CANTILEVER OR STRAP FOOTING

A strap footing is used to connect an eccentrically loaded column footing to an interior

column. The strap is used to transmit the moment caused from an eccentricity to the
interior column footing so that a uniform soil pressure is generated beneath both
footings. The strap footing may be used instead of a rectangular or trapezoidal
combined footing if the distance between columns is large and / or the allowable soil
pressure is relatively large so that the additional footing area is not needed.
This is a special type of footing used for two columns. The two columns are provided by
two separate footings connected by a rigid beam called "strap beam"

Three basic considerations for strap footing design are these:

1. Strap must be rigid perhaps Strap/Footing > 2.
This rigidity is necessary to control rotation of the exterior footing
2. Footings should be proportioned for approximately equal soil pressures and
avoidance of large differences in B to reduce differential settlement.
3. Strap should be out of contact with soil so that there are no soil reactions
It is common to neglect the strap weight in the design. The strap should be adequately
attached to the both the column and the footing by the use of dowels such that the
footing and the strap act as unit. The footing is subjected to one-way bending. The strap
beam is reinforced with main reinforcement at top between the columns and at bottom
under the interior footing.
STEPS (STRAP FOOTING CASE 1: Design)
Step 1

Compute the dimension of footing 1 which is a rectangular cross section so that it will

have uniform soil pressure diagrams

a.) Unfactored column load

Unfactored column load 1 Unfactored column load 2

P1 = DL + LL P2 = DL + LL

b.) Factored column load

Factored column load 1 Factored column load 2

Pu 1 = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL Pu 2 = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL

Total Pu = Pu 1 + Pu 2

c.) Find R1

∑ M R 2=0 ↻+¿ ¿ ∑ F v =0 ↑ +

d.) Ultimate Upward Soil Pressure q u

qa ( P u1 + Pu 2 )
q u=
P1+ P 2

e.) Area of footing 1

R1
A footing1=
qu

Find the value of B1

L1 ( B1 ) =¿ A footing1
Step 2

Compute the dimension of footing 2 ( square footing ) so that it will have uniform soil

pressure diagram.

a.) Area of Footing 2

Find the value of L

R2
A footing2=
qu

Find the value of L

Step 3

Determine the depths of both footings 1 and 2

a.) Soil pressure for footing 1 and 2

R1 R2
q 1= q 2=
L1 L2

b.) Shear force (based on the diagram)

c.) Critical section for shear at a distance “d” from the face of the column.

d.) Find the Total depth

STEP 4

Determine the reinforcement requirements for both footing 1 and 2

STEP 5

Determine the maximum design shear and moment for the strap beam.

STEP 6

Design the reinforcement of the strap beam.

STRAP FOOTING CASE 1: Design

A strap footing carries the given loads as shown in the figure. Both columns are

350 mm square. Allowable bearing capacity of soil is 130 kPa. The columns are spaced

at 6.0 m apart. Assume that the strap should be out of contact of soil so that there are

no soil reactions to modify the design assumptions: fc=21 Mpa, fy=414 Mpa, main bar

diameter = 25 mm, temperature bar diameter = 12mm, strap bar diameter = 20 mm,

concrete cover = 75mm, effective depth of footing = 450 mm, width of strap = 800mm, L

= 2.8 m , Use normal weight concrete = 0

Given:

Column size = 350mm x 350mm d bm = 25 mm

(exterior and interior) d bt = 12 mm

fc= 21 Mpa d strap = 20 mm

fy= 414 Mpa Concrete Cover = 75mm

for exterior column: effective depth of footing =

450mm

DL = 300 KN width of strap = 800mm

LL = 250 KN L = 2.8m

For interior column: normal weight concrete = 0

DL = 450 KN
LL = 400 KN

SOLUTION:

Step 1

Compute the dimension of footing 1 which is a rectangular cross section so that it will

have uniform soil pressure diagrams

a.) Unfactored column load

Unfactored column load 1 Unfactored column load 2

P1 = DL + LL P2 = DL + LL

P1 = 300 KN + 250 KN P2 = 450 KN + 400 KN

P1 = 550 KN P2 = 850 KN

Total P = P1 + P2

Total P = 550 KN + 850 KN

Total P = 1400 KN

b.) Factored column load (NSCP 2015)

Factored column load 1 Factored column load 2

Pu 1 = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL Pu 2 = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL

Pu 1 = 1.2 (300 KN) + 1.6 (250 KN) Pu 2 = 1.2 (450 KN) + 1.6 (400 KN)

Pu 1 = 845 KN Pu 2 = 1310 KN

Total Pu = Pu 1 + Pu 2

Total Pu = 845 KN + 1310 KN

Total Pu = 2155 KN
c.) Find R1

∑ M R 2=0 ↻+¿ ¿ ∑ F v =0 ↑ +

845 KN (6 m)
R 1= R2=845 KN +1310 KN −1061.78 KN
4.775m

R1=1061.78 KN R2=¿1093.22 KN

d.) Ultimate Upward Soil Pressure q u

qa ( P u1 + Pu 2 )
q u=
P1+ P 2

130(2155 KN )
q u=
1440 KN

q u=200.11 kPa

e.) Area of footing 1

R1
A footing1=
qu

1061.78 KN
A footing1=
200.11 kPa

A footing1=5.3 m 2

L1 ( B1 ) =5.3 m22.8 m ( B1 ) =5.3 m2

B1 = 1.90 m

Use = 2.8 m x 1.9 m for footing 1

Step 2
Compute the dimension of footing 2 ( square footing ) so that it will have uniform soil

pressure diagram.

a.) Area of Footing 2

R2
A footing2=
qu

1093.22 KN
L2 =
200.11 kPa

L2=2.34 m

Use = 2.34 m x 2.34 m for footing 2

Step 3

Determine the depths of both footings 1 and 2

a.) Soil pressure for footing 1 and 2

R1 R2
q 1= q 2=
L1 L2

1061.78 KN 1093.22 KN
q 1= q 2=
2.8 m 2.34 m

KN KN
q 1=379.21 q 2=467.19
m m
 b.) Shear force

KN
(
V A = 379.21
m )
( 0.35 m )−845 Kn

V A =−712.277 KN

KN
V B =−712.277 KN +379.21
m

+ (2.8m – 0.35m)

V B =216.788 KN

V c =¿ V B =216.788 KN

KN 2.34 m−0.35 m
(
V D=216.788 KN +¿ 467.19
m
( ) 2
¿

V D=681.6421 KN

KN
(
V E=681.6421 KN −1310 KN + 467.19
m )
( 0.35 m )

V E=−464.841 KN

KN
V F=−464.841 KN +¿ 467.19 ) (0.995 m)
m

V F=0

c.) Critical section for shear at a distance “d” from the face of the column.

Footing 1:

V u= (712.277 KN −379.21 d )

1
∅V n = ∅ ( ¿ (√ f ' c ¿ bd
6

Where b = 1.9m
Location on maximum moment of

Footing 1 (shear is zero)

379.21y – 845 = 0

Y = 2.23m

(−712.277 KN ) ( 2.23m)
M max =
2

M max = -794.188 kN – m

( 216.788 kN ) (0.572 m)
M B = -794.188 kN +
2

M B = -732.187 kN – m

From the shear and moment diagram (Beam Shear)

1
V u = ∅V n = ∅ ( ) ( √ f ' c ) bd
6

V u = (712.277 – 379.21d) (1000)

1
∅V n = 0.85 ( ) ( √ 21 ) (1900) (d) (1000)
6

Equate V u and ∅V n .̇

1
(712.277 – 379.21d) (1000) = 0.85 ( ) ( √ 21 ) (1900) (d) (1000)
6

d = 0.441664 m say d = 450 mm

Punching Shear

V u = 845 – 200.11 (0.9) (0.575)

V u = 752.9494 kN

1
∅V n = ∅ ( )( ' ) bd
3 √f c o

Where b o = 2 (575) + 800 = 1950mm

1
∅V n = (0.85) ( ) ( √ 21 ) (1950) (0.45)
3

∅V n = 1139.33 kN

Check .̇ ∅V n > V u

1139.33 kN > 752.9494 kN (safe)

Footing 2 .̇

Check depth of footing 2 .̇

Using d = 450 mm

Beam Shear

V u = 681.6421 – 467.19 (0.45)

V u = 471.4066 kN

Check .̇ ∅V n > V u

1139.33 kN > 471.4066 kN (safe)

Punching Shear .̇

V u = 1310 – (200.11) (0.82 )

V u = 1181.93kN
 1
∅V n = ∅ ( )( ' ) bd
3 √f c o

Where b o = 4 (800) = 3200mm

1
∅V n = (0.75) ( ) ( 21 ) (3200) (0.45)
3 √

∅V n = 1869.672kN

Check .̇ ∅V n > V u

1869.672kN > 1181.93kN (safe)

d) Total depth

Total depth = 450 + 75

Total depth = 525 mm

.̈ Use footing thickness of 525 mm for footing 1 and 2

Step 4

Reinforcement requirements

For footing 1 :

M u = 794.188kN – m (from moment diagram)

M u = ∅ (f’c) (w) (b) (d 2) (1- 0.59w)

794.188 (106 ) = (0.91) (21) (1900) (450 2) (w) (1- 0.59w)

w = 0.117339

w( f ' c) 0.117339(21)
p= =
fy 414

p = 0.00595
 1.4
pmin =
fy

1.4
pmin = = 0.00338
414

Use p = 0.00595

A s = pbd = 0.00595 (1900) (450)

A s = 5089 mm2

Using 25 mm ∅ bars

5089
N= π
(25)2
4

N = 10.37 say 11 pcs.

Use 11 – 25mm ∅ bars on top

Along transverse direction:

845
qu =
1.9(0.575)

q u = 773.4554kPa

0.775
M u = 773.4554 (0.775) (0.575) ( )
2

M u = 133.56kN – m

M u = ∅ (f’c) (b) (d 2) (w) (1 – 0.59w)

w = 0.06303

w( f ' c) 0.06303(21)
p= =
fy 414

p = 0.0032
 1.4
pmin =
fy

1.4
pmin = = 0.00338
414

Use p = 0.00338

A s = pbd = 0.00338 (575) (450)

A s = 876 mm2

Using 12 mm ∅ bars

876
N= π
(12 ¿ ¿ 2) ¿
4

N = 7.75 say 8 pcs.

Use 8 - 12mm ∅ bars at the bottom

For the remaining 2.225m, use q u = 200.11 kPa

M u = 133.56 kN – m

M u = ∅ (f ’c) (b) (d 2) (w) (1 – 0.59w)

133.56 ( 106 ) = (0.91) (21) (2225) (450 2) (w) (1- 0.59w)

w = 0.01585

w( f ' c) 0.01585(21)
p= =
fy 414

p = 0.00338

1.4
pmin =
fy

1.4
pmin = = 0.0034
414

Use p = 0.0034
A s = pbd = 0.0034 (2225) (450)

A s = 3386 mm2

Using 12 mm ∅ bars

3386
N= π
(12 ¿ ¿ 2) ¿
4

N = 29.93 say 30 pcs.

Use 30 – 12 mm ∅ bars at the bottom

For footing 2:

0.995
M u = 200.11 (2.34) (0.995) ( )
2

M u = 231.79 kN – m

Use M u = 254.17 kN – m

M u = ∅ (f ‘ c) (w) (b) (d 2) (1 – 0.59w)

254.17 9¿ ¿) = (0.91) (21) (2340) (995) (450 2) (w) (1- 0.59w)

w = 0.0289

w( f ' c) 0.0289(21)
p= =
fy 414

p = 0.0015

1.4
pmin =
fy

1.4
pmin = = 0.0034
414

Use p = 0.0034

A s = pbd = 0.0034 (2340) (450)

A s = 3561 mm2

Using 25 mm ∅ bars

3561
N= π
(25 ¿ ¿ 2)¿
4

N = 7.25 say 8 pcs.

Use 8 - 25mm ∅ bars on each side of footing

Step 5

Maximum design of shear and moment of strap beam

Reinforcement of strap beam:

(From the shear and moment diagram)

V u = 216.79kN

M u = -732.2kN – m

1
∅V n = 0.85 ( ) ( f ' c (b) (d)
6 √

1
∅V n = 0.85 ( ) ( 21 (800) (d) (1000)
6 √
d = 0.4174 m

d = 420mm

1 ( 0.85 ) ( f ' c ) ( B ) (600)

p=
2 ( fy ) ( fy+600)

1 ( 0.85 )( 21 ) ( 1 )(600)
p=
2 ( 414 ) ( 414+ 600)

p = 0.0108

A s = pbd = 0.0108 (800) (450)

A s = 3644 mm2

3644
N= π
(20 ¿ ¿ 2)¿
4

N = 11.59 say 12 pcs.

Use 12 – 20 mm ∅ bars