FOUNDATION TYPE SELECTION

Check For Isolated Footing

For building

C1 = 350mm x 350mm
Number of Column C1=13 Total= 40
Maximum axial load, Pu = 1878.259 kN
Service load, P = Pu/1.5 = 1252.173 kN
Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil (SBC) = 100 kN/m2
For the load combination which includes the earthquake load,
the bearing capacity can be increased by 50% (IS 1893:2002, Cl.6.3.5.2).
So, for load combination with earthquake load, SBC = 150 kN/m2

Now,
Approximate area = 1.20*Service load/Bearing Capacity of Soil
A = 1.20*1252.173/150
= 10.017 m2

Let us consider a square footing. Then,

Size of footing = ÖA = Ö7.064 3.165 m
Provide 3.5m x 3.5m Square footing. =

Net Pressure on soil = Factored load/Area of footing

= 1878.259/(3.5*3.5) = 153.327 kN/m2

Therefore, Area occupied by 40 footings = 40*(3.5*3.5) = 490 m2

Plinth area of building = 522.86 m2

50% of Plinth area of building = 261.430 m2

Since area occupied by isolated footings is greater than 50% of plinth area,
Mat Foundation is necessary.
 Input Data

Footing
Area(A)=
Service
Load /
S.N Column Axial-load Service Load Bearing
Pu/1.5 Capacity
1 A-1 1160.645 773.7633333 9.28516
2 A-2 960.382 640.2546667 7.683056
3 A-3 716.498 477.6653333 5.731984
4 A-4 720.269 480.1793333 5.762152
5 A-5 993.303 662.202 7.946424
6 A-6 1212.953 808.6353333 9.703624
7 B-1 1433.413 955.6086667 11.467304
8 B-2 960.075 640.05 7.6806
9 B-3 597.741 398.494 4.781928
10 B-4 598.502 399.0013333 4.788016
11 B-5 957.689 638.4593333 7.661512
12 B-6 1444.638 963.092 11.557104
13 C-1 1653.701 1102.467333 13.229608
14 C-2 1024.67 683.1133333 8.19736
15 C-3 620.327 413.5513333 4.962616
16 C-4 621.19 414.1266667 4.96952
17 C-5 1012.945 675.2966667 8.10356
18 C-6 1654.114 1102.742667 13.232912
19 D-7 217.284 144.856 1.738272
20 D-8 217.518 145.012 1.740144
21 E-7 236.225 157.4833333 1.8898
22 E-8 237.596 158.3973333 1.900768
23 F-1 1878.258 1252.172 15.026064
24 F-2 1167.211 778.1406667 9.337688
25 F-3 343.631 229.0873333 2.749048
26 F-4 348.238 232.1586667 2.785904
27 F-5 1162.243 774.8286667 9.297944
28 F-6 1878.33 1252.22 15.02664
29 G-1 1775.736 1183.824 14.205888
30 G-2 1263.268 842.1786667 10.106144
31 G-3 1400.199 933.466 11.201592
32 G-4 1388.862 925.908 11.110896
33 G-5 1253.443 835.6286667 10.027544
34 G-6 1775.558 1183.705333 14.204464
35 H-1 1122.88 748.5866667 8.98304
36 H-2 1063.079 708.7193333 8.504632
37 H-3 1378.157 918.7713333 11.025256
38 H-4 1348.695 899.13 10.78956
39 H-5 1043.863 695.9086667 8.350904
40 H-6 1122.769 748.5126667 8.982152
Total 41966.098 27977.39867 335.72878

Plinth area of building= 522.86 m^2

50% of Plinth area= 261.43 m^2

Area of Isolated Footing= 335.73 m^2

Since area covered by isolated footing is greater than 50 % of the plinth area
of the building, so mat foundation is required and thus ,provided.

Location of centroid of resultant force

X- Y-
S.N Column Axial-load Coordinat Coordinat
e (m) e (m) P*X P*Y

1 A-1 1160.645 0 0 0 0
2 A-2 960.382 5.792 0 5562.533 0
3 A-3 716.498 9.069 0 6497.92 0
4 A-4 720.269 13.565 0 9770.449 0
5 A-5 993.303 17.222 0 17106.66 0
6 A-6 1212.953 22.4028 0 27173.54 0
7 B-1 1433.413 0 3.2 0 4586.922
8 B-2 960.075 5.792 3.2 5560.754 3072.24
9 B-3 597.741 9.069 3.2 5420.913 1912.771
10 B-4 598.502 13.565 3.2 8118.68 1915.206
11 B-5 957.689 17.222 3.2 16493.32 3064.605
12 B-6 1444.638 22.4028 3.2 32363.94 4622.842
13 C-1 1653.701 0 7.847 0 12976.59
14 C-2 1024.67 5.792 7.847 5934.889 8040.585
15 C-3 620.327 9.069 7.847 5625.746 4867.706
16 C-4 621.19 13.565 7.847 8426.442 4874.478
17 C-5 1012.945 17.222 7.847 17444.94 7948.579
18 C-6 1654.114 22.4028 7.847 37056.79 12979.83
 19 D-7 217.284 9.9822 9.4234 2168.972 2047.554
20 D-8 217.518 12.4206 9.4234 2701.704 2049.759
21 E-7 236.225 9.9822 12.0142 2358.045 2838.054
22 E-8 237.596 12.4206 12.0142 2951.085 2854.526
23 F-1 1878.258 0 12.495 0 23468.83
24 F-2 1167.211 5.792 12.495 6760.486 14584.3
25 F-3 343.631 9.069 12.495 3116.39 4293.669
26 F-4 348.238 13.565 12.495 4723.848 4351.234
27 F-5 1162.243 17.222 12.495 20016.15 14522.23
28 F-6 1878.33 22.4028 12.495 42079.85 23469.73
29 G-1 1775.736 0 17.143 0 30441.44
30 G-2 1263.268 5.792 17.143 7316.848 21656.2
31 G-3 1400.199 9.069 17.143 12698.4 24003.61
32 G-4 1388.862 13.565 17.143 18839.91 23809.26
33 G-5 1253.443 17.222 17.143 21586.8 21487.77
34 G-6 1775.558 22.4028 17.143 39777.47 30438.39
35 H-1 1122.88 0 22.4028 0 25155.66
36 H-2 1063.079 5.792 22.4028 6157.354 23815.95
37 H-3 1378.157 9.069 22.4028 12498.51 30874.58
38 H-4 1348.695 13.565 22.4028 18295.05 30214.54
39 H-5 1043.863 17.222 22.4028 17977.41 23385.45
40 H-6 1122.769 22.4028 22.4028 25153.17 25153.17
Total 41966.098 Total 475735 475778.3

Along X-Direction Along Y-Direction

∑▒ 〖 (𝑃∗𝑌)/∑
X=∑▒ 〖 (𝑃∗𝑋)/∑▒ Y=
𝑃〗 ▒𝑃 〗

X= 11.33617334 m Y= 11.33721 m

Location of geometric Centroid of Column

X- Y-
S.N Column Area Coordinat Coordinat
e (m) e (m) A*X A*Y

1 A-1 0.36 0 0 0 0
2 A-2 0.36 5.792 0 2.08512 0
3 A-3 0.36 9.069 0 3.26484 0
4 A-4 0.36 13.565 0 4.8834 0
5 A-5 0.36 17.222 0 6.19992 0
 6 A-6 0.36 22.4028 0 8.065008 0
7 B-1 0.36 0 3.2 0 1.152
8 B-2 0.36 5.792 3.2 2.08512 1.152
9 B-3 0.36 9.069 3.2 3.26484 1.152
10 B-4 0.36 13.565 3.2 4.8834 1.152
11 B-5 0.36 17.222 3.2 6.19992 1.152
12 B-6 0.36 22.4028 3.2 8.065008 1.152
13 C-1 0.36 0 7.847 0 2.82492
14 C-2 0.36 5.792 7.847 2.08512 2.82492
15 C-3 0.36 9.069 7.847 3.26484 2.82492
16 C-4 0.36 13.565 7.847 4.8834 2.82492
17 C-5 0.36 17.222 7.847 6.19992 2.82492
18 C-6 0.36 22.4028 7.847 8.065008 2.82492
19 D-7 0.2025 9.9822 9.4234 2.021396 1.908239
20 D-8 0.2025 12.4206 9.4234 2.515172 1.908239
21 E-7 0.2025 9.9822 12.0142 2.021396 2.432876
22 E-8 0.2025 12.4206 12.0142 2.515172 2.432876
23 F-1 0.36 0 12.495 0 4.4982
24 F-2 0.36 5.792 12.495 2.08512 4.4982
25 F-3 0.36 9.069 12.495 3.26484 4.4982
26 F-4 0.36 13.565 12.495 4.8834 4.4982
27 F-5 0.36 17.222 12.495 6.19992 4.4982
28 F-6 0.36 22.4028 12.495 8.065008 4.4982
29 G-1 0.36 0 17.143 0 6.17148
30 G-2 0.36 5.792 17.143 2.08512 6.17148
31 G-3 0.36 9.069 17.143 3.26484 6.17148
32 G-4 0.36 13.565 17.143 4.8834 6.17148
33 G-5 0.36 17.222 17.143 6.19992 6.17148
34 G-6 0.36 22.4028 17.143 8.065008 6.17148
35 H-1 0.36 0 22.4028 0 8.065008
36 H-2 0.36 5.792 22.4028 2.08512 8.065008
37 H-3 0.36 9.069 22.4028 3.26484 8.065008
38 H-4 0.36 13.565 22.4028 4.8834 8.065008
39 H-5 0.36 17.222 22.4028 6.19992 8.065008
40 H-6 0.36 22.4028 22.4028 8.065008 8.065008
Total 13.77 Total 156.0629 144.9519

Along X-Direction Along Y-Direction

∑▒ 〖 (𝐴∗𝑌)/∑
X=∑▒ 〖 (𝐴∗𝑋)/∑▒ Y=
𝐴〗 ▒𝐴 〗

X= 11.33354118 m Y= 10.52664 m
Hence eccentricity is

ex= 0.002632165 m ey= 0.810562 m

Moment along X- direction= P* ex= 34016.141 KN-m

Moment along Y-direction= P*ey= 110.46171 KN-m

Taking 0.3 m boundary in all direction

Moment of Inertia
b=d= 22.4068m b'=d'= 22.4068+0.6= 23.0068 m

Ixx=Iyy= bd^3/12
Ixx=Iyy= 23347.6741 m^4
Area of Foundation= 529.31285 m^2

Soil Pressure at each corner

σ= P/A ± My/Iy *x ± Mx/Ix*y P/A= 79.28411

SN Column X-coordinate Y-coordinate

ft in m ft in
A-1 -36 -9 -11.804 -36 -9
B-1 -36 -9 -11.804 -26 -3
C-1 -36 -9 -11.804 -11 0
F-1 -36 -9 -11.804 4 3
G-1 -36 -9 -11.804 19 6
H-1 -36 -9 -11.804 36 9
A-2 -17 -9 -6.012 -36 -9
A-3 -7 0 -2.734 -36 -9
A-4 7 9 2.963 -36 -9
A-5 17 9 6.012 -36 -9
A-6 36 9 11.804 -36 -9
H-1 -36 -9 -11.804 36 9
H-2 -17 -9 -6.012 36 9
H-3 -7 0 -2.734 36 9
H-4 7 9 2.963 36 9
 H-5 17 9 4.812 36 9
H-6 36 9 11.804 36 9
B-6 36 9 11.804 -26 -3
C-6 36 9 11.804 -11 0
F-6 36 9 11.804 4 3
G-6 36 9 11.804 19 6

In the x-direction raft is divided into 6 strips

(i) Beam A-A with 3.22m width and soil pressure of 0.5( 62.142 + 62.142)=
(ii) Beam B-B with 3.94 m width and soil pressure of 0.5 (66.806 +73.580)=
(iii) Beam C-C with 4.65m width and soil pressure of 0.5 (73.580 +82.102 )=
(iv) Beam F-F with 4.65m width and soil pressure of 0.5( 82.102 + 88.876)=
(v) Beam G-G with 4.95m width and soil pressure of 0.5(88.876 +96.496)=
(vi) Beam H-H with 2.03m width and soil pressure of 0.5 (96.538 +96.538)=

In the Y- direction raft is divided into 6 strips

(i) Beam 1-1 with 3.49m width and soil pressure of 0.5 (96.426+96.426)=
(ii) Beam 2-2 with 4.5m width and soil pressure of 0.5 (96.426+96.426)=
(iii) Beam 3-3 with 3.88m width and soil pressure of 0.5 (96.426+96.426)=
(iv) Beam 4-4 with 3.78m width and soil pressure of 0.5 (96.426+96.426)=
(v) Beam 5-5 with 4.42m width and soil pressure of 0.5 (96.426+96.426)=
(vi) Beam 6-6 with 3.49m width and soil pressure of 0.5 (96.426+96.426)=

The bending moment is obtained by using a coefficient of 1/10 at support and a coefficient of
1/12 at mid span

IS 456 : 2000 Support Moment= WL^2/10

Table 12 Span Moment= WL^2/12

For X-direction
L= 5.79 m

Strip Stress (W) Support Moment(KN-

(KN/m^2) m/m)
A-A 62.142 208.325
B-B 70.193 235.315
C-C 77.841 260.954
F-F 85.489 286.594
G-G 92.707 310.792
H-H 96.538 323.635
 For Y-direction
L= 5.26 m

Strip Stress (W) Support Moment (KN-

KN/m^2 m/m)
1--1 96.426 266.788
2--2 96.426 266.788
3--3 96.426 266.788
4--4 96.426 266.788
5--5 96.426 266.788
6--6 96.426 266.788

Thickness of Footing

Generally the depth of raft is Governed by two-way shear

IS 456 : 2000
Cl.31.6.3.1 Shear stress at critical section = Ks * τc
βc= longer side / shorter side (of colonm)
βc= 1
τc= 0.25√𝑓𝑐𝑘

τc= 1.25 N/mm^2

τcritical=Ks * τc= 1* 1.25

= 1.25 N/mm^2

We have,
Shear Stress τc= V/(Po *d)
where, V= axial force
Po= Perimeter for critical shear

For Section A-A,

Maximum Shear Force= 1819.4295 KN
Perimeter,Po= (D+d)*4
Po= (600+d)*4 mm
That gives,
1.25= (1819.43*1000)/((d*(600+d)*4)
Solving
d= 373.71 mm
 Adopt Depth= 700 mm
Effective Cover= 50 mm
Overall depth= 750 mm

Now,
Maximum Support Moment= 323.635 KN-m/m (for H-H)

Depth of footing from moment consideration

= Ö(M/(0.138*fck*b))
= 306.2797592 mm < 450mm

So , provide depth = 700 mm

Calculation of steel requirement at support

IS 456 : 2000

(Annex G, G-1.1b) BM = 0.87 fy Ast (d - fy/fck*Ast/b)

323.635*10^6 = 0.87*415* Ast (700
- 415/25*Ast/1000)
Solving,
Ast = 1321.97 mm2

Minimum reinforcement = 0.12% bD

= 0.12/100*1000*750
= 900
< Ast OK

Provide 20 mm dia. Reinforcement bars.

Spacing = (1000/1321.97)*Π*20^2/4
= 237.645 mm

Let us provide spacing = 200 mm

< 3d = 1800 mm

Astprovided = (1000/200)*p*20^2/4
= 1570.79633 mm^2

Now, % of Steel = 1427.9967/(1000*650)*100

= 0.224399 %

Provide 20 mm bars @ 200 mm c/c at top and

bottom in both directions.
Y-coordinate Stress Remark
m
-11.804 62.030 <150
-8.603 66.694 <150
-3.954 73.468 <150
1.896 81.990 <150
6.545 88.764 <150
11.804 96.426 <150
-11.804 62.058 <150
-11.804 62.073 <150
-11.804 62.100 <150
-11.804 62.114 <150
-11.804 62.142 <150
11.804 96.426 <150
11.804 96.454 <150
11.804 96.469 <150
11.804 96.496 <150
 11.804 96.505 <150
11.804 96.538 <150
-8.603 66.806 <150
-3.954 73.580 <150
1.896 82.102 <150
6.545 88.876 <150

62.142 KN/m^2
70.193 KN/m^2
77.841 KN/m^2
85.489 KN/m^2
92.707 KN/m^2
96.538 KN/m^2

96.426 KN/m^2
96.426 KN/m^2
96.426 KN/m^2
96.426 KN/m^2
96.426 KN/m^2
96.426 KN/m^2

support and a coefficient of