Physics

A 20.0 kg suitcase is raised 3.0 m above a platform. How

much work is done on the
suitcase?

•What is the component of F in the direction of d?

Fcos q
•If the angle is 90°, what is the component of F in the
direction of d?
Fcos 90° = 0

•If the angle is 0°, what is the component of F in the

direction of d?
F cos 0° = F

A girl playing tug-of-war with her dog pulls the dog a

distance of 8.0m by exerting
a force at an angle of 18° with the horizontal.

If the amount of work the girl does in pulling the dog is 190
J, what is the
magnitude of the force?

Your car has run out of gas. Fortunately, there is a gas

station nearby. You must
exert a force of 715 N on the car in order to move it. By the
time you reach the
station, you have done 2720 J of work.

How far have you pushed the car?A Shopper in a

supermarket pushes a cart with a force of 35N directed at
an angle
of 25° downward from the horizontal.
Find the work done by the shopper on the cart as the
shopper moves along a 50.0
m length of aisle.

A weightlifter lifts a set of weights a vertical distance of

2.00m. If a constant net
force of 350N is exerted on the weights, what is the net work
done on the weights?

During World War II, 16 huge wooden hangers were built for
United States Navy
airships. The hangars were over 300 m long and had a
maximum height of 52.0 m.
Imagine a 40.0 kg block being lifted by a winch
from the ground to the top of the hangar’s ceiling. If the
winch does 2.08 × 104 J of
work in lifting the block, what force is exerted on the block?

The Warszawa Radio mast in Warsaw, Poland, is 646 m

tall, making it the tallest
human-built structure. Suppose a worker raises some tools
to the top of the tower
by means of a small elevator. If 2.15 × 105 J of
work is done in lifting the tools, what is the force exerted on
them?

If 2.0 J of work is done in raising a 180 g apple, how far is

this lifted
A hummingbird has a mass of about 1.7 g. Suppose a
hummingbird does 0.15 J of
work against gravity, so that it ascends straight up with a net
acceleration of 1.2 m/
s2. How far up does it move?

If a neighbours pushes a lawnmower 4 times as far as you

do but exerts only half
the force. Which one of you does more work and by how
much?

In 1453, during the siege of Constantinople, the Turks used

a cannon capable of
launching a stone cannonball with a mass of 5.40 × 102 kg.
Suppose a soldier
dropped a cannonball with this mass while trying to load it
into the cannon. The
cannonball rolled down a hill that made an angle of 30.0°
with the horizontal. If
5.30 × 104 J of work was done by gravity on the cannonball
as it rolled down a hill,
how far did it roll?

The longest shish kebab ever made was 881.0 m long.

Suppose the meat and
vegetables need to be delivered in a cart from one end of
this shish kebab’s skewer
to the other end. A cook pulls the cart by applying a force of
40.00 N at an angle of
45.00° above the horizontal. If the force of friction acting on
the cart is 28.00 N,
what is the net work done on the cart and its contents during
the delivery?

The largest turtle ever caught in the United States had a mass of
over 800 kg.
Suppose this turtle were raised 5.45 m onto the deck of a research
ship. If it takes
4.60 × 104 J of work to lift the turtle this distance at a constant
velocity, what is
the turtle’s weight?

Determine whether work is being done in each of the

following examples:

A- A train engine pulling a loaded boxcar initially at rest.

B- A tug of war that is evenly matched.
C- A crane lifting a car.

Why aren’t the following tasks considered work?

A student holds a heavy chair at arm’s length for several
minutes.
A student carries a bucket of water along a horizontal path
while walking at a
constant velocity.

A crate with a mass of m is on a ramp that is inclined at an

angle of 30° from the
horizontal. A force with a magnitude of F directed parallel to
the ramp is used to pull the
crate with a constant speed up the ramp a distance of d.
1. What is the work done on the crate by the applied force
F?
2. What is the work done on the crate by the gravitational
force exerted on the crate by
Earth?
3. What is the work done on the crate by the normal force,
with a magnitude of Fn, exerted
on the crate by the ramp?
4. What is the work done on the crate by the frictional force
Fk?
5. What is the total force acting on the crate?
6. What is the work done on the crate by the total force?

A 0.075 kg ball in a kinetic sculpture moves at a constant

speed along a motorized
vertical conveyor belt. The ball rises 1.32 m above the
ground.
A frictional force of 0.350 N acts in the direction opposite the
conveyor belt’s
motion.
What is the net work done on the ball?
For each of the following cases, indicate whether the work
done on the second
object in each example will have a positive or a negative
value.

A- The road exerts a friction force on a speeding car

skidding to a stop.
B- A rope exerts a force on a bucket as the bucket is raised
up a well.
C- Air exerts a force on a parachute as the parachutist falls
to Earth.

1.Which of the following sentences uses work in the

scientific sense?

a. Stan goes to work on the bus.

b. Anne did work on the project for 5 hours.
c. Joseph found that holding the banner in place was hard
work.
d. An engine does work on a car when the car is moving.

2. Work is done on an object

a. whenever a force acts on the object.

b. whenever a force is perpendicular to the displacement of
the object.
c. whenever a force causes a displacement of the object.
d. whenever a net force acts on the object.

3. In which of the following cases is no work done?

a. A weightlifter lifts a barbell.

b. A weightlifter holds a barbell overhead.
c. A weightlifter slowly lowers a barbell.
d. A weightlifter drops a barbell and the barbell falls to the
ground.

4. If the sign of work is negative,

a. the force is in the same direction as the displacement.

b. the force is perpendicular to the displacement.
c. the component of the force that does work is in the
direction opposite the
displacement.
d. the component of the force that does work is
perpendicular to the displacement.

5. A painter lifts a bucket of paint, carries it 5 m

horizontally, then sets
it back down. Which of the following is true?
a. The force of gravity does negative work when the worker
lifts the bucket.
b. The painter does positive work on the bucket when
carrying it horizontally at
constant speed.
c. The painter does positive work on the bucket when
setting it down.
d. No net work is done on the bucket.

6. Which equation is used to calculate the work done on

an object by a
force at an angle, Ɵ, to the displacement?
a. W = Fd
b. W = Fdcos Ɵ
c. W = Fdsin Ɵ
d. W = mgsin Ɵ

7. A joule is equivalent to a

a. N.
b. N.m.
c. N/m.
d. kg.m/s2.

8.A parachutist falls at a constant speed for 200 m.

Which of the
following is true?
a. The force of gravity is the only force doing work on the
parachutist.
b. Air resistance is the only force doing work on the
parachutist.
c. No forces are doing work on the parachutist.
d. No net work is done on the parachutist.

9. A construction worker lifts a heavy cinder block 1 m off

the ground, holds it in
place for 3 s, then sets it back down in the same place.
Describe the forces doing
work on the block and the net work on the block throughout
this action.
10. A child pulls a wagon 3.0 m using a force of 55 N at an
angle 35° above
horizontal. The force of friction on the wagon is 12 N.
Calculate the net work done
on the wagon.

A 6.00 kg cat runs after a mouse at 10.0 m/s. what is the

cat’s kinetic energy?

Calculate the speed of an 8.0 x 10 4 kg airliner with a

kinetic energy of 1.1 x 10 9 J

One of the world’s fastest helicopters, the Westland Lynx,

has a top of 4.00 x 104
km/h. If its kinetic energy at this speed is 2.10 x 107 J, what
is the helicopter’s
mass?

Two bullets have masses of 3.0 g and 6.0 g, respectively.

Both are fired with a
speed of 40.0m/s. Which bullet has more kinetic energy?
What is the ratio of their
kinetic energies?

Formative

What is the speed of a 0.1454 kg baseball if its kinetic

energy is 109 J ?
The brightest, hottest, and most massive stars are the
brilliant blue stars
designated as spectral class O. If a class O star with a mass
of 3.38 x 1031 kg has a
kinetic energy of 1.10 x 10 42 J, what is its speed? Express
your answer in km/s (a
typical unit for describing the speed of stars)

A 2.1 x 10 3 Kg car starts from rest at the top of a driveway

that is sloped at an
angle of 20.0° with the horizontal. An average friction force
of 4.0 x 10 3 N
impedes the car’s motion so that the car’s speed at the
bottom of the driveway is
3.8 m/s. What is the length of the driveway?

The giant sequoia redwood trees of the Sierra Nevada in

California are said never
to die from old age. Instead, an old tree dies when its
shallow
roots become loosened and the tree falls over. Removing a
dead mature
redwood from a forest is no easy feat, as the tree can have
a mass of nearly 2.0 ×
106 kg. Suppose a redwood with this mass is lifted 7.5 m
with a net upward
acceleration of 7.5 × 10-2 m/s2. If the tree’s initial kinetic
energy is zero, what is
the final kinetic energy?
A produce scale at a supermarket uses a stretched spring to
indicate the weight of
fruits and vegetables. If five oranges with a total mass of
0.76 kg are placed in the
scale, the spring will be stretched 2.3 cm. What is the
constant of the spring?

A pogo stick contains a spring with a force constant of 1.5 ×

104 N/m. Suppose the
elastic potential energy stored in the spring as the pogo
stick is pushed downward
is 120 J. How far is the spring compressed?

A 1750 kg weather satellite moves in a circular orbit with a

gravitational potential
energy of 1.69 × 1010 J. At the satellite’s altitude above
Earth’s surface, the free-
fall acceleration is only 6.44 m/s2. How high above Earth’s
surface is the satellite?
Hint: here g is not equal to 9.8. It is 6.44
Answer: 1.50 x 10 6 m

An automobile to be transported by ship is raised 7.0 m

above the dock. If its
gravitational potential energy is 6.6 × 104 J, what is the
automobile’s mass?
Answer: m = 9.6 x 10 2 kg
The force constant of the spring in a child’s toy car is 550
N/m. How much elastic
potential energy is stored in the spring if the spring is
compressed a distance of 1.2
cm?

Answer: G.P.E = 4.0 x 10 -2 J