Chapter review 3

1 y = 2−x = (2−1)x = ( 12 )x 4 b 7(2x + 1) = 1000

log 7 1000 = 2x + 1
2x = log 7 1000 − 1
=x 1
2 log 7 1000 − 12
= 1.27

c 10x = 6x + 2
log (10x) = log (6x + 2)
x log 10 = (x + 2) log 6
x log 10 − x log 6 = 2 log 6
a ( p q) log a ( p 2 ) + log a q
2 a log= 2 x (log 10 − log 6) = 2 log 6
2 log 6
= 2 log a p + log a q x=
log10 − log 6
= 7.02
( pq ) log a p + log a q
b log a =
So 5 a 4 x − 2 x+1 − 15 =
0
log a p + log a q =
5 (1) 2x
2 − 2 × 2 − 15 =
x
0
9 ( 2)
2 log a p + log a q = (2 x ) 2 − 2 × 2 x − 15 = 0
Subtract (1) from (2) : Let u = 2 x
log a p = 4 u 2 − 2u − 15 = 0
So log a q = 1
b ( u + 3)( u − 5) =
0
3 a p = log q 16 So u =
−3 or u =
5
= log q ( 2 4
) If u =
−3, 2 x =
−3. No solution.
= 4 log q 2 If u 5,=
= 2x 5
p log 2 x = log 5
log q 2 =
4 x log 2 = log 5
log 5
x=
( 8q ) log q 8 + log q q
b log q = log 2
= log q ( 23 ) + log q q = 2.32 ( 2 d.p.)
= 3log q 2 + log q q
6 log 2 ( x + 10) − log 2 ( x − 5) =
4
p
=3 × + 1  x + 10 
4 log 2  =4
3p  x −5 
= +1
4 x + 10
= 24
x −5
4 a 4x = 23 16 x − 80 =x + 10
log 4 23 = x 15 x = 90
x = 2.26
x=6

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7 a y = 3x 2
Take logarithms of both sides and simplify. 10 log 5 ( 4 − x ) − 2 log 5 x =
1
log 3 y = log 3 3 x 2 Rearrange the equation and solve for x.
= log 3 3 + log 3 x 2 log 5 ( 4 − x ) − log 5 x 2 =
1
= 1 + 2 log 3 x
log 5
(4 − x) = 1
As required. x2
( 4 − x ) = 51
b 1 + 2 log 3 x = log 3 ( 28 x − 9 ) x2
log 3 3 x 2 log 3 ( 28 x − 9 )
= 4− x =5x2
x 2 28 x − 9
3= 5x2 + x − 4 =0
3 x 2 − 28 x + 9 =0 ( 5 x − 4 )( x + 1) =
0
( 3x − 1)( x − 9 ) =
0
x=
4
or x = −1
1 5
=x =or x 9 4
3 Since 0 < x < 4, x = .
5
8 2 log 3 x − log 3 ( x − 2 ) =
2
11 a log x 64 = 2
Rearrange the equation and solve for x.
2 x = 64
x2
log 3 =2 x=6
x−2
x2 b log 2 (11 −=
6 x ) 2 log 2 ( x − 1) + 3
= 32 Rearrange the equation and solve for x.
x−2
log 2 (11 − 6 x ) − log 2 ( x − 1) =
2
x=2
9 x − 18 3
x 2 − 9 x + 18 =
0 log 2
(11 − 6 x ) = 3
( x − 1)
2
( x − 3)( x − 6 ) =
0
=x 3=
or x 6 (11 − 6 x ) = 23
( x − 1)
2

9 a 5 x = 10
11 − 6 x = 8 ( x − 1)
2
Take the logarithms of both sides and solve
for x. 11 − 6 x= 8 ( x 2 − 2 x + 1)
x log 5 = log10
log10 8 x 2 − 10 x − 3 =0
x=
log 5 ( 2 x − 3)( 4 x + 1) =
0
= 1.43 (3 s.f.) 3 1
x= or x = −
2 4
b log 9 ( x − 2 ) =
−1 1
Since x = − is not valid for the original
x−2= 9−1 4
1 3
x= +2 equation, x = is the only solution.
9 2
19
= 12 a log 2 y = −3
9
y = 2−3
1
=
8

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2
 log 2 32 + log 2 16 14 b log a y + 3log a 2 =
5
12 b = log 2 x
log 2 x Rearrange the equation and simplify.
( log 2 x )
log 2 32 + log 2 16 =
2 log a y + log a 23 =
5
log a y + log a 8 =
5
( log 2 x )
2
5+ 4 =
log a 8 y = 5
( log 2 x )
2
=9
8 y = a5
log 2 x = 3 or log 2 x = −3
a5
1 y=
x 2=
= 3
8 or=x 2= −3
8
8

13 a 2log 3 (x − 5) − log 3 (2x − 13) = 1

Rearrange the equation and simplify.
log 3 ( x − 5) 2 − log 3 (2 x − 13) =
1
( x − 5) 2
log 3 =1
(2 x − 13)
( x − 5) 2
= 31
(2 x − 13)
( x − 5) 2 = 3(2 x − 13)
x 2 − 10 x + 25 = 6 x − 39
x 2 − 16 x + 64 = 0
As required.

b x 2 − 16 x + 64 =
0
( x − 8) =
2
0
x =8

2 x ) log 2 ( 5 x + 4 ) − 3
14 a log 2 (=
Rearrange the equation and simplify.
log 2 ( 2 x ) − log 2 ( 5 x + 4 ) =
−3
 2x 
log 2   = −3
 5x + 4 
2x
= 2−3
5x + 4
2x 1
=
5x + 4 8
16=
x 5x + 4
11x = 4
4
x=
11

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3