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Atvasinājums Lapa PDF
Atvasinājums Lapa PDF
Atvasinājums Lapa PDF
Uzdevumu
risinājumu paraugi.
14. nodarbība
3
1. piemērs. Noteikt funkcijas y = 2 x 4 − + 105 x 2 + 9 atvasinājumu.
x3
′ ′
⎛ 4 2
⎞ 4 ′ −3 ′
⎛ 52 ⎞
( )
y ′ = ⎜⎜ 2 x − 3x + 10 x + 9 ⎟⎟ = 2 x − 3 x
−3 5
( ) ′
(
+ 10⎜⎜ x ⎟⎟ + (9) = 2 ⋅ 4 x 3 − 3 ⋅ − 3x − 4 + )
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
3
2 − 9 4
+ 10 ⋅ x 5 + 0 = 8 x 3 + 4 + .
5 x 5
x3
′ ′ ′ 7 2
y ′ = 4(sin x ) + 7(ctg x ) − 2(arccos x ) = 4 cos x − 2
+ .
sin x 1− x2
′ ′
( ) ( ) ′ ′
y ′ = 5 x + 3 e x − 6(log 3 x ) + (ln 12 ) = 5 x ln 5 + 3e x −
6
x ln 3
.
′
⎛ 12 ⎞ ′ ′ 1 −
1
y ′ = 6⎜⎜ x ⎟⎟ − 5⎛⎜ (cos x ) ⋅ arccos x + cos x ⋅ (arccos x ) ⎞⎟ = 6 ⋅ x 2 − 5(− sin x ⋅ arccos x +
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ 2
⎛ 1 ⎞⎟ ⎞⎟ 3 5 cos x
+ cos x ⋅ ⎜⎜ − = + 5 sin x ⋅ arccos x + .
2 ⎟⎟
⎝ 1 − x ⎠⎠ x 1 − x 2
′
2 ′
⎛ 43 ⎞ 1
⎛( ) ′ ⎞ ⎛
y ′ = 2⎜ x arctg x + x (arctg x ) ⎟ + ⎜⎜ x ⎟⎟ = 2⎜ 2 xarctg x + x 2 ⋅
2 1 ⎞ 4 3
⎟ + x =
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 1+ x2 ⎠ 3
2x 2 4
= 4 xarctg x + + 3 x.
1+ x 2
3
2 x 3 + 3x
6. piemērs. Noteikt funkcijas y = atvasinājumu.
1− x2
′ ′
y′ =
(2 x 3
)( ) (
+ 3x 1 − x 2 − 2 x 3 + 3x 1 − x 2 )( ) = (6 x 2
)( ) (
+ 3 1 − x 2 − 2 x 3 + 3 x (− 2 x ) ) =
(1 − x )2 2
(1 − x )
2 2
6 x 2 − 6 x 4 + 3 − 3x 2 + 4 x 4 + 6 x 2 9x 2 − 2x 4 + 3
= = .
(1 − x )2 2
(1 − x )
2 2
sin x − 1
7. piemērs. Noteikt funkcijas y = x ln x + atvasinājumu.
1 + cos x
′ ′
′ (sin x − 1) (1 + cos x ) − (sin x − 1)(1 + cos x ) 1
y = x ln x + x(ln x ) +
′ ′ = 1 ⋅ ln x + x ⋅ +
(1 + cos x ) 2
x
cos x(1 + cos x ) − (sin x − 1)(− sin x ) cos x + cos 2 x + sin 2 x − sin x
+ = ln x + 1 + =
(1 + cos x )2 (1 + cos x )2
cos x − sin x + 1
= ln x + 1 + .
(1 + cos x )2
x + 3x ⎝
)⎛ 4 1 ⎞
⋅ ⎜⎜ x + 3 x 2 ⎟⎟ =
⎠
(
= 2 ln x 4 + 3 x ⋅ ) 1
⋅
⎛ 3 1 − ⎞ 2 ln x 4 + 3 x
1
⎜ 4x + 3 ⋅ x 2 ⎟ =
( ) ⋅ ⎛⎜ 4 x 3
+
3 ⎞
⎟.
x 4 + 3 x ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟
⎠ x 4 + 3x ⎜
⎝ 2 x ⎟⎠
arcsin x
10. piemērs. Noteikt funkcijas y = xarctg x + atvasinājumu.
1− x2
( ) ⋅ (− 2 x )
1
1 1 −
1
⋅ 1 − x 2 + arcsin x ⋅ 1− x2 2
1 1 − 1− x2 2
y ′ = arctg x + x ⋅ ⋅ x 2+ =
1+ ( x) 2
2 ( 1− x )
2
2
( )
1
−
x 1 − x arcsin x ⋅ 1 − x 2 2
= arctg x + +
2(1 + x ) 1− x2
2x 2
11. piemērs. Noteikt funkcijas y = 3 − x 3 e − x atvasinājumu.
x +1
2
2( x + 1) − 2 x ⋅ 1
− 2
1 ⎛ 2x ⎞ ⎛ x + 1⎞ 2
− 3 x 2 e − x − x 3 e − x ⋅ (− 2 x ) = 3 ⎜
3 2 2
y′ = ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ ⎟ ⋅ −
3 ⎝ x + 1⎠ (x + 1)2 ⎝ 2 x ⎠ 3( x + 1)
2
2 2
− 3x 2 e − x + 2 x 4 e − x .
⎛ 1 ⎞ 1
12. piemērs. Noteikt funkcijas y = sin 5 ⎜ cos ⎟ +
⎝ 3x ⎠ arctg 2 x + 1 − 8 x 2
atvasinājumu.
( )
′
⎛ 5⎛ x −1 ⎞ −2 ⎛
1 ⎞
2 2 ⎞ 1 ⎞ ⎛ x −2 ⎞
⎟ + arctg ⎜⎜ x + (1 − 8 x ) ⎟⎟ ⎟ = 5 sin ⎜ cos 3 x ⎟ ⋅ cos⎜ cos 3x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜ − sin 3x ⎟ ⋅ ⎜⎜ − 3
4⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛
′ ⎜ ⎜
y = ⎜ sin ⎜ cos ⎟ ⎟ ⎟⎟ −
⎝ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
(
− 2arctg −3 x + 1 − 8 x 2 ⋅ ) 1 ⎛ 1
(
⋅ ⎜⎜1 + 1 − 8 x 2 ) ⋅ (− 16 x )⎞⎟⎟ .
−
1
( )
2
2
1 + x + 1 − 8x 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
1+ x
13. piemērs. Noteikt funkcijas y = ln + sin 2 5 x ⋅ e −3 x atvasinājuma vērtību punktā
1− x
x = 0.
Atvasināsim šo funkciju:
1⎛ 1 1 ⎞
y′ = ⎜ ⋅ (0 + 1) − ⋅ (0 − 1)⎟ + 2 sin 5 x ⋅ cos 5 x ⋅ 5 ⋅ e −3 x + sin 2 5 x ⋅ e −3 x ⋅ (− 3) =
2 ⎝1+ x 1− x ⎠
1⎛ 1 1 ⎞ −3 x −3 x
= ⎜ + ⎟ + 5 sin 10 x ⋅ e − 3 sin 5 x ⋅ e .
2
2 ⎝1+ x 1− x ⎠
1⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 1
y ′(0) = ⎜ + ⎟ + 5 sin (10 ⋅ 0 ) ⋅ e − 3 sin (5 ⋅ 0) ⋅ e
− 3⋅0 2 −3⋅0
= (1 + 1) + 5 ⋅ 0 ⋅ 1 − 3 ⋅ 0 ⋅ 1 = 1
2 ⎝1+ 0 1− 0 ⎠ 2
sin π x
14. piemērs. Noteikt funkcijas y = 2 x +1
− + e cos 2π x atvasinājuma vērtību punktā
x
x = 1.
2 x +1
ln 2 π x cos π x − sin π x
= − 2
− 2π sin 2π xe cos 2π x .
2 x x
2 1 +1
ln 2 π ⋅ 1 ⋅ cos π − sin π 4 ln 2
y ′(1) = − 2
− 2π sin 2π ⋅ e cos 2π = − (π ⋅ (− 1) − 0 ) − 2π ⋅ 0 ⋅ e1 =
2 1 1 2
= 2 ln 2 + π .
y = 3 − 2( x − 1) jeb y = 5 − 2 x .
Normāles vienādojums
1
y = 3− (x − 1) jeb y = 5 + x .
−2 2 2
Sekojošajā zīmējumā ar sarkanu līniju attēlota dotā funkcija, ar zilu – tās pieskare,
ar zaļu – normāle.
y
6
x
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6
-2
-4
-6
( )
Funkcijas vērtība dotajā punktā y (4) = ln 4 − 1 = ln 1 = 0 ;
x
2 4 6 8 10
-1
-2
-3