Asian Journal of Mathematics and Computer Research

19(4): 193-202, 2017

ISSN: 2395-4205 (P), ISSN: 2395-4213 (O)

ON THE STABILITY OF A MIXED CUBIC AND

QUARTIC FUNCTIONAL EQUATION: FIXED
POINT METHOD
∗
JOHN MICHAEL RASSIAS1 R. MURALI2 , A. ANTONY RAJ2
AND V. VITHYA2
1
Section of Mathematics and Informatics, Pedagogical Department E. E., National and
Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15342 Athens, Greece.
2
Department of Mathematics, Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur - 635 601, Tamil Nadu, India.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS
All authors conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, drafted the
manuscript and participated in the sequence alignment. All authors read and approved the final
manuscript.

Received: 2nd August 2017

Accepted: 20th August 2017
Published: 4th September 2017 Original Research Article

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we prove the stabilities and non-stabilities of a new mixed type cubic and quartic
functional equation in 2-Banach space using fixed point method in the sense of Hyers-Ulam.

Keywords: Hyers-Ulam stability; mixed type Cubic-Quartic functional equation; 2-Banach space;
fixed point method.

2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 39B52, 39B72, 32B82, 39B22, 34K20, 05C79.

1 Introduction and Preliminaries

The concept of stability for a functional equation arises when one replaces a functional equation
by an inequality which acts as a perturbation of the equation. The first stability problem of
functional equation was raised by S.M. Ulam [1] in 1940. Since then, this question has attracted
the attention of many researchers. we refer the reader to [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11] and the
references cited therein. Note that the first solution to this question was given by D.H. Hyers [12]
in 1941. Thereafter, Aoki [13], Bourgin [14] and Rassias [15] imporved the result reported in [12].
After then, a further generalization of Th.M. Rassias theorem was obtained by P.Gavruta [16].

In 1996, G.Isac and Th.M. Rassias [17] applied the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability theory to prove
fixed point theorems and study some new applications in Nonlinear Analysis. In 2003, Radu [18]
proposed the fixed point alternative method for obtaining the existence of exact solutions and error

*Corresponding author: E-mail: jrassias@primedu.uoa.gr;

 Rassias et al.; AJOMCOR, 19(4): 193-202, 2017

estimations. The fixed point alternative method can be considered as an advantage of this method
over the standard direct method. In recent years, many authors and researchers have investigated
the stability of different functional equations in various spaces using fixed point method (see, for
instance [2, 3, 17, 8, 19, 20, 10]).

In this paper, we introduce the new mixed type cubic-quartic functional equation and establish the
Hyers-Ulam stability of the following functional equation of the form

f (2x + y) + f (2x − y) + f (x + 2y) + f (x − 2y) = 7 [f (x + y) + f (x − y)]

+ f (−x − y) + f (y − x) + 12f (x) + 6f (−x) − 27f (y) − 3f (−y) + 3f (2y) (1.1)

in 2-Banach space using fixed point method.

Let A,B be vector spaces, and let f : A → B be a function satisfies (1.1). Then
1. If f is odd function, then f is cubic.
2. If f is even function, then f is quartic.
In the 1960s, S.Gahler [21, 22] introduced the concept of 2-normed space.

Definition 1.1. [21] Let A be a linear space over R with dimA > 1 and
let ∥., .∥ : A × A → [0, ∞) be a function satisfying the following properties:

1. ∥x, y∥ = 0 if and only if x and y are linearly dependent,

2. ∥x, y∥ = ∥y, x∥,
3. ∥λx, y∥ = |λ| ∥x, y∥,
4. ∥x, y + z∥ ≤ ∥x, y∥ + ∥x, z∥
for each x, y, z ∈ A and λ ∈ R. Then the function ∥., .∥ is called a 2-norm on A and the pair (A, ∥., .∥)
is a called a linear 2-normed space. Sometimes the condition (4) called the triangle inequality.

In 2011, W. G. Park [23] introduces a basic property of linear 2-normed spaces as follows.

[24] Let (A, ∥., .∥) be a 2-normed space. If ∥x, y∥ = 0, for all y ∈ A, then x = 0.

Definition 1.2. ([25]) A sequence {xn } in a linear 2-normed space A is called a Cauchy sequence if
there are two points y, z ∈ A such that y and z are linearly independent, liml,m→∞ ∥xl − xm , y∥ = 0
and liml,m→∞ ∥xl − xm , z∥ = 0.

Definition 1.3. A sequence {xn } in a linear 2-normed space A is called a convergent sequence if
there is an x ∈ A such that limn→∞ ∥xn − x, y∥ = 0 for all y ∈ A. If {xn } converges to x, write
xn → x as n → ∞ and call x the limit of xn . In this case, we also write limn→∞ xn = x

For a convergent sequence xn in a linear 2-normed space A, limn→∞ ∥xn , y∥ = ∥limn→∞ xn , y∥ for
all y ∈ A.

Definition 1.4. A linear 2-normed space in which every Cauchy sequence is a convergent sequence
is called a 2-Banach space.

Definition 1.5. Let X be a set. A function d : X × X → [0, ∞) is called a generalized metric on

X if d satisfies
1. d(x, y) = 0 if and only if x = y;
2. d(x, y) = d(y, x) for all x, y ∈ X;

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3. d(x, z) ≤ d(x, y) + d(y, z) for all x, y, z ∈ X.

Theorem 1.1. [18] Let (X, d) be a complete generalized metric space and let J : X → X strictly
contractive mapping with Lipschitz constant α < 1. Then, for each given x ∈ X, either d(J n x, J n+1 x) =
∞ for all nonnegative integer n or there exists a natural number n0 such that

(1) d(J n x, J n+1 x) < ∞ for all n ≥ n0 ;

(2) The sequence {J n x} is converges to a fixed point y ∗ of J;
(3) y ∗ is the unique fixed point of J in the set Y = {y ∈ X : d(J n0 x, y) < ∞};
(4) d(y, y ∗ ) ≤ 1−α
1
d(y, Jy ) for all y ∈ Y .

2 Stability of Functional Equation (1.1) in 2-Banach

Spaces: A Fixed Point Method
Throughout this section, we assume that X is a normed space and Y is a 2-Banach space. In the
following theorem, we will apply the fixed point as in [18] to prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of
the mixed type cubic and quartic functional equation (1.1). For Convenience, we use the following
abbreviation.
For a given function f : X → Y, we write

Df (x, y) =f (2x + y) + f (2x − y) + f (x + 2y) + f (x − 2y) = 7 [f (x + y) + f (x − y)]

+ f (−x − y) + f (y − x) + 12f (x) + 6f (−x) − 27f (y) − 3f (−y) + 3f (2y) (2.1)

Theorem 2.1. Let l = ±1 be fixed and f : X → Y be a mapping for which there exists a function
φ : X × X → [0, ∞) satisfying the inequality

∥Df (x, y), t∥ ≤ φ(x, y) (2.2)

1
lim φ(2nl x, 2nl y) = 0 (2.3)
23nl
n→∞
x y
φ(x, y) ≤ 8l Lφ( l , l ) (2.4)
2 2
for all x, y ∈ X all t ∈ Y and for some 0 < L < 1. Then, there exists a unique cubic mapping
C : X → Y satisfying (1.1) and
1−l
L( 2 )
∥f (x) − C(x), t∥ ≤ φ(x, 0) (2.5)
16|1 − L|
Proof. Let us consider the set M := {g : X → Y } and introduce a generalized metric on d as follows:

d(g, h) = inf{α ∈ [0.∞) : ∥g(x) − h(x), t∥ ≤ αφ(x, 0)}

for all x ∈ X and all t ∈ Y where, as usual inf ϕ = +∞. It is easy to show that (M, d) is complete,
See [26]. Now we consider the linear mapping J : M → M such that
1
Jg(x) = g(2l x)
8l
for all g ∈ M and all x ∈ X. Given g, h ∈ M, let α ∈ [0, ∞) be an arbitary constant with d(g, h) ≤ α,
that is ∥g(x) − h(x), t∥ ≤ αφ(x, 0) for all x ∈ X and all t ∈ Y. So we have

1
∥Jg(x) − Jh(x), t∥ ≤ l g(2l x) − h(2l x), t
8
≤ αLφ(x, 0)

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for all g ∈ M, all x ∈ X and all t ∈ Y.

Hence, we see that d(Jg, Jh) ≤ Ld(g, h), for any g, h ∈ M. So J is strictly contractive operator.
Putting y = 0 in (2.2), we arrive at
 
1−l
 
2
1 L
f (x) − f (2 x) ≤
l
φ(x, 0) (2.6)
8l 16
for all x ∈ X and all t ∈ Y. Thus, we get
 
1−l
 
L 2
d(f, Jf ) ≤
16
for all f ∈ M. By Theorem 2.2 in [18], there exists a mapping C : X → Y satisfying the following:
(1) C is a fixed point of J, i.e.,
C(2l x) = 8l C(x) (2.7)
for all x ∈ X. The mapping C is a unique fixed point of J in the set
M = {g ∈ S : d(g, h) < ∞} .
This implies that C is a unique mapping such that there exists a α ∈ (0, ∞) satisfying
∥f (x) − C(x), t∥ ≤ αφ(x, 0)
for all x ∈ X and all t ∈ Y.
(2) d(J n , C) → 0 as n → ∞. This implies the equality
1
lim f (2nl x) = C(x) (2.8)
n→∞ 23nl
for all x ∈ X.  
1−l
 
L 2
(3) d(f, C) ≤ 1−α
1
d(f, Jf ), which implies the inequality d(f, C) ≤ .
16|1 − L|
This implies that the inequality (2.6) holds good.
It follows from (2.2), (2.3) and (2.8) that

1
∥DC(x, y)∥ = lim 3nl Df (2nl x, 2nl y)
n→∞ 2
1
≤ lim 3nl φ(2nl x, 2nl y) = 0
n→∞ 2

for all x, y ∈ X and all t ∈ Y. So

DC(x, y) = 0
for all x, y ∈ X and all t ∈ Y. Hence C : X → Y is an Cubic mapping, as desired.

Corollary 2.2. Let (X, ∥.∥X ) be a normed space and (Y, ∥., .∥Y ) be a 2- Banach space. Let θ and
p be nonnegative real numbers with p ̸= 3 and let f : X → Y be a mapping fulfilling

( )
∥Df (x, y), t∥Y ≤ θ ∥x∥pX + ∥y∥pX
for all x, y ∈ X and all t ∈ Y. Then there exists a unique cubic mapping C : X → Y such that
θ ∥x∥p
∥f (x) − C(x), t∥ ≤
2|8 − 2p |
for all x, y ∈ X and all t ∈ Y.

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Proof. The proof follows from Theorem 2.1 by taking

φ(x, y) = θ(∥x∥pX + ∥y∥pX )

for all x, y ∈ X and choosing L = 2(p−3)l . Hence we reach the required result.

Corollary 2.3. Let (X, ∥.∥X ) be a normed space and (Y, ∥., .∥Y ) be a 2- Banach space. Let θ and
p be nonnegative real numbers with p ̸= 3 and let f : X → Y be a mapping fulfilling
( )
∥Df (x, y), t∥Y ≤ θ ∥x∥pX . ∥y∥pX + (∥x∥pX + ∥y∥pX )

for all x, y ∈ X and all t ∈ Y. Then there exists a unique cubic mapping C : X → Y such that

θ ∥x∥p
∥f (x) − C(x), t∥ ≤
2|8 − 2p |

for all x, y ∈ X and all t ∈ Y.

Proof. The proof follows from Theorem 2.1 by taking

( )
φ(x, y) = θ ∥x∥pX . ∥y∥pX + (∥x∥pX + ∥y∥pX )

for all x, y ∈ X and choosing L = 2(p−3)l . Then we get the desired result.

Theorem 2.4. Let l = ±1 be fixed and f : X → Y be a mapping for which there exists a function
φ : X × X → [0, ∞) satisfying
∥Df (x, y), t∥ ≤ φ(x, y) (2.9)
1
lim φ(2nl x, 2nl y) = 0 (2.10)
n→∞24nl
x y
φ(x, y) ≤ 16l Lφ( l , l ) (2.11)
2 2
for all x, y ∈ X all t ∈ Y and for some 0 < L < 1. Then, there exists a unique quartic mapping
Q : X → Y satisfying (1.1) and
 
1−l
 
L 2
∥f (x) − C(x), t∥ ≤ φ(x, 0) (2.12)
32|1 − L|

Proof. Putting y = 0 in (2.2), we arrive at

 
1−l


2
1 L
f (x) − f (2 x)
≤
l
φ(x, 0) (2.13)
16l 32

for all x ∈ X and all t ∈ Y. Thus, we get

 
1−l
 
L 2
d(f, Jf ) ≤ .
32
The rest of the proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 2.1.

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Corollary 2.5. Let (X, ∥.∥X ) be a normed space and (Y, ∥., .∥Y ) be a 2- Banach space. Let θ and
p be nonnegative real numbers with p ̸= 4 and let f : X → Y be a mapping fulfilling
( )
∥Df (x, y), t∥Y ≤ θ ∥x∥pX + ∥y∥pX

for all x, y ∈ X and all t ∈ Y. Then there exists a unique quartic mapping Q : X → Y such that
θ ∥x∥p
∥f (x) − Q(x), t∥ ≤
2|16 − 2p |
for all x, y ∈ X and all t ∈ Y.

Proof. The proof follows from Theorem 2.4 by taking

φ(x, y) = θ(∥x∥pX + ∥y∥pX )

for all x, y ∈ X and choosing L = 2(p−4)l . Hence we conclude the proof.

Corollary 2.6. Let (X, ∥.∥X ) be a normed space and (Y, ∥., .∥Y ) be a 2- Banach space. Let θ and
p be nonnegative real numbers with p ̸= 4 and let f : X → Y be a mapping fulfilling
( )
∥Df (x, y), t∥Y ≤ θ ∥x∥pX . ∥y∥pX + (∥x∥pX + ∥y∥pX )

for all x, y ∈ X and all t ∈ Y. Then there exists a unique quartic mapping Q : X → Y such that
θ ∥x∥p
∥f (x) − Q(x), t∥ ≤
2|16 − 2p |
for all x, y ∈ X and all t ∈ Y.

Proof. The proof follows from Theorem 2.4 by taking

( )
φ(x, y) = θ ∥x∥pX . ∥y∥pX + (∥x∥pX + ∥y∥pX )

for all x, y ∈ X and choosing L = 2(p−4)l . Then we arrive desired result.

3 Counter-Examples
Let β : R → R be a function defined by
{
ϵx3 , |x| < 1
β(x) =
ϵ, otherwise

where ϵ > 0 is a constant, and define a function f : R → R by

∑∞
β(2n )x
f (x) =
n=0
23n

for all x ∈ R. Then f satisfies the inequality

4544 ( 3 )
∥Df (x, y)∥ ≤ ϵ |x| + |y|3 (3.1)
7
for all x, y ∈ R. Then there does not exist a cubic mapping C : R → R and a constant λ > 0 such
that
|f (x) − C(x)| ≤ λ |x|3 ∀x ∈ R. (3.2)

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8
Proof. It is easy to see that f is bounded by ϵ on R.
7
1
If |x|3 + |y|3 = 0, then (3.1) is trivial. If |x|3 + |y|3 ≥ 3 , then there exists a non-negative integer k
2
such that
1 1
≤ |x|3 + |y|3 ≤ 3k (3.3)
23(k+1) 2
Hence, from definition of f and (3.3), we arrive that
∑
∞
568ϵ 568ϵ 4544 ( 3 )
|Df (x, y)| ≤ ≤ ≤ ϵ |x| + |y|3 .
7.23k 7.(23k ) 7
n=k

Therefore, f satisfies (3.1) for all x, y ∈ R. Now, we claim that functional equation (1.1) is not
stable for p = 3 in Corollaries (2.2, 2.3). Suppose on the contrary that there exists a cubic mapping
C : R → R and a constant λ > 0 satisfying (3.2). Then there exists a constant c ∈ R such that
C(x) = cx3 for any x ∈ R. Thus we obtain the following inequality

|f (x)| ≤ (λ + |c|) |x|3 (3.4)

1
Let m ∈ N with mϵ > λ + |c| . If x ∈ (0, m−1 ), then 2n x ∈ (0, 1) for all n = 0, 1, 2, ..., (m − 1) and
2
for this case we get

∑∞
β(2n )x ∑ ϵ(2n x)3
m−1
f (x) = 3n
≥ 3n
= mϵx3 > (λ + |c|) |x|3
n=0
2 n=0
2

which is a contradiction to (3.4). Therefore the Cubic functional equation (1.1) is not stable for
p = 3.

Let β : R → R be a function defined by

{
ϵx3 , |x| < 1
β(x) =
ϵ, otherwise

where ϵ > 0 is a constant, and define a function f : R → R by

∑∞
β(2n )x
f (x) =
n=0
23n

for all x ∈ R. Then f satisfies the inequality

 
3 3
4544 
∥Df (x, y)∥ ≤ ϵ |x| 2 . |y| 2 + (|x|3 + |y|3 ) (3.5)
7

for all x, y ∈ R. Then there does not exists a Cubic mapping C : R → R and a constant λ > 0 such
that
|f (x) − C(x)| ≤ λ |x|3 ∀x ∈ R. (3.6)

Proof. The proof is analogous to the proof of Example 3.

Let β : R → R be a function defined by

{
ϵx4 , |x| < 1
β(x) =
ϵ, otherwise

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where ϵ > 0 is a constant, and define a function f : R → R by

∑∞
β(2n )x
f (x) =
n=0
24n

for all x ∈ R. Then f satisfies the inequality

18176 ( 4 )
∥Df (x, y)∥ ≤ ϵ |x| + |y|4 (3.7)
15
for all x, y ∈ R. Then there does not exists a Quartic mapping Q : R → R and a constant λ > 0
such that
|f (x) − Q(x)| ≤ λ |x|4 ∀x ∈ R. (3.8)

Proof. The proof is analogous to the proof of Example 3.

Let β : R → R be a function defined by

{
ϵx4 , |x| < 1
β(x) =
ϵ, otherwise

where ϵ > 0 is a constant, and define a function f : R → R by

∑∞
β(2n )x
f (x) =
n=0
24n

for all x ∈ R. Then f satisfies the inequality

18176 ( 2 )
∥Df (x, y)∥ ≤ ϵ |x| . |y|2 + (|x|4 + |y|4 ) (3.9)
15
for all x, y ∈ R. Then there does not exists a Quartic mapping Q : R → R and a constant λ > 0
such that
|f (x) − Q(x)| ≤ λ |x|4 ∀x ∈ R. (3.10)

Proof. The proof is analogous to the proof of Example 3.

Acknowledgement
The author’s are very grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their worthwhile comments to bring
out our paper into nice form.

Competing Interests
Authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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