Exercise 6D

1 a Consider tan x = 2 3 c cos θ = 12

x = tan−1 (2) The calculator solution is 60° and as
= 63.4° (3 s.f.) in the first quadrant
The principal solution marked by A in the cosθ is +ve, θ lies in the first and
diagram is 180° − 63.4° = 116.6˚ fourth quadrants.
θ= 60° and ( 360° − 60° )= 60°, 300°
b The other solution between 0° and 360° is
116.6° + 180° = 296.6°
d sin
= θ sin15°
x = 116.6°, 296.6° when 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°
The acute angle satisfying the equation
2 a cos x = 0.4 is θ= 15°.
x = cos−1 (0.4) As sinθ is +ve, θ lies in the 1st and 2nd
= 66.4 (3 s.f.) quadrants, so
b cos x ± 0.4 θ= 15° and (180° − 15° )= 15°, 165°

e A first solution is cos −1 ( − cos 40° )= 140°

A second solution of cos θ = k is
360° − 1st solution.
So second solution is 220°.
( Use the quadrant diagram as a check.)

f A first solution is tan −1 ( −1) =−45°

Use the quadrant diagram, noting that as
tan is − ve, solutions are in the 2nd and
4th quadrants.

cos x = 0.4
( −45° is not in the given interval.)
x =1.16 and x =2π − 1.16 =5.12 So solutions are 135° and 315°.
cos x = −0.4
g From the graph of y = cos θ
x =1.98 and x =2π − 1.98 =4.30
cos θ =0 when θ = 90°, 270°

3 a Using the graph of y = sin θ

sin θ =−1 when θ = 270°

b tan θ = 3
The calculator solution is 60° tan −1 3 ( )
and, as tanθ is +ve, θ lies in the first and
third quadrants.
θ= 60° and (180° + 60° )= 60°, 240°

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3 h sin  θ = –0.766 b 2 cos θ =− 2, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
sin–1 (–0.766) = –50°
2
360° – 50° = 310° cos θ = −
2

From the diagram, the second solution is

180° + 50° = 230°.
θ = 230°, 310°
3π 3π 5π
4 a 7 sin θ= 5, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π θ= and θ = 2π − =
4 4 4
5 c 3cos θ =−2, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
sin θ =
7
2
cos θ = −
3

θ = 0.796 and θ =
π − 0.796 =
2.35
θ = 2.30 and θ =2π − 2.30 =3.98

d 4sin θ =−3, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π

3
sin θ = −
4
θ = (−0.848), π − (−0.848), 2π + (−0.848)
θ = 3.99,5.44

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 1 b sin θ + cos θ= 0, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
5 a tan θ =
7
sin θ = − cos θ
θ 8.13° or 188°
=
sin θ
= −1
15 cos θ
b tan θ =
8 tan θ = −1
θ 61.9° or 242°
=

11
5 c tan θ = −
3
=θ –74.7°
=θ 105.3° or 285°

5
d cos θ =
3
θ = 41.8°,318°

6 a 3 sin
= θ cos θ , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π

sin θ 1
=
cos θ 3
3π 3π 7π
1 θ= and θ =π + =
tan θ = 4 4 4
3
c =
3sin θ 4 cos θ , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π

sin θ 4
=
cos θ 3
4
tan θ =
3

π π 7π
θ= and θ =π + =
6 6 6

θ = 0.927 and θ =
π + 0.927 =
4.07

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7 a 2sin θ – 3cos θ = 0 8 b 2sin x =−0.3, − π ≤ x ≤ π
3
tan θ = sin x = −0.15
2
θ= 56.3° or 236°

b 2 sin θ = 2 cos θ
2
tan=θ = 2
2
= θ 54.7° or 235°

c 5 sin θ + 2 cos θ =
0
5 tan θ + 2 =
0
2
tan θ = –
5
=θ –32.3° θ >0
=θ 148° or 328° x = −0.151 and x =−π + 0.151 =−2.99
8 a Calculator solution of
c cos x° = −0.809
3 Calculator solution is 144° ( 3 s.f.)
sin x° = – is x = −60°
2
As cos x° is − ve, x is in the second and
As sin x° is − ve, x is in the third and
third quadrants.
fourth quadrants.

Read off all the solutions in the interval

−180° ≤ x ≤ 180˚.
Read off all solutions in the interval x = −144˚, +144˚
−180° ≤ x ≤ 540°.
x =−120°, − 60°, 240°, 300° Note : Here solutions are cos −1 (−0.809)
and (360° − cos −1 (−0.809)).

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8 d cos=
x 0.84, − 2π ≤ x ≤ 0 8 f tan x° =2.90
Calculator solution is
tan −1 ( 2.90
= ) 71.0° ( 3 s.f.)
(not in interval).
As tan x° is +ve, x is in the first and third
quadrants.

−2π + 0.574 =
x = −0.574 and x = −5.71

3 Read off all solutions in the interval

e tan x =− , 0 ≤ x ≤ 4π
3 80° ≤ x ≤ 440°.
x =251°, 431°
( Note : Here solutions are
tan −1 ( 2.90 ) + 180°, tan −1 ( 2.90 ) + 360°.)

2 3
9 a It should be tan x = , not .
3 2

b Squaring both sides creates extra

solutions.

2
9 c tan x =
3
π 5π π 11π x = 33.7° or x = −146.3°
x =π − = , x = 2π − = ,
6 6 6 6
π 17π π 23π 10 a
x = 3π − = and x = 3π − =
6 6 6 6

b The graphs intersect at 2 points in the

given range so there are 2 solutions.

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10 c 2 sin x = cos x 13 a 2 sin2 x + 5 cos2 x = 1
sin x 1 2 sin2 x + 5(1 − sin2x) = 1
= 2 sin2 x + 5 − 5 sin2 x = 1
cos x 2
1 3 sin2 x = 4
tan x =
2
b Using 3 sin2 x = 4
x = 26.6°
4
x = 26.6° + 180° = 206.6° sin2 x =
x = 26.6° or 206.6° 3
sin x > 1, therefore there are no solutions.
11 tan θ = ±3
When tan θ = 3, θ = 71.6°
or θ = 71.6° + 180° = 251.6°
When tan θ = −3, θ = −71.6°
or θ = −71.6°+ 180° = 108.4° or
θ = 108.4° + 180° = 288.4°
θ = 71.6°, 108.4°, 251.6° or 288.4°

12 a 4 sin2 x − 3 cos2 x = 2
4 sin2 x − 3(1 − sin2 x) = 2
4 sin2 x − 3 + 3sin2 x = 2
7 sin2 x = 5

12 b 4sin 2 x − 3cos 2 x= 2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π

7 sin 2 x = 5
5
sin 2 x =
7
5
sin x = ±
7

π − 1.01 =
x = 1.0 , x = 2.1 ,
x =+π 1.01 = 4.1 and x =2π − 1.01 =5.3

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