National security refers to the security of a nation state,

including its citizens, economy, and institutions, and is regarded

as a duty of government.
Originally conceived as protection against military attack, national
security is now widely understood to include non-military
dimensions, including economic security, energy
security, environmental security, food security, cyber security etc.
Similarly, national security risks include, in addition to the actions
of other nation states, action by violent non-state actors, narcotic
cartels, and multinational corporations, and also the effects
of natural disasters.
Governments rely on a range of measures,
including political, economic, and military power, as well
as diplomacy to enforce national security. They may also act to
build the conditions of security regionally and internationally by
reducing transnational causes of insecurity, such as climate
change, economic inequality, political exclusion, and Nuclear
proliferation.

When India first introduced the Overseas Citizenship of India

(OCI) in 2003 under the label of “dual citizenship”, potential links
between this new diasporic membership status and national
security concerns were not publicly discussed, while such
concerns influenced the shape of this membership policy and its
limitations behind closed doors. On the other hand, during an
extensive parliamentary debate on amending OCI legislation in
2005, 16 out of 34 speakers made 55 references to national
security. Based on 50 interviews with Indian policy-makers and an
extensive analysis of Parliamentary debates, this essay considers
core tenets of the securitization framework from the emigration
perspective, advancing our comprehension of discussions on
diaspora membership and dual citizenship in countries of origin.
Specifically, it sheds light on several security narratives in the
policy-making process in the lead up to the Citizenship
(Amendment) Acts of 2003 and 2005, and how perceptions of
dual citizenship as a security risk, including links to terrorism,
organized crime and diplomatic relations to other countries,
shaped the OCI. It explores how institutional paradigms and
developments in adjacent policy arenas affected the debates, and
when discourse limitations led to the omission of security
discussions in the positively framed diaspora engagement
discourse.