Ch.

8 Solving Linear Equations – Review Notes

Objectives: - to model problems using linear equations
- to solve problems using linear equations
Vocabulary: equation – a statement that two mathematical expressions are equal
variable – a letter that represents an unknown value
numerical coefficient – the number in front of a variable
constant – a term that does not change its value (does not contain a
variable)
opposite operation – expressions with the same terms, but different
signs (eg. 2x – 4 and -2x + 4)
distributive property – the rule that states that
3(x + 5) → 3(x) + 3(5) → 3x + 15
simplify – to add like terms together
perimeter – the distance around the outside of a figure
exponent – the number 5, when identified in the term 2x5
 Ch. 9 Linear Inequalities – Review Notes
Objectives: - to represent linear inequalities verbally, algebraically, and
graphically
- to determine and verify solutions of linear inequalities
- to generalize and apply rules for solving linear inequalities
- to compare and explain the processes for solving linear
equations and linear inequalities
- to compare and explain solutions of linear equations and
linear inequalities
- to solve problems involving linear inequalities

Vocabulary: inequality – a mathematical sentence comparing expression that may not

be equal (<, >, ≤, ≥ or ≠)
boundary point – separates the values less than from the values greater
than a specified point
open circle – shows that the boundary point is not included in the
solution
closed circle – shows that the boundary point is included in the solution
solution of an inequality – a value or set of values that satisfies an
inequality
distributive property – the rule that states that
3(x + 5) → 3(x) + 3(5) → 3x + 15
simplify – to add like terms together
perimeter – the distance around the outside of a figure
exponent – the number 5, when identified in the term 2x5
 Ch. 10 Circle Geometry – Review Notes
Objectives: - to apply properties of circles to determine the measures of
unknown angles and line segments
- to solve problems involving properties of circles

Vocabulary: chord – a line segment with endpoints directly on the circumference of a

circle
central angle – an angle composed of 2 radii
inscribed angle – an angle drawn from 3 points all on the circumference
of a circle
arc – a section of the circumference of a circle
circumference – the distance around a circle
diameter – a chord that passes through the center of a circle (divides the
circle in half)
radius – the distance from the center of the circle to a point on the
circumference of the circle (half the diameter)
perpendicular bisector – a line that divides a line segment in half and is
at 90˚ to it
tangent – a line that touches the circle at exactly one point
point of tangency – the point where a line touches a circle
right triangle – a triangle containing a 90˚ angle
isosceles triangle – a triangle made up of 2 equal sides (and 2 equal
angles)
equilateral triangle – a triangle containing 3 equal sides and 3 equal
angles (all 60˚)
 Chapters 8-11 Review
Chapter 8 Chapter 9
1. For each equation: 6. What is the algebraic form of the inequality
• Without solving, predict whether the represented on each number line?
value of x is greater than 1 or less a)
14 16 18 20
than 1. Explain your reasoning.
b)
• Solve to verify your prediction. -7 -6 -5

a) 8x = __
2 x 5
b) __ = __
5 9 6 7. Represent each inequality graphically.
7
__ 1
__ 1
__ 5
__ a) x < -6 b) 2.4 ≤ x
c)
x=4 d)
x=2

2. The formula for the area of a triangle is 8. Write an inequality to represent each
1 bh, where b is the length of the base election promise that a politician made.
A = __
2 a) At least eight new highways projects
and h is the altitude. A triangle has an area will be started.
of 10.54 m2 and a base length of 6.2 m.
b) There will be a budget surplus of over
What is the altitude of the triangle?
1.3 million this year.
c) Unemployment will be no more
h than 3.7%.
d) Taxes will be lowered by as much
b = 6.2 m as 10%.

3. Bruno bought four identical boxes of 9. Solve each inequality. Express the solution
granola. He received $6.04 in change from algebraically and graphically.
a $20.00 bill. How much did he pay for a) 15 > x + 6.2 b) -25x < 40
each box of granola? x
c) __ ≥ -10 d) 20 - x ≤ 8
5
4. Two electricians both charge a fee for a
service call, plus an hourly rate for their 10. Solve each inequality and verify the solution.
work. Theo charges a $49.95 fee plus a) 4x + 17 ≥ 35
$40.00 per hour. Vita charges a $69.95 fee x
plus $32.00 per hour. For what length of b) 8 < __ + 3
4
service call do Theo and Vita charge the c) 5x + 30 > 8x - 9
same amount?
d) 2(3 - 4x) ≤ 3(8 - 2x)

5. The equilateral triangle and the square have

11. Linda needs to hire a rubbish removal
equal perimeters. What is the side length of
service to clean up a construction site. The
the square?
Junk King charges $325 plus $110/t. The
Clean Queen charges $145/t. How many
tonnes of rubbish would make The Junk
King the better option?

3x + 4 2x + 5

450 MHR • Chapter 11

12. Lori is going to rent a climbing wall for a Chapter 10
school fun night. The rental charge for the 14. Point C is the centre of the circle.
wall is $145/h. She has at most $800 ∠DAB = 47°. What are the measures
to spend. of angles ∠DEB and ∠DCB? Justify
a) What is an inequality that can be used to your answers.
model the situation? D
b) For how many hours could Lori rent the
wall and stay within her spending limit?
C
A 47°
B

15. In the diagram, CD bisects chord AB. The

radius of the circle is 7 cm, and chord
AB = 9 cm. What is the length of CE?
Express your answer to the nearest tenth
of a centimetre.

A E
B
D

16. The radius of the circle shown is 25 mm.

The radius CG is perpendicular to the chord
EF. Chord EF is 7 mm from the centre at C.
What is the length of the chord EF?
E

C
13. A company uses two different machines to H G
make items they sell. The first machine has
made 2000 items so far and produces new
F
items at a rate of 25/h. The second machine
has made 1200 items so far and produces 17. Point C is the centre of F
new items at a rate of 45/h. When will the two concentric circles.
second machine have made more items than The radius of the smaller
the first machine? circle is 9 cm. The length C
of chord FG is 40 cm and G
it is tangent to the smaller
circle. What is the
circumference of the larger circle? Express
your answer to the nearest centimetre.

Chapters 8–11 Review • MHR 451