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Design of Steel Compression Members (According To Is: 800)
Design of Steel Compression Members (According To Is: 800)
Design of Steel Compression Members (According To Is: 800)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 2 Issue 11, November - 2013
Shaiv Parikh
B.E.- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Technology — Vasad (Affiliated with GTU)
ABSTRACT
SQUASHING
Compression members are very important
Squashing occurs in relatively small length columns.
components for any building. All the kinds of loads
It occurs by yielding of a cross section of the
such as dead load or live load are ultimately
column.
transferred to the columns (compression members)
which in turn transfer it to the foundation. Thus, a
column can be considered to be the main supporting
unit for any kind of structure. OVERALL FLEXURAL BUCKLING
This article gives a brief description about the In this mode, failure of the member occurs by
characteristics and the behaviour of steel excessive deflection in the plane of weaker principal
compression members. The various design steps are axis.(fig1)
taken in accordance to IS:800.
INTRODUCTION
In the above fig, x-x and y-y axis are shown. Ixx > Iyy
The strength of a column depends on the following , so the resistance about y-y axis is less as compared
parameters:- to x-x axis. Hence buckling will occur about y-y axis.
LOCAL BUCKLING
Fig. 2
IJERTV2IS110360 www.ijert.org
1
CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMNS BASED ON
THEIR LENGHTS AND THEIR BEHAVIOUR:
SHORT COLUMNS
(a) (b)
IIJJEERRTT
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
INTERMEDIATE COLUMNS
SLENDER OR LONG COMPRESSION A column under an axial load has some fibers
MEMBERS yielded some fibers in the elastic limit are known as
The strength of any compression member decreases intermediate columns.
with the increase in its length.
These compression members would fail both by
Compression members with high slenderness ratio yielding and buckling. The failure would fall under
and which satisfy all the conditions of Euler’s the ‘inelastic’ category. Hence, Euler’s formula is
Formula for buckling are called slender or long not applicable for such columns.
compression members.
2
fcr = Pcr/Ag = E/ λ (I=Agr2)
M = Pcr * y
For short columns, fcr = fy. They can be loaded in the
But, d2y/dx2 = - (M/EI) strain hardening range and hence λ is replaced by λp.
Now let k2 = Pcr/EI The strength curve for a column is shown below.
1. At x=0 ; y=0
0 = A1(0) + A2(1)
So, A2 = 0
2. At x=L ;
y=0 0 =
A1sinkL
# Initial Crookedness:-
Fig. 9
Hence, 0
For equilibrium,
P = 2K - 0)
(d2y/dx2) + P (y + y0)=0 is
y= sin(πx/L)
where = *(1/(1-P/Pcr))...........(4)
0
Fig. 12
IIJJEERRTT
Fig. 13
STEPS FOR DESIGN OF AXIALLY LOADED
fcd = (1/[ + ( 2
– λ2)]1/2) (fy/ ) COLUMNS:
mo
equation
(vii) Choose appropriate value of Partial safety
factor for material strength, γ from
m0
Table 5.2 of IS: 800
(viii) Calculate design stress in compression,
f , as per the following equation
cd
(Clause 7.1.2.1 of IS: 800):
Fig. 16
IMPERFECTION FACTOR, α
Buckling a b c d
Class
α 0.21 0.34 0.49 0.76