1.

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this design is to check the 508mm caisson against wave and current loading. The end of
the caisson is at -9m below MSL. It is supported at -4.5m,+6.5m and +12.2m. The critical section of the
member is the 11 m long span between the supports as -4.5m and +6.5m or the cantilever section
from -4.5m to 9m. Both the sections are checked for adequacy.

2. DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS
2.1 The handrails are checked using MATHCAD spreadsheet for the local stress caused by in-service loading.

2.2 Design checks are performed according to AISC - Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, Allowable
Stress Design

3. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Yield Strength Fy := 355  MPa

Poission Ratio := 0.3

Young's Modulus 5
E := 2.10  10  MPa

Shear Modulus 4
G := 8  10 MPa

kg
Density p := 7850 3
m
Corrosion C r := 10mm

Marine growth for elevation greater than -4.0m M g1 := 75mm

Marine growth for elevation between -4.0m and -20.0m M g2 := 50mm

Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A9-1 of A9-9 Rev :A

 4. SEA PARAMETERS
kg
Sea water density w := 1024 3
m

Maximum wave height (As per Structural Design H w := 14.4  m

Basis)
Corresponding maximum wave period Tw := 11.5  sec

Slamming coefficient (As per API-RP2A, Section C s := 5.5

C2.3.1b12 )

Permissible stress modifier Smod := 1.333

m
Current velocity corresponding to the maximum wave Vc := 0.4
direction sec

Damping ratio := 0.02

tonne
Marine growth density mg := 1.40 3
m

5. DESIGN CHECKS FOR WAVE SLAM AND FORCE DUE TO CURRENT

Diameter of the Caisson D o := 508mm

Effective diameter of the Caisson D := D o - 2C r = 488  mm

Diameter of the Caisson with marine growth ( to be used D mg1 := D o + M g1 = 583  mm

in wave slam and drag force calculation for the section
between -4.5m and +6.5m)

Diameter of the Caisson with marine growth ( to be used D mg2 := D o + M g2 = 558  mm

in wave slam and drag force calculation for the cantilever
section between -4.5m and -9.0m)

Thickness of the Caisson t o := 20mm

Effective thickness of the Caisson t := t o - C r = 10  mm

Length of the span between -4.5m and +6.5m Lb := 11m

Length of cantilever span Lc := 4.5m

2 2 2
 D - ( D - 2  t )
Cross Sectional Area (overall) 4
A :=  = 1.502  10  mm
4

Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A9-2 of A9-9 Rev :A

  D 4 - ( D - 2  t ) 4
Moment of Inertia I :=    = 4.291  108  mm 4
 64 

I 6 3
Section modulus of tubular member Zp := = 1.759  10  mm
D
 
2
Hw m
Maximum horizontal water particle velocity due to Vw :=  = 3.934
wave Tw s

5.1. CHECKS FOR THE SECTION BETWEEN THE SUPPORTS AT -4.5m AND +6.5m

The critical 11m long section between the supports at -4.5m and +6.5m of the Caisson is considered in the
design. The caisson is welded at the supports and hence the support condition is taken as fixed-fixed.

Wave slamming force on the member(Although the marine 2

C s  w  g  D mg1  Vw kN
growth is present only from -6.5m to 0m on the caisson, the Fsm := = 25.406 
increased dia is conisdered throughout the member 2 g m
conservatively)

Drag coefficient (for the rough caisson C d := 1.05

surface after corrosion)
m
Total horizontal particle velocity Vt := Vw + Vc = 4.334
s
2
C d  w  g  D mg1  Vt kN
Drag force acting on the caisson(Although the marine Fd1 := = 5.887 
growth is present only from -6.5m to 0m on the caisson, the 2 g m
increased dia is conisdered throughout the member
conservatively)
kN
Total force on the caisson Fc := Fsm + Fd1 = 31.292 
m

2
Fc  Lb
Maximum bending moment on the member M max := = 315.531  kN  m
12

Mmax
Maximum bending stress on the member bend := = 179.431  MPa
Zp

Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A9-3 of A9-9 Rev :A

 D 10340MPa
Allowable bending stress Fb := 0.75  Fy if 
t Fy

 1.74  Fy D  10340MPa D 20680MPa

 0.84 -   Fy if < 
 E t  Fy t Fy

 0.58  Fy D 
 0.72 -   Fy otherwise
 E t 

Fb = 247.243  MPa

bend
Unity check for moment UCb := = 0.726
Fb

Unity check result Check b := "NOT OK"

"OK" if UCb < 1

Check b = "OK"

Fc  Lb
Maximum shear force on the member R max := = 172.108  kN
2
R max
Maximum shear stress shear := = 22.922  MPa
0.5A

Allowable shear stress all := 0.4  Fy = 142  MPa

shear
Unity check for shear UCs := = 0.161
all

Unity check result

Check s := "NOT OK"
"OK" if UCs < 1

Check s = "OK"
4
1 Fc  Lb
Member deflection 1 := 384  = 13.241  mm
E I

Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A9-4 of A9-9 Rev :A

 Lb
Allowable deflection all := = 30.556  mm
360

Check defl := "OK" if all  1

Deflection check
"NOT OK" otherwise

Deflection check result Check defl = "OK"

5.2. CHECKS FOR THE CANTILEVER SECTION BETWEEN -4.5m AND -9.0m
2
Wave slamming force on the member C s  w  g  D mg2  Vw kN
Fsm := = 24.316 
2 g m

Drag coefficient (for the rough caisson C d := 1.05

surface after corrosion)
m
Total horizontal particle velocity Vt := Vw + Vc = 4.334
s
2
C d  w  g  D mg2  Vt kN
Drag force acting on the caisson Fd1 := = 5.634 
2 g m

kN
Total force on the caisson Fc := Fsm + Fd1 = 29.95 
m
2
Fc  Lc
Maximum bending moment on the member M max := = 303.248  kN  m
2

Mmax
Maximum bending stress on the member bend := = 172.447  MPa
Zp

Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A9-5 of A9-9 Rev :A

 D 10340MPa
Allowable bending stress Fb := 0.75  Fy if 
t Fy

 1.74  Fy D  10340MPa D 20680MPa

 0.84 -   Fy if < 
 E t  Fy t Fy

 0.58  Fy D 
 0.72 -   Fy otherwise
 E t 

Fb = 247.243  MPa

bend
Unity check for moment UCb := = 0.697
Fb

Unity check result Check b := "NOT OK"

"OK" if UCb < 1

Check b = "OK"

Maximum shear force on the member R max := Fc  Lc = 134.777  kN

R max
Maximum shear stress shear := = 17.95  MPa
0.5A

Allowable shear stress all := 0.4  Fy = 142  MPa

shear
Unity check for shear UCs := = 0.126
all

Unity check result

Check s := "NOT OK"
"OK" if UCs < 1

Check s = "OK"
4
1 Fc  Lc
Member deflection 1 :=  = 17.038  mm
8 E I

Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A9-6 of A9-9 Rev :A

 Lc
Allowable deflection all := = 25  mm
180

Check defl := "OK" if all  1

Deflection check
"NOT OK" otherwise

Deflection check result Check defl = "OK"

6. CHECK FOR VORTEX INDUCED VIBRATION

6.1. CHECKS FOR THE SECTION BETWEEN THE SUPPORTS AT -4.5m AND +6.5m

Marine growth thickness t mr := 75mm

Total Outside Diameter(inclusive of marine growth) OD := D + 2  tmr = 638  mm

2 2 2
Area (Cross section) Av :=  D - ( D - 2  t)  = 0.015 m
4
2 2
Area (Hollow area) Ah :=  ( D - 2  t ) = 0.172 m
4

8 4
Moment of Inertia I = 4.291  10  mm

Effective mass (kg/m) = Selfweight + Added Mass + Marine Growth Mass

kg
Selfweight M sw := p  Av = 117.882 m

2 kg
Added Mass M am :=  OD  w = 327.364
4 m

Marine Growth Mass M mg :=

4
2
(
2
 OD - D  mg = 185.715 )
kg
m
kg
Effective Mass M e := Msw + M am + M mg = 630.961
m

Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A9-7 of A9-9 Rev :A

 Natural Frequency

Constant for natural frequency C n := 22.4 (For fixed-fixed condition)

Cn E I
Natural Frequency f :=  = 11.134  Hz
2 4
Me  Lb

Stability Parameter

Logarithmic Decrement of Structural Damping := 2   = 0.126

2  Me 
Stability Parameter Ks := = 0.65
2
w D

Vc
Reduced Velocity Vr := = 0.056
f  OD

Check for in line vortex shedding (Ref. Check in := "NOT OK" if 1 < Vr < 3.5  Ks < 1.8
STDS-ST-SPE-1-0001-01-00-00)
"OK"

Check in = "OK"

6.2. CHECKS FOR THE CANTILEVER SECTION BETWEEN -4.5m AND -9.0m

Marine growth thickness t mr := 50mm

Total Outside Diameter(inclusive of marine growth) OD := D + 2  tmr = 588  mm

2 2 2
Area (Cross section) Av :=  D - ( D - 2  t)  = 0.015 m
4
2 2
Area (Hollow area) Ah :=  ( D - 2  t ) = 0.172 m
4

8 4
Moment of Inertia I = 4.291  10  mm

Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A9-8 of A9-9 Rev :A

 Effective mass (kg/m) = Selfweight + Added Mass + Marine Growth Mass
kg
Selfweight M sw := p  Av = 117.882 m

2 kg
Added Mass M am :=  OD  w = 278.064
4 m

Marine Growth Mass M mg :=

4
2
(
2
 OD - D  mg = 118.312
kg
m
)
kg
Effective Mass M e := Msw + M am + M mg = 514.258
m

Natural Frequency

Constant for natural frequency C n := 3.52 (For cantilever condition)

Cn E I
Natural Frequency f :=  = 1.938  Hz
2 4
Me  Lb

Stability Parameter

Logarithmic Decrement of Structural Damping := 2   = 0.126

2  Me 
Stability Parameter Ks := = 0.53
2
w D

Vc
Reduced Velocity Vr := = 0.351
f  OD

Check for in line vortex shedding (Ref. Check in := "NOT OK" if 1 < Vr < 3.5  Ks < 1.8
STDS-ST-SPE-1-0001-01-00-00)
"OK"

Check in = "OK"

7. CONCLUSION
The 508mmx20mm caisson was checked for adequacy against against the wave slam force as required by
STDS-ST-SPE-1-0001-01-00-00 Section 8.5 ,the drag force due to current and wave after allowing for a
corrosion of 10mm (as required by the basis of design) and against vortex induced vibration and was found
to be adequate.

Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A9-9 of A9-9 Rev :A