guarantees performance according to physical laws !
AIS - Interference Rejection
- Sensitivity
MIMO Modes
MIMO Advantages
• High Capacity
• Antenna Diversity
• Better Multipath performance over water or
over flat terrain
• NLOS performance at short distance
MIMO Disadvantages
• Higher cost radios
• Higher cost Antennas
• Both Antenna polarization are used, blocking the Spectrum of
the used channel
Link Budget Calculation
Summary
• Link Budget Calculation - critical for the success of the link.
• SNR - Operator must take into account the SNR for the required modulation / capacity.
• Size Does Matter – Higher system gain increases capacity and availability.
• AIS - The only technology that avoids false reception, guaranteeing link’s stability.
• NLOS – relevant mainly for short ranges
• MIMO or SISO – Depends on the needed capacity and ranges:
SISO is recommended for medium capacity links
MIMO is recommended for high capacity and long ranges
Gracias!
Thank you!
!תודה רבה
Sales@waveip.com