Students' Book answer key
01 A good
influence
Reading 1 p.8
2a 1 Generally at the beginning,
although some writers put it later (as in
paragraph 2, where it appears second).
2 examples
2b However, this is not always in ways
we might expect. (The first introduces an
idea, but the key point is made in the
second sentence.)
2c 2 and 3
3a 3
3b 2
4 C – Motivation is important in
education because it has several effects
on students’ learning and behaviour. It
encourages students to work towards a
particular goal, increases the amount of
effort and energy the student invests,
makes students more likely to begin and
continue with activities, … motivation
produces improved performance.’
5 1 A was the opposite.
2 B and D, which suggest a value
judgement, aren’t mentioned.
3 the general idea
Academic vocabulary 1 p.10
1a benefit (n.) – an advantage or
improvement that you get from
something
homeschooling (n.) – the practice of
teaching your own children at home
instead of sending them to school
negative (adj.) – bad or harmful
single-sex education (n. phr.) – a
school with only boys or only girls
positive (adj.) – hopeful and confident
institution (n.) – a large important
organisation, such as a university,
religious faith or bank
support (n.) – emotional and practical
help
reward (v.) – if you are rewarded for
something you have done, something
good happens to you or is given to you
punish (v.) – to do something
unpleasant to someone because they
have done something wrong
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
aim (n.) – something you want to
achieve
higher education (n. phr.) – education
at a college or university, rather than at a
school
carry out (phr. v.) – to do something that
has been planned or discussed, or that
someone has told you to do
1b 1 carry out 2 higher education
3 single-sex education 4 benefits
5 positive 6 homeschooling
7 negative 8 support 9 institutions
10 reward 11 punish 12 aims
2 1 attend 2 identify 3 particular
4 academic 5 invest 6 well-educated
3a 1 with 2 with 3 on 4 to 5 in
3b 2 noun, A 3 noun, F
4 noun, E 5 noun, B 6 verb, D
3c 1 challenging 2 socialise 3 effort
4 encourage 5 effect
Speaking 1 p.11
1b 1 Education,// in its modern form,//
appeared at the same time as the
industrial revolution.
2 The invention of the printing press,//
which was necessary for schools to
exist,// changed the way knowledge
could be reproduced forever.
2a 1 With industrialisation,// factories
needed a population that could read and
count,// skills which were unnecessary
for an economy which was based on
farming.
2 Teaching the population to respect
rules was also a key goal,// and even
learning knowledge was secondary to
this.// No lesson was ever considered so
important that it could continue after the
bell.
Help
- Commas and full stops indicate a
pause in the sense groups.
5 1 (natural) sciences
2 degree/bachelor’s degree
3 head teacher/head master/head
mistress/principal
4 single-sex (education)
5 higher/tertiary (education)
6 psychologist
Listening 1 p.12
1
2b 2
3b Dr Wagner mentions 1, 3 and 5.
4 The main ideas in each paragraph
are:
A People who are involved in education
need to think about the way they teach.
B Schools must work harder to train
students to become good managers so
that they can lead and influence other
people.
C Young people need to know how to
talk to people around the world.
D Young people are being taught just
seven key workplace skills and one
expert believes they will find it difficult to
get work in the future as a result.
Answer – A
5 1B 2C 3D
Language development 1
p.13
1a 1 skills, workplace 2 do 3 must
4 teach, change 5 useful 6 always
7 for 8 this 9 the 10 but
1b 1 I work well first thing in the
morning.
2 I try to write in English every day.
3 I think I have a bad understanding of
English verb forms.
4 I enjoy meeting new people and
speaking English with them.
2 Noun Verb Adjective
2 definition define defining
3 creation create creative
4 motivation motivate motivating
5 society socialise sociable/social
6 education educate educational
educated
7 development develop developing/
developed
8 intelligence --- intelligent
3a benefit, challenge, comment, design,
focus, process, reward, support
3b
assess (v) – assessment (n)
punish (v) – punishment (n)
repeat (v) – repetition (n) repeat (n)
solve (v) – solution (n)
translate (v) – translation (n)
4a 1 challenged 2 effectively
3 translate 4 definition 5 creative
6 beneficial 7 focus 8 importance
9 repetition 10 development
11 motivated 12 affect
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
Summary writing 1 p.14
1 1 words which are important to
communicate meaning
2 a mixture of both – If one word
efficiently and clearly expresses
meaning, then it’s best to write just the
one. At times, a phrase will be necessary
to keep the clarity.
3 No, because these do not
communicate meaning and would waste
time.
4 The words are in the same order, but
selected.
2a that, of, the, in, a, through
2b (Suggested answer)
36% st’s – online learning → inc. time
work/study
½ sts – tech nec. to educ.
But 78% st's → easier to learn in trad.
clsrm
3a and b (Suggested answer)
St's pref trad clsrms – But think ed →
more virt. n fut. 19% – soc med will be
used int st's in clsrm
Listening 2 p.15
1 social media (n. phr.) – websites
and other means of communication that
are used by large groups of people to
share information and to develop
personal and business contacts (e.g.
Facebook or LinkedIn)
brand (n.) a product that a particular
company makes
recruitment (n.) – the process of finding
new people to work in a company
sales (n.) – the total number of products
that are sold at a particular time
2 C
Help
- A fails to mention the final point, that
companies should find ways around this
problem.
- B fails to include the main point and
focuses on a supporting point.
- D suggests that employers only see the
negative side.
3 1 Companies want to protect their
brands from negative comments.
2 Some employees spend two hours a
day on social networking sites.
3 Potential customers can see what
employees say online.
2
Language development 2
p.16
1a 1 are currently experiencing 2 are
using 3 are reaching 4 improving
5 are also using
1b Students' own answers:
1 am/am not studying 2 like/don’t like
3 feel/don’t feel 4 go/don’t go
5 have/don’t have
2a 1 employee mood 2 positive
experiences 3 events at home
2b 1 A traffic jam blocks 2 you arrive
3 the day goes 4 Does a bad mood
5 amount is 6 studies look
7 scientists are 8 the results suggest
9 moods affect 10 the effects are
11 people bring 12 the mood has
13 changes are 14 findings mean
15 businesses help
3a 1 Department head 2 Human
Resources staff 3 Human Resources
staff 4 Candidate 5 Human
Resources staff 6 Human Resources
staff
Academic vocabulary 2 p.17
1a 1 B 2 F 3 E 4 C 5 D 6 A
1b adjective + noun: working hours,
social media, active role, potential
customer
noun + noun: development opportunities,
networking sites
2a 1 setting 2 offer 3 give
4 complete 5 make 6 establish
7 see 8 providing 9 address
10 affect
2c 2 development opportunities
3 positive feedback 4 tasks
5 arrangements 6 relationship
7 positive side 8 support 9 issue
10 work
3 1 A job B career C work
2 A listen B hear
3 A salary B wages
4 A rise B raise
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
Reading 2 p.18
2 B
Help
- These questions are annoying.
- Research results, not the writer’s view.
after ‘the researchers found that …’
3 1 Students’ own answers
2 ‘the most qualified workers preferred
not to attend interviews that use trick
questions’
Speaking 2 p.19
1a The chart illustrates the percentage
of people who are in the labour force in
four countries in the year 2012.
1b 1 is correct. 2 contains a detail,
rather than an overview, and 3 focuses
on unemployment, whereas the chart
focuses on employment.
1c A topic sentence describes what the
researchers were studying. The overview
describes the results they found.
2a A highest, 70 percent B possible
C over half, much lower D clear, gap
E illustrates
2b 1 E 2 D 3 A 4 C 5 B
3 Yes
Summary writing 2 p.20
2a 1 Summarise from written text
should have ONE sentence.
2 In the response box
3 10 minutes
4 On the quality of the writing and how
well the response presents the key
points.
2b The effect of genes on job choice.
3a Suggested answers: twin studies,
genes, environment, similar jobs
3c Twin studies have been very useful
in giving us information about whether
our genes or our environment makes us
who we are.
The research suggests that our genes
affect both the satisfaction that comes
from doing a job and the satisfaction that
comes from working conditions such as a
person’s pay or their manager.
It means that from birth, you are more
likely to prefer one occupation to another
3
and find certain jobs more satisfying than
others.
3d 1 and 2 Twin studies have shown
that genes affect many aspects of life,
and one of these is job choice.
4a 2 so 3 with the result 4 as
5 for the reason that 6 and, therefore
4b Cause Effect
so
as with the result
for the reason that therefore
4c 1 Non-identical twins do not have
the same genes, therefore they are less
likely to choose the same job.
Because non-identical twins do not have
the same genes, they are less likely to
choose the same job.
2 As genes determine our height, they
determine whether we can become
basketball players or not.
Genes determine our height, so they
determine whether we can become
basketball players or not.
3 Identical twins choose more similar
jobs than non-identical twins for the
reason that they have the same genes.
Identical twins have the same genes,
with the result that they choose more
similar jobs than non-identical twins.
Review p.22
1 1 educate 2 socialise 3 punish
4 support 5 beneficial 6 intelligence
7 influential 8 challenging
2 1 media 2 active 3 potential
4 affect 5 complete 6 negative
7 effect 8 likely
3a 1 encourages 2 likely
3 concerned 4 raise 5 reason
6 career 7 socialise 8 As
4 1 make 2 clean 3 take 4 have
5 are 6 are studying 7 exists
8 are choosing 9 are working 10 are
training 11 stay 12 are doing 13
want
02 More than a
feeling
Lead-in p. 23
2 1 Positive: hope, interest, patience,
pleasure, pride, respect, wonder
Negative: anxiety, envy, guilt, hate, pity
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
You could argue that some of the
positive ones can be negative in some
situations (e.g. pride), and vice versa.
2 Students’ own answers
3 Students’ own answers
Reading 1 p.24
2a Question 2
2b 1 1 verb 2 adjective 3 verb
4 adjective + preposition 5 (phrasal)
verb 6 verb
2 Irritated might be known with the
meaning of annoy which could help
students to understand the meaning of
irritated in this context.
Related is similar to relative/relation,
which could help.
Irritated is negative. It is followed by by
which suggests something is causing it.
Related is followed by to.
Balance is followed by level.
2c 1 A 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 B 6 B
3a Question 1
3b 1 form 2 fear 3 support
4 reasons
Help
- 1 noun 2 noun 3 noun 4 noun
- Fear and miserable have a negative
connotation, which would help with blank
2, which lists negative conditions.
Caring has positive connotations, which
could help with blank 3, which lists
positive words. Form, reasons and ways
are neutral.
- 1 of communication 2 express
3 prompt 4 culturally acceptable
4 caring – 1A 2A/B 3B 4A/D
miserable – 1A/B/D 2B 3A/B 4A/B
ways – 1C 2A/B 3A/B 4A 5D
Academic vocabulary 1 p.26
1a 1 by 2 about 3 about 4 of
5 by 6 with 7 about 8 with 9 of
10 to
1b An -ing verb follows a preposition. In
the negative form, a preposition is
followed by not and then the -ing verb.
2a 1 research 2 involve 3 generate
4 investigate 5 analyse 6 interpret
7 identify
3a 1 C 2 D 3 E 4 H 5 G 6 A
7B 8F
3b 1 figure 2 speaking 3 high
4
4 say
Speaking 1 p.27
1a A It is likely that students can guess
words from sentence 1, but not 2
because the words in 2 give little
meaning to the sentence, whereas the
words in sentence 1 carry the meaning.
B Sentence 1: disgust/emotion/people –
noun, basic – adjective, often – adverb,
experience – main verb. Sentence 2:
We/which – pronoun, are/are – verb to
be, by/to – preposition, the – article.
Nouns, main verbs, adjectives and
adverbs usually carry the meaning of a
sentence. The other words are functional
words which do not carry meaning.
1b 1 is a, that
2 disgusted, things, dangerous, body
1c 1 Disgust is a basic emotion that
people often experience.
We are disgusted by things which are
dangerous to the body.
2a 1 It’s difficult for us to control our
feelings of disgust.
2 The feeling of disgust is related to the
stomach.
3 Disgust helps us to avoid diseases and
viruses.
4 We acquire disgust through our genes
and our culture.
3 and 4 1 The presentation on disgust
will be in the Great Hall.
2 Anyone who feels ill should visit our
medical centre.
3 Feelings of nerves are common to all
university freshers.
4 Next week’s assignment will be similar
to last week’s.
5 Our exam results are consistently high
in all subjects.
6 The Students’ Union governs the use
of the sports centre.
7 Please leave any questions related to
the topic until the end.
8 Students can avoid viruses by eating
lots of fruit and vegetables.
9 To acquire a copy of the presentation,
please go to my website.
10 Copying from the internet threatens to
damage your chances of success.
5 1 emotions/feelings 2 tears/a tear
3 biology/medicine 4 jealousy/jealous,
envy/envious 5 communication
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
Listening 1 p.28
2a 1 C 2 A 3 B
2b 1 B 2 A 3 A
2c 1 Sentence 3B – the speaker says
that successful designers do this.
2 Sentence 1A – this is a minor point in a
list of possible reactions, not the main
point.
3 Sentence 2B – there is nothing in the
talk about whether surprise has been
studied.
3 2 – the lecturer states this: ‘But why
do we feel surprise?’
4 C – ‘Surprise happens when past
beliefs are proved wrong’, both examples
the speaker gives illustrate this point.
A – There is no mention of the causes of
physical effects of surprise, they are
simply listed.
B – The comment about first-hand
surprise is true, but it is only one detail in
a wider talk on two different types of
surprise.
D – The text clearly states that surprise
is stronger when events contradict
strongly held beliefs, not sudden events.
Language development 1
p.29
1a A who, that B where
C which/that D when E whose
1b That can replace who and which in
the text.
1c 1 whose 2 who’s 3 who’s
4 whose
1d 1 which/that 2 who/that
3 who/that 4 where 5 whose
6 which/that
2a 2 Fear is a high level of stress
which/that is caused by danger.
3 People who/that are frightened turn
white.
3 A person whose fear is strong might
scream.
5 Dark houses are places where people
feel frightened.
2b Possible answers:
1 which/that can be positive
2 when we are in danger
3 which/that scientists carry out
4 who works in a laboratory
5 whose, is probably upset
5
6 where people go to get emotional
advice
7 who/that, is very frightened of
something
8 which/that is dangerous to do
3b Suggested summary:
An extreme adventure break is a holiday
which is becoming increasingly popular
because people can experience fear and
excitement and learn more about the
local culture.
Writing 1 p.30
2 Discuss the arguments for and
against this view tells students that this is
an argument essay.
3 1 Not all children receive the correct
values at home so it is important to teach
values in schools.
2 There are a large number of subjects
which children need to study on the
school curriculum these days.
3 Children of different ages need a
different approach to learning values.
4 1 E 2 C/D 3 A/B 4 C/D 5 A/B
Listening 2 p.31
1 1 A opportunities B possibilities
2 A attitude B behaviour
3 A prevent B protect
4 A optimistic B pessimistic
2 C – The speaker describes people
expecting to fail.
A – clearly wrong – Students expect to
fail and don’t even try to avoid negative
situations.
B – The speaker says nothing about
positive experiences.
D – The speaker is clearly implying that
these results have been observed in
animals and humans in reliable tests.
Help
- The first sees having learned
helplessness as a good thing, and is
therefore wrong.
- The second is clearly wrong because
positive experiences aren’t mentioned.
3 1 Measuring personal experience of
happiness is easier than you would think.
2 We can use machines to scan brain
activity as it happens.
3 We get equally accurate results just
asking people how they feel.
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
Language development 2
p.32
1a 1 The animal might have
opportunities to escape
2 Nothing will have an effect
3 That child will experience that same
feeling of helplessness
1b 1 from this environment
2 on the child’s maths performance
3 on another occasion
1c 1 place 2 manner 3 time
2 1 of teenagers, in the developing
brain
2 at understanding, as adults
3 from a number, in our brain, of possible
actions
4 in teen brains, in unusual ways
3a 2A The number of 10–24-year-olds
who had tried a cigarette decreased from
1991 to 2011.
2B There was a decrease in the number
of 10–24-year-olds who had tried a
cigarette.
3A The number of 10–24-year-olds who
had not eaten any fruit increased in
2011.
3B There was an increase in the number
of 10–24-year-olds who had not eaten
any fruit in 2011.
4A The number of 10–24-year-olds who
had not eaten any vegetables increased
in 2011.
4B There was an increase in the number
of 10–24-year-olds who had not eaten
any vegetables.
4 Scientists from Stanford carried out
fascinating research on the social causes
in 2010 of emotion in 2010. They studied
female undergraduates aged between
18 and 20 from different social
backgrounds. Half of the
undergraduates were paired of the
undergraduates with actors who had
similar likes and dislikes to them. The
actors were trained to answer questions
about giving speeches by acting in front
of their partner stressed in front of their
partner. They found that the
undergraduates in the test group showed
to their partner similar physical reactions
to their partner.
6

Academic vocabulary 2 p.33
1 1 A grow up B bring up
2 A relationship B relative
3 A community B society
4 A accept B except
5 A sensible B sensitive
6 A younger generation B First
generation
2 1B 2E 3F 4C 5D 6A
3 1 injury 2 analysis 3 Despite
4 identify 5 project 6 area
7 construct 8 physical
Reading 2 p.34
1 It would be good practice to
encourage students to find good
arguments for both approaches, as they
need to get in the habit of giving
balanced arguments.
2 1 existed 2 power 3 unrealistic
4 negative
Help
- 1 verb 2 noun 3 adjective
4 adjective
- Exist is for states, happen is for actions.
- Higher, more optimistic expectations.
3 1 Happened doesn’t collocate, top
and patient aren’t the correct parts of
speech.
2 Happened and patient aren’t the
correct parts of speech, top doesn’t
collocate.
3 Happened isn’t the correct part of
speech, top and patient don’t collocate.
4 Happened and top aren’t the correct
parts of speech, patient doesn’t collocate
with about and doesn’t fit the meaning
(opposite of unrealistic).
Speaking 2 p.35
1a A diary where you write the good
things that have happened to you.
1b appreciate happiness only after
something good bad
but habit of grateful = decrease increase
happiness
gratitude journal = less more successful,
less more healthy, less more generous
1c Mostly verbs, nouns and adjectives,
because these communicate the main
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
meaning, and linking words (in the form
of symbols) because they show the
relationship between ideas.
2 Speaker 1 is more effective for all
three reasons.
4 Suggested answer:
Smiling can benefit you and other
people. Firstly, big smiles which show
teeth and use muscles around the eyes
make you feel happier and less stressed.
This is because your brain releases
chemicals that make you feel good.
Smiling can also make other people feel
good. In a Swedish study, people moved
their smile muscles when they looked at
photos of people smiling. When they
looked at photos of unhappy people, they
moved their frown muscles. So, when
you smile, other people copy you.
Writing 2 p.36
2a 3
Help
1 DNA, surroundings 2 both
3a 1 C/D 2 A/B 3 C/D 4 A/B
4a 1 on 2 which, in 3 of, on
4 which/that, for/to 5 of, where
5 Generally, students should use the
expressions of the opinions of others
everywhere, apart from the conclusion,
which could express their own view.
Evidence should be introduced by giving
examples.
Review p.38
1 1 Research, involve 2 interpret
3 identified 4 investigating, results
5 interested, data
2 1 possible 2 up 3 relationships
4 community 5 acceptable
6 response 7 sensitive 8 forms
3 1 Measuring people’s experience of
happiness
2 surprisingly accurate results
3 the world’s most frequently asked
question
4 blood flow to the brain
5 the activity of the smile muscles in the
face
6 something which people experience
naturally in a laboratory
7 the possibility that one person’s five is
another person’s six
7
8 the differences in their measurements
4 1 There has been an increase in the
number of people who own a car in my
country.
2 The number of people who own their
own home in my country has decreased
in the last 50 years.
3 There has been a rise in the number of
people who eat a good diet in my country
in the last ten years.
4 The number of people who get enough
exercise all over the world has fallen in
the last 30 years.
03 Wild world
Reading 1 p.40
1 Although answers may vary, on
average the order is:
1 watching TV (one year)
2 using the computer and phone (one
year)
3 breathing (one adult,one year)
4 flying from New York to Mumbai
(12,570 km per passenger)
5 driving (medium-sized car in Europe,
approximately 15,000 km per year)
6 heating a home (Europe, one year)
2a Facts are pieces of information that
are known to be true.
Opinions are someone’s ideas or beliefs
about something. There may not always
be agreement over whether something is
a fact or not, but students should be able
to recognise the language which
indicates facts or opinions.
2b 1 Fact 2 Fact 3 Opinion 4 Fact
5 Opinion 6 Opinion 7 Opinion
8 Opinion
2c 1 Research has shown 2 ever
recorded
3 As far as I’m concerned 4 Scientists
have proven 5 claim 6 have
suggested 7 are of the opinion
8 have argued
3a 1 ‘Artificial trees’, machines that can
remove CO2 from the air.
2 A – 10% B – 3.6 billion tons C –
$30–$600 D – $100 E – 1,000 times
3b 1 Facts – A, B, E, Opinion – C, D
2 possibly FACT – ‘research has shown
that the artificial leaves do not [need
sunlight].’
OPINION – ‘he suggests that the stores
of CO2 could be turned into liquid fuels.’
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
4 A True (Unlike real leaves, the
artificial ones do not need sunlight.)
B False (There is nothing in the text
describing the leaf’s appearance.)
C False (To remove the CO2, the leaves
are washed with water once a month, or
as needed. – implies a decision)
D True (Klaus Lackner has designed an
artificial tree to remove carbon dioxide
(CO2) from the air using ‘leaves’ that are
proven to be 1,000 times more efficient
than the real thing.)
E False (Past research has shown that
CO2 can be turned into hydrocarbon
fuels, like methanol diesel. Students may
not know the words hydrocarbon or
methanol diesel, but the word fuel should
be accessible.)
F True (At that price, which others have
claimed is completely unrealistic, some
calculate it at $600 per ton.)
G False (The text mentions the
possibility of selling the liquid fuel to oil
companies, but contains nothing on their
involvement in the project or their views)
Help
- artificial trees
- See above
Academic vocabulary 1 p.42
1a 1 environmental 2 widely
3 change 4 natural 5 environmental
6 widely 7 natural 8 change
2a 2 accurately 3 survivors
4 eventually 5 Individuals
6 transportation 7 creative
8 predictable
3a Bacteria (very small living things)
that feed on CO2 and turns it into an
alcohol.
3b 1 engineering 2 fossil fuels
3 released 4 biofuels 5 processing
6 laboratory 7 feed 8 waste
4 1 to 2 from 3 with 4 into 5 at
6 to
8
Speaking 1 p.43
1a 1 Oceans cover two thirds of the
earth’s surface.
2 Oceans regulate the earth’s climate
and weather systems.
1b The first.
2a 1 damage, focus, global
2 design, event, percent
3 benefit, chemical, justify
4 discovery, environment, participate
5 1 recycling 2 oxygen 3 solar
4 female 5 laboratory 6 tree
Listening 1 p.44
1 Most of the world’s surface has been
explored, especially by satellite.
However, very little of the world’s deep
seas and oceans has been explored.
2a It’s about the bottom of our
oceans/the deep sea.
2b 1 in fact 2 however 3 anyway
4 you know 5 well 6 so
3a 1 B 2 D 3 C 4 E 5 A
4 Option C – the creatures that exist
there (The creatures describes the living
things mentioned in the previous
sentence.)
5 All of them fit the final sentence and
are relevant to the overall meaning of the
lecture, but none of them match the
meaning of the previous sentence.
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
Language development 1
p.45
1a 1 are going to try 2 is sending
3 will know 4 is going to be
1b 1 will spend 2 is going to travel
3 will do 4 is starting 5 are going to
learn 6 are meeting
2b 1 very sure (definitely) 2 not sure
(possibly)
3 quite sure (probably)
3a 1 People are likely to become much
taller.
2 Trains are unlikely to travel less than
150 miles per hour.
3 We are likely to eat ready-cooked
meals delivered to our homes.
4 The letters C, X and Q are likely to
disappear from the alphabet.
3b 1 and 3 came true. 2 is partly true
because some trains travel at over 150
mph. 4 hasn’t come true.
Summary writing 1 p.46
1a The lecture is about the
environment/global warming.
1b 1 people 2 because 3 negative
4 results in 5 Talk 6 about 7 positive
8 to
1c With a symbol: results in (=)
With the first three/four letters: negative
(neg.), positive (pos.)
By taking out the vowels: people (ppl),
talk (tlk)
With a special abbreviation: because
(b/c), about (abt)
With a number: to (2)
1d ppl tired of global warming b/c focus
neg. e.g. lives affected. = ppl feel
depressed
suggest tlk abt pos stories2, tlk abt pos.
effect of actions 2 motivate ppl
9
2a Students’ own ideas, but suggest:
but – bt
environment – environ./env.
especially – esp
for example – eg
great – gr8/grt
increase – incr
problem – prblm/prob.
research – res./rsch
smaller than – smller than
twice – x2
very – v.
with – w/
2b It’s about garbage in the Pacific
Ocean.
2c Suggested answer:
Journalists make things sound worse.
Sci too. Grt Pacific Garbage Patch –
plastic waste collects in ocean. Sci
claimed x2 size of Texas/x20 size
England. New rpt – v. serious prob 4
environ. Bt not as grt as said. Garbage
area smaller than Texas. + plastic feeds
some tiny creatures. Rep. concludes –
shldn’t remove garbage. Foc. on stp
more in ocean in future.
3 Sentence 2
Sentence 1 includes information that was
not mentioned in the lecture, i.e. how the
journalists feel about writing the different
types of stories. Sentence 3 talks about
global warming, but not how it is
reported.
4 Suggested answer:
A new report suggests that scientists can
sometimes make things sound worse
than they are. / A new report suggests
that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is
not as big as scientists thought.
Listening 2 p.47
1a 1 C 2 E 3 F 4 A 5 B 6 D
1b Suggested answers:
wild: tiger, elephant
domestic: cat
does not breed easily in zoos: panda
has a leader in the group: gorilla,
lion
feeds its babies for several months:
lion, rhino, some monkeys
2 B – follow (people/animals follow a
leader)
3 1 Service animals have become a
common feature of modern society.
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
2 Pets offer emotional support to sick
and elderly people.
3 Dogs are able to provide assistance to
people with disabilities.
Language development 2
p.48
1b 1 E 2 A 3 D 4 B 5 C 6 F
1c 1 Present simple after if, etc. Either
present simple (zero conditional) OR
will/might + infinitive (first conditional)
2 Sentence 1 is a general truth (zero
conditional), Sentences 2–6 are future
possibilities (firstconditional).
3 When If, etc. comes first in the
sentence.
4 If = used with things which might
happen; unless = used to say that
something will happen if another thing
doesn’t happen, or isn’t true, means if
not; provided that = used for things that
you want to happen, but which are only
possible after another event
2a 3 If plants die out, small animals will
find it hard to live.
4 When people build roads through
forests, large animals have a smaller
area to hunt in.
5 Unless large animals have enough
space to find food, they will die out.
6 Provided that roads are carefully
planned, the environment will be easier
to manage.
7 Unless large animals are protected,
tourism will suffer.
3a Hunting animals
3b 1 are 2 will quickly become
3 results 4 control 5 will be 6 is
7 is 8 will die out 9 will need/need
10 decide
Academic vocabulary 2 p.49
2a They make the words negative.
2b Possible, expensive and helpful are
all adjectives, abilities is a noun. NB The
prefix changes the meaning of the word,
but it does not change the part of
speech.
2c 1 unimportant 2 common
3 expensive 4 disadvantage
5 unpleasant 6 unlikely
7 dislike 8 unable 9 indirectly
10
3 Suggested answer: Insects kill
crops, which has a large effect on our
economy, but they also provide food,
help the fishing industry to survive, keep
land in good condition and spread seeds
from one flower to another, which is
necessary for life.
Reading 2 p.50
1 1C 2A 3B
2 A True (1,400 people died that day,
some of them surely died because they
loved their pets too much.)
B False (We know the brain reacts to
animals, but there is nothing about the
parts of the brain which deal with this.)
C True (It also explains why we feel
strongly about an animal such as a baby
seal, yet care so little about one like the
much rarer – but rather ugly – Chinese
salamander.)
D False (Why then should we invest
time, money and love in animals who are
unlikely to ever return the favour?)
E True (I believe our love for pets comes
from three features of human nature:
natural instincts, culture and empathy.
The human brain makes us feel warm
and happy when we see baby cheeks
and big eyes.)
F False (Nothing in the text addresses
this directly.)
G False (… we would expect that pet-
keeping would, like music, be found in all
human societies. This is not the case.)
Help
- Evidence suggests people died in the
hurricane to save their pets.
- Paragraph 3 talks about three features
of the human brain, but doesn’t talk
about the parts of the brain.
Speaking 2 p.51
1 1 An eel is a snake-shaped fish. It is
born in salt water.
2 changes in shape, size, colour and
habitat/ environment
3 Possible answers: life cycle, eel,
shape/size/colour, environment
2 1 where 2 the second stage
3 When 4 During 5 also 6 After that
7 finally
3 1 He starts in a good place.
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
2 He only covers a couple of stages.
3 He doesn’t use time connectors.
4 Although he speaks fluently, he paused
for too long and the computer has cut
him off.
Summary writing 2 p.52
2 1 an interview 2 a summary
3 50–70 4 10 minutes 5 On how well
your summary presents the key points
presented in the interview.
3 Suggested answer:
Thought 4 long time: animals have
friendships b/c biology/continue genes.
Growing evidence that animals are
generous and help each other. Don’t
expect anything back.
e.g. 2 chimpanzees, hunted, shared
food, favour not returned 4 months.
Friends between diff. species: know very
little. Starting to look more closely.
4a 1 They believed that animals had
friends for biological reasons, to continue
their genes.
2 No, they don’t. They believe that
animals can have true friendships.
4b Suggested answer:
Scientists thought that animals only had
friends to protect their genes, but now
they know this is not true.
5a 1 Scientists know that animals can
be generous and help each other without
expecting anything in return.
2 Two chimpanzees who hunted
together, shared food and helped each
other.
5b Suggested answer:
A1 B2
6a 1 E 2 B 3 F 4 D 5 C 6 A
6b Link two sentences: whereas,
although, while, and yet.
Start a new sentence: However, On the
other hand
6c 2 Scientists believed that only
humans had real friendships. However,
they now believe this is not true.
3 Scientists believed that animals have
friends to protect their genes, while
humans have them for emotional
purposes.
4 Scientists believed that animals are not
generous, whereas humans are.
5 Some animals do a favour for a friend
and yet they do not expect one in return.
11
6 One chimpanzee helped another,
although he did not expect a favour in
return.
7 Scientists are learning about
friendships between animals of the same
species. On the other hand, they know
very little about friendships between
animals from different species.
8 Possible summary:
Scientists thought that animals only had
friends to protect their genes, but now
they know this is not true. They believe
animals can be generous and help each
other without expecting help in return.
For example, two male chimpanzees
who did not return favours to each other
for months. Scientists are learning more
about friendships between animals from
the same species. On the other hand,
they know very little about friendships
between animals from different species.
Review p.54
1a disappeared, indirectly, inexpensive,
dislike, unlikely, unpleasant, impossible,
unusual
1b 1 impossible 2 unlikely 3 dislike
4 unusual 5 unpleasant
6 inexpensive 7 disappeared
8 indirectly
2 1 feature 2 dropped 3 accurately
4 will be 5 feed 6 removed 7 unable
8 social 9 is starting 10 discoveries
3 1 widely 2 community 3 natural
4 modern 5 environmental 6 focus
7 attitudes 8 leaders 9 policies
10 reduce
4 1 think … believe
2 hear … do not understand
3 are educated … won’t change
4 understand … will introduce
5 will reduce … introduce
6 reduce … will continue
04 The global village
Lead-in p.55
1 1 Suggested answer:
We can travel to different countries
easily, we can communicate very easily,
business is much more international
these days.
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
3 A
2 Suggested answers:
business – companies operate all over
the world, but small businesses may
suffer
language – more people learning English
which could impact on local language
shopping – global brands, quality could
be affected sport – international games
like the Olympics and the World Cup are
very popular
travel – people can travel between
countries more easily, but it is damaging
the environment
work – people can work in multinational
companies and work in different
countries, but local people may lose jobs
to people in other countries
Reading 1 p.56
2a A 1st B 2nd, 3rd and 4th C 5th
2b A 5 C 2 D 4 E 3
3a 2 chemical 3 company in Taiwan
4 chemical 5 plastic 6 bodies of the
dolls 7 bodies of the dolls 8 bodies of
the dolls, nylon hair, cotton dresses
3b Topic – 1st, Supporting points –
2nd–7th,
Concluding – 8th
4 C, B, E, A, D
Help
- transferring every box each time the
goods were moved
- the shipping system required many
changes
- the shipping container
Academic vocabulary 1 p.58
1a Suggested answer:
Many countries transport goods from
Asia to America and Europe and avoid
the long and dangerous route around
South America.
1b 1 innovation 2 required 3 invest
4 equipment 5 distribution
6 contribute
2 1D 2G 3E 4C 5A 6B
7F
3a How the ship industry started to
focus on the cruise industry after the
development of commercial aeroplanes.
3b 1 abroad 2 routes 3 journey
4 crossing 5 sights 6 destination
12

7 board 8 transport
3c 1 travel 2 see 3 made 4 sail
5 boarded 6 reached 7 set off
Speaking 1 p.59
1a 1 is the correct intonation. The final
word is stressed the most in each
sentence. The voice rises on the
stressed syllable of that word and then
falls.
1b The same intonation.
4 1 She pauses for longer than three
seconds and the microphone switches
off.
2 She forgets the words.
3 She goes back and starts again from
the beginning.
4 She doesn’t speak with good
intonation.
5 1 (A) cruise ship 2 (They) invest
3 (A) passenger 4 (A) canal
5 (A) factory/factories/plant/plants
Listening 1 p.60
1a key features – most important or
interesting part of something
organise – plan or arrange something
drive-through – a restaurant or bank,
etc. you can use without getting out of
your car
flat-pack – furniture that is sold in a box
and has to be put together
predictable – behaving or happening in
a way you expect
2a annoyed – They might raise their
voice a little, their intonation goes down,
they speak more quickly, and less
smoothly.
enthusiastic – Their voice will go up and
down more than usual, they might speak
more quickly, they might place emphasis
on positive words.
surprised – Some words will be said
slowly, and they might repeat things.
Their tone of voice will go up more.
worried – They might speak more slowly,
their voice will go down at the end of
sentences more noticeably, they might
stress negative words.
2b 1 enthusiastic 2 annoyed
3 worried 4 surprised
2c 1 Speakers 1–3 use specific words,
(1 = successful, so clean, easily, 2 =
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
dangerous, trouble, 3 = I don’t know how
much longer)
2 Voices tend to go up and down more
dramatically for enthusiasm (speaker 1)
and surprise (speaker 4).
3 Speaker 4 clearly repeats the statistics.
3a 2 – The speaker talks about the
companies making money by getting
customers to do their work for them, and
companies making products people don’t
really need (quick cook pasta).
3b √ A enthusiastic about the name
chosen for this business style.
× B happy about the appearance of
‘McDonaldisation’ in education.
× C worried that furniture delivery
companies would lose business.
√ D surprised that customers quickly
agreed to take on some tasks.
× E annoyed that pasta companies
misrepresent their products.
× F pleased that standards of
restaurants are the same around the
world.
√ G unsure that the customer receives
a better deal from this system.
Help
See above
Language development 1
p.61
1a 1 described, seemed, were
spreading
2 appeared, were doing 3 were, was
4 used to advertise, cooked, needed,
were saving 5 went, could
1c past simple, past continuous and
used to
2a 1 were you doing 2 got, were the
others in your house doing 3 arrived,
were you talking 4 did you like, were
5 were you dreaming, woke up
6 were you thinking, were travelling
7 Did you get 8 was wearing, saw
3a 1 telephone 2 computer
3 television 4 car 5 steam engine
4a 1 A risk society describes how hard
it is to plan for risks these days.
2 Risks stopped being things that nations
could control themselves.
4b 1 could/were able to 2 invented
3 happened/used to happen
4 paid/used to pay 5 stopped
6 began 7 were causing
13
8 changed 9 affected 10 used to
be/was 11 used to
experience/experienced 12 didn’t
have/didn’t use to have
Writing 1 p.62
2a Argue either for or against this view.
Advantages could include boosting the
economy, improving transport links,
sharing culture with other nations, better
hospitals.
Disadvantages could include a decrease
in values (through alcohol consumption
or clashing cultures), damage to natural
resources, international companies
removing profits.
3a the economy
3b P = Tourism can have a positive
effect on the economy of a country.
I = In fact, no other industry in the world
employs as many people as tourism. In
2011, when the global economy was
suffering serious difficulties, tourism still
grew.
E = So there are strong economic
reasons for a country to consider
encouraging tourism.
Listening 2 p.63
1a 1 classical 2 disappearing
3 endangered 4 secrets 5 century
6 legend
1b There are several words in English
which students might have seen:
rain – shower, pouring, mist, drizzle,
coming down in buckets, chucking it
down, etc.
windy – stormy, breezy, blowing,
draughty, a gale, gusty
sunny – clear, bright, pleasant
snowy - blizzard
Some words possibly have more
synonyms than others because the type
of weather they describe is more
common in the country where the
language is spoken (e.g. English as it is
spoken in Britain has developed a wider
vocabulary for rain than sun).
2 ✓ A interested in how the number
of words for snow has attracted attention.
× B surprised that the different kinds of
snow make so many words necessary.
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
× C annoyed that foreigners find it
hard to learn the difficult vocabulary.
✓ D aware that several words may
describe the same physical thing.
× E confident that they understand life
in a different way.
Help
See above
Yes, Who knows the real answer?
The Inuit experience of snow doesn’t
actually help us understand these issues
that much. Lots of languages have more
than one word for something.
3 1 An ancient text may hold secrets
which were lost centuries ago.
2 The ancient names for plants have
taught researchers about possible
medicines.
3 Information may soon disappear
forever as fewer people read classical
languages.
Language development 2
p.64
1 1D 2B 3A 4C
2a 1 would live 2 would be 3 would
eat 4 would have 5 would drive
6 would own
2b 1 spoke, wouldn’t understand
2 would need, wanted 3 had,
could/would be able to 4 were, would
be 5 would be, had 6 were, would
probably use 7 would be, were
8 owned, could/would be able to
3a 1 told 2 wouldn’t 3 wouldn’t
4 would be 5 wouldn’t 6 didn’t
7 spoke 8 wouldn’t 9 would be
10 told 11 would be 12 would be
3b One day, Professor Richard
Wiseman had an idea. If he created a
project called LaughLab, he’d be able to
search for the funniest international
joke. If he created a website, he’d attract
interest from people all over the world. If
he attracted interest from people all over
the world, he’d have the opportunity to
collect thousands of jokes. And if he
published those jokes, other people
could/would be able to rate them. So
that’s exactly what he did and the result
was a winning joke by a 31-year-old
psychiatrist from Manchester, UK.
Academic vocabulary 2 p.65
14

1a 1 individual 2 historical
3 national 4 political 5 social
6 earlier 7 equal 8 International
1b individual differences, historical
period, national identity, political parties,
social responsibility, earlier times, equal
opportunities, international organisations
1c 1 individual differences 2 national
identity 3 earlier times 4 political
parties 5 social responsibility
6 international organisations 7 equal
opportunities 8 historical period
2a 2 differences 3 effectively
4 communication 5 speakers
6 speech 7 symbolise 8 co-operate
9 non-standard
3a 1 It refers to the fact that a larger
percentage of the population is older.
2 all societies
3b 1 revolution 2 medical 3 roles
4 range 5 relevant 6 majority
7 individuals 8 diverse 9 located
10 immigration
Reading 2 p.66
2 D C A B
Help
- D has no back references, so is
probably the first one.
- In other words introduces another way
of saying that something is simple, easy
to pronounce and has no particular
meaning.
3 To check that it all makes sense and
the ideas link appropriately.
Speaking 2 p.67
1a English as a world language
1b Student 1 correctly identifies the
main point.
Student 2 has picked up on details.
1c 1 spoken every country continent,
learnt by adults schoolchildren
2 language of sci, music global business
and popular culture
3 few lots of people think Eng. spread
more
1d 1 spreading 2 national language
3 start to disappear, computer translation
and speech recognition
2 Yes, he took good notes because he
is able to re-tell the lecture quite fluently
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
and cover the main point and supporting
points.
3 Possible answer:
English is the most successful world
language in history, but one academic
believes it’ll be used less in future.
English is spoken in every continent. It’s
learnt by schoolchildren everywhere and
is spoken in science, business, etc. So,
lots of people think that it’ll spread more.
But only 330 million people speak it as a
first language and this population isn’t
spreading. Non-English-speaking
countries won’t make English a national
language and so English will start to
disappear, replaced by technology.
4 Possible answer:
Language and culture are connected so
some people worry that English will
affect their local culture. Esperanto was
created in 1887 by a doctor who wanted
to make a new language with no culture
or politics. He wanted people to
communicate and understand each other
better. We don’t know exactly how many
people speak it, but around a million
have studied it at some point.
Writing 2 p.68
2 Language and the cultures with
them are disappearing every week.
When they go, we lose knowledge,
heritage and different ways of viewing
the world, so we should try to save
minority languages, cultures and
traditions. Argue either in support of this
view or against it.
Help
- traditions
- persuasive – Argue either in support of
this view or against it.
3a Supporting: a description of
possible ways of saving a language, a
description of why these cultures are
important
Against: a discussion of the usefulness
of international languages
Either: a discussion of whether it is
possible to save these cultures, a
description of why these cultures are
disappearing, a discussion of the cost
and finding money to save culture
5a Possible answers:
1 we would lose a part of our national
identity.
15
2 future generations won’t be able to
enjoy them.
3 they can still be taught in schools.
4 they will not be able to get a good job.
5 they will get a better job.
6 they can be studied at a later date.
Review p.70
1 1 argued 2 had never been
3 have since found 4 realised 5 had
become 6 decided 7 used
8 dropped 9 were working 10 turned
11 caused 12 reflected 13 had
already changed
2 1 want … will need 2 go … will be
3 will understand … speak 4 offer …
will try 5 will spend … import 6 do …
don’t have to 7 don’t want … is
8 won’t get … try
3 1 require 2 contribute 3 foreign
4 creates 5 innovations 6 equipment
7 process 8 distribution
4 1 earlier times 2 identity 3 role
4 social responsibility 5 individual
6 majority 7 range 8 international
Mystery word – relevant
05 Sensational
Lead-in p.71
2 1 someone cleaning their teeth
2 someone chopping food 3 scissors
snipping 4 someone turning a tap on
and off 5 someone cleaning windows
6 boiling water
Reading 1 p.72
1a 1 C 2 A 3 D 4 B 5 E
2a The first is informal, the second is
formal and academic.
2b 1 C 2 A 3 D 4 E 5 B
2c Guys who can really play the guitar
or the drums know absolutely loads
about music and sounds. And one or two
can say the name of a note as soon as
they hear it. Anyway, this means that
having to listen to other noises around
them every day really starts to suck, and
stops them getting on with other stuff like
working or sleeping.
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
Musicians are aware of sounds in
general, and in fact, some even have the
ability to recognise pitch, identifying a
note without comparing it to any other
sound. However, for those who notice
sounds, any form of noise can be
emotionally upsetting, and distract them
from doing more productive tasks such
as relaxation and sleep.
3 1 either 2 evidence 3 separates
4 accounted 5 although
Help
- Whether or either, whether doesn’t fit
grammatically
- Clues is informal, evidence is more
often used in the context of research
Academic vocabulary 1 p.74
1a 1 western society – the ideas and
ways of doing things which come from
Europe and North America
2 literary texts – stories, plays or poems
3 factual information – written material
based on information that is believed to
be true
4 free access – be able to use
something without paying
5 virtual communities – a group of
people who only talk through the internet
6 popular media – television,
magazines, radio, etc. which provide
entertainment people like
7 wider audience – a larger number of
people who see or hear a particular
writer’s work
8 powerful influence – something which
strongly affects how others think or
behave
2a 1 specific 2 beneficial 3 acquire
4 category 5 alternatives
3a 1 Illegal downloads 2 recording
artist 3 advance 4 album
5 commission 6 released 7 hit
8 produce 9 on tour 10 promotion
11 broadcast 12 media
4a 1 A creative B create C creativity
2 A entertainment B entertaining
C entertain
3 A literature B literate C literacy
4b 1 -ity, ability, community
2 -ment, entertainment, enjoyment
3 -ture, literature, creature
4 -ive, creative, native
5 -ing, entertaining, worrying
6 -ate, literate, private
16

Speaking 1 p.75
1a Noun endings:
-cy – third from the end
-ity– third from the end
-ment – first
-tion/-sion– second from the end
Adjective endings:
-ive – second from the end
-able – third from the end
-tional – third from the end
NB Although these words stress the third
from the end, if the word is shorter than
three syllables, they need to reduce the
rule by one (i.e. second from the
end, etc.).
2 1 The best way to describe the
advantages of digital sound technology is
quality.
2 The improvements are clearer in action
films.
3 There is often an intentional decision to
make objects sound as though they are
flying around the room.
Listening 1 p.76
1 soundtrack – the recorded music
from a film
comedy – entertainment intended to
make people laugh
panic – a sudden, strong feeling of fear
or anxiety that makes you do things
without thinking carefully
tension – a nervous and anxious feeling
scene – a short part of a play or film,
when the events happen in one place
pitch – how high or low a sound is
volume – the amount of sound produced
download – to receive information or
programs on a computer
share illegally – use a file or song
without paying
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
2a aloud – allowed
guessed – guest
here – hear
hire – higher
peace – piece
sail – sale
scene – seen
week – weak
whether – weather
worn – warn
2b 1 here/hear 2 hire/higher
3 scene/seen 4 worn/warn
5 whether/weather
2c 1 hear 2 Higher 3 scene
4 warn 5 whether
3 1 sales 2 action 3 positive
4 directly 5 cut 6 advertisements
Language development 1
p.77
1a 1 is more negative because of the
use of little/few. It means there wasn’t
enough.
2 is more positive because of the use of
a little/a few. It means there wasn’t a lot,
but it was enough.
1b 1 little 2 many 3 Few 4 A few
5 a lot of 6 much 7 a little 8 few
1c 1 too little 2 showed too many
3 Too few/ Not enough 4 Not enough
5 too much 6 too little/wasn’t enough
7 too little 8 enough
2a 2 Just under half 3 A quarter
4 One in five 5 One in every fifty
6 Almost one out of five
2b 1 95 percent of the population listen
to music and watch films.
2 17 percent of people do arts and crafts.
3 5 percent of women visit entertainment
venues.
4 40 percent of men read.
5 47 percent of women read.
6 1 percent of Australians attend courses
to learn a hobby.
7 56 percent of women participate in
community activities. 8 22 percent of
women and 17 percent of men socialise.
2c Suggested answers:
1 Almost all of the population listen to
music and watch films.
2 Almost one in six people do arts and
crafts.
3 One out of every 20 women visits
entertainment venues.
4 Two-fifths of men read.
17
5 Just under half of women read.
6 One out of a hundred Australians
attends courses to learn a hobby.
7 Just over half of women participate in
community activities.
8 Almost a quarter of women and almost
one in six men socialise.
Summary writing 1 p.78
1a Suggested answers:
Advantages: You can listen without
disturbing other people, you can listen to
music everywhere.
Disadvantages: They aren't good for
your ears, they make you unsociable.
2a 3 is the most appropriate.
2b 1 includes information that is not
correct (80 percent).
3 does not cover the main point of the
talk, but instead covers a supporting
point.
3a C, B, A
3b In quiet places most people listen to
music at a sensible level. Unfortunately,
they turn it up too loud in places with a
lot of background noise. However, they
do not know their hearing has been
damaged until several years later.
4 1 is most appropriate. 2 includes
information not discussed in the lecture.
3 includes correct information, but the
speaker did not make this conclusion.
5b Suggested answer:
Using an electronic device to stop
teenagers from hanging around outside
shops is against their human rights. The
device makes a sound that only young
people can hear so they soon move
away. However, the device could
damage their hearing. As a result, we
should focus our attention on creating
better facilities for young people to use.
Listening 2 p.79
2a The topic is language and colour,
specifically the colour blue. How much
information the students get will depend
on the strategies they use.
3 related, faster, beginning, arose,
vegetables
4 place, basic, perceive, selected,
paintings
5 position, simple, see, chosen, art
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
1 Yes
2 Yes – The only way to do this task is to
listen carefully. You cannot notice the
incorrect words by reading only.
Language development 2
p.80
1 1 faster, more effective 2 less
able, fewer
3 as green as 4 more popular 5 more
important 6 as common, as
2a 2 six times higher than 3 ten times
greater than 4 five times more popular
5 twice as popular as 6 twice as high
as
3a 1 best-looking 2 most
northerly/northernmost 3 best
4 loveliest 5 easiest
4a 1 easily 2 new 3 continually
4 commercially 5 invisible 6 easily
7 newly 8 simply 9 quietly
10 horizontally 11 exceptional
12 theoretically
Academic vocabulary 2 p.81
1a 1 define 2 item 3 design
4 principle 5 interact 6 theory
7 select 8 perceive
2a 1 E 2 F 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 D
2b 1 basically 2 obviously
3 Interestingly 4 actually 5 unusually
6 Personally
3a 1 B 2 F 3 D 4 G 5 A 6 E
7C
Reading 2 p.82
2 1 challenges 2 Previous
3 participants 4 drawing 5 tended
Help
- He disagrees – studies of vision and
attention generally ignored individual
factors such as sex, race and age.
challenges
- a noun, before cannot fill this blank
- Yes. Beings is from philosophy, players
is from sport and characters is for drama.
3 1 1, 3 and 5
2 In 2 it was meaning and grammar, in 4
it was collocation with attention.
Speaking 2 p.83
18
1a People in the United States do not
visit eye doctors when they have a
medical problem.
1b The main reason for not seeking eye
care is due to not being able to afford the
treatment.
2a 1 other 2 cost/no insurance 3 no
eye doctor/travel/appointment
2b the number of people who either did
not need treatment or hadn’t thought of it
3 1 the most common 2 as high as
3 greater than 4 the least common
4 The second is better because the
speaker turns the categories in the table
into noun phrases that can be used in a
sentence, and identifies key trends, and
then gives detail. The first just repeats
detail and cannot really use the words in
sentences.
Summary writing 2 p.84
1 arrest – when the police take
someone away because they think they
have done something illegal
suspect – someone who may be guilty
of a crime
evidence – facts shown in court in order
to prove that someone is guilty or not
guilty
weapon – something that is used to
attack people or to fight against people
court – the place or the people who
make a legal judgement, for example
about whether someone is guilty of a
crime
eyewitness – someone who sees a
crime or accident
commit – to do something wrong or
illegal
judge – the person who controls a court
of law and decides how criminals should
be punished
jury – a group of twelve ordinary people
in a court who decide whether someone
is guilty
guilty – having done something that is a
crime
victim – someone who has been hurt,
attacked or killed because of something
bad
The typical order is: E, G, D, B, A, C, F.
However, G, D, B and A could be done
at the same time or in a slightly different
order.
2 1 a short lecture
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
2 a summary for a fellow student who
was not present at the lecture
3 It should be between 50 and 70 words.
3 Suggested answer:
Every year, 75,000 eyewitnesses identify
criminal suspects, but 1/3 are wrong.
1974 experiment: 2000 ppl watched
video. 14% identified criminal
Ppl make mistakes b/c fear, poor lighting,
weapon.
Argument 4 eyewitnesses: part of legal
system, history
Argument against eyewitnesses: now
scientific evidence
4a Eyewitnesses should not be used.
6a 1 E 2 C, F 3 B 4 A, D
6b Every year, 40 percent of criminals
are wrongly identified because the
witnesses’ memories change. An
experiment in 1974 showed that the
reasons for this are poor lighting,
weapons, fear and time. Now, scientific
evidence can give us more accurate
information about how a crime was
committed.
6c The summary in Exercise 6a is
accurate, but omits mention of the
research which supports the main idea. It
does follow a kind of PIE format,
although the topic sentence suggests
that the writer’s view is that witness
evidence is inaccurate, whereas actually
this is what research tells us. The
speaker’s viewpoint is actually that we
should not continue to use it in court. A
question is not appropriate in a
summary. The ideas are linked and there
are 50 word, so it just fulfils the exam
criteria.
The summary in 6b is inaccurate (14
percent, not 40 percent). The experiment
did not tell us why memories change. It
does not give information about the
writer’s view that witness evidence
should not continue to be used. The PIE
format is followed at first although the
final sentence could be more effective. It
is only 49 words long so does not meet
exam criteria.
8 Example answer:
The legal system should change
because eyewitnesses often make
mistakes. A 1974 experiment showed
that just 14 percent of people could
correctly identify a criminal they saw
commit a crime on video which is a lower
percentage than guessing. Fear, poor
19
lighting, weapons and time are all causes
6 share 7 interact 8 factual
of this. Now that accurate scientific
9 actively 10 powerful
evidence is available, we need to
consider whether to continue to use
eyewitnesses. 06 City intelligence
Review p. 86 Reading 1 p.88

2a 1 C 2 E 3 A 4 B 5 D
1 1 a few 2 little 3 too much
2b 1 E 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 B
4 not enough/ few 5 not
3a Text A – to persuade the reader that
enough/little 6 too many
cities need to prepare for increased
2 1 Most people listen to music once a
populations.
day.
Text B – to contrast two cities, although
2 Just under 50 percent of the group
there is also some comparison.
read books.
3b Text A – it is important; they must
3 A third of teenagers enjoy watching
invest. Plus reasons why Songdo is
sport.
leading the way.
4 One in five people do an outdoor
Text B – the similarities end there, on the
activity each week.
other hand, smaller, While
5 A quarter of the class do arts and
4 B
crafts.
5a ... do not be mistaken about the
6 Almost one in ten children at the school
potential lack of privacy that
have piano lessons.
accompanies it. Buildings and homes will
3 The increase in popularity of ebooks
be monitored at all times and cameras in
means that it is now more common for
the streets will see who is doing what
writers to publish a book themselves and
and when.
publishers are not as more important
5b A You would expect to see positive
as they used to be. However, knowing
language describing the city.
which is the most appropriate choice for
C You would expect to see more
you can be difficult. Writers might have a
reference to the environment and
greater chance of being successful if
negative language associated with it.
they have the support of a publisher who
D You would expect there to be other
will spend larger large amounts of money
cities mentioned and words like similar
on promoting the book. They will also
to.
give you an advance, so financially it
may be the best option. On the other
hand, finding a publisher to publish your Academic vocabulary 1 p.90
book is not as easy as publishing your
own. For this reason it may be better 1 1 Rural 2 spaces 3 Traffic
more good for a writer to publish the 4 land 5 save 6 fresh
book themselves and sell it at a price 2a 1 E 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 D 6 F
which is less expensive than the one you 3a 1 monitors 2 experts 3 assess
would like to charge. Once readers give 4 similarities 5 potential 6 Despite
positive feedback, other readers will be 7 energy
happy to purchase the book at the more 3b For current answers, check the
high higher price. It can also take ten internet. The top 5 in 2012 were 1 Tokyo,
times as long to get a book published 2 Luanda, 3 Osaka, 4 Moscow, 5
by a publisher than by yourself, so Geneva. However, cities like N’Djamena
self-publishing can bring faster results in in Chad have featured in the top 5.
the least less amount of time. 4a 1 re- 2 over- 3 mis-
4 1 literacy 2 improvement 4b 1 over- 2 mis- 3 re-
3 entertainment 4 creativity 4c 1 re 2 re 3 re 4 over 5 mis
5 celebrities 6 tension 7 promotion 6 over 7 mis
8 production
5 1 emotional 2 perceive
3 process 4 work 5 entertaining

PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key 20

Speaking 1 p.91 D is wrong because it wasn’t the first city
built in a difficult location, and misses
some information.
1a 1 The first word ends in a Help
consonant. - the journey, the working conditions, the
2 The second word begins with a vowel. high death rate – this does not reflect the
1b There is no pause as the words are text
linked together as if they are one word. - So and that is why do not reflect the
2a 1 New technology has a role to play reasons for choosing the location.
in innovation.
2 We could invest in effective public
transport. Language development 1
3 We should attempt to lower the p.93
amount of traffic on roads.
4 One solution is a system of electric
1a 1 building (although to build is also
cars to hire on-demand.
possible) 2 to construct 3 working
5 Another is an electric bus with an
4 to provide 5 to prevent, running away
open bottom for cars to drive under.
6 to provide 7 to find, using 8 to build
6 If little action is taken, we could
1c 1 died from working, prevent them
experience energy shortages.
from running, prevent them from using
3 1 Nine out of ten British people live
2 decided to construct, had to provide
in towns and cities.
3 began building, began to build
2 Larger numbers of city residents
4 hard to find, impossible city to build
means greater car ownership.
5 to prevent, cleared to provide
3 Our future well-being depends on
2a 1 attracting 2 to find 3 to rent
action we take now.
4 finding 5 to walk 6 getting 7 living
4 The impact of climate change could
8 visiting
result in floods.
3a 1 to keep 2 having 3 to
5 Public transport is the best way to
leave/leaving 4 to create 5 to
travel to university.
discourage 6 sleeping 7 To make
6 Cycle lanes make it safer to travel by
8 camping 9 to switch on 10 to drive
bike.
11 to protect 12 adding 13 building
7 Cities need to invest more money in
14 to prevent 15 hanging around
road systems.
8 An increase in population will result in
fewer resources. Writing 1 p. 94
9 The bus will depart from outside the
building in five minutes. 2 Many have argued that the best
10 Street lighting allows people to walk solution to the problems … Do you agree
home safely at night. with this view?
5 1 public (transport) 2 rent 3b 1 Megacities appeared for the first
3 desert 4 rain 5 forest/wood time last century 2 we are seeing cities
6 overestimate with populations of over 20 million
3 these large cities bring new problems,
Listening 1 p.92 which have never been experienced
before 4 Overcrowding and transport
are particularly challenging in the modern
2 1C 2B 3A 4D
world. 5 Although there are several
3 1 mass 2 geographical
solutions to these difficulties, none of
compromise 3 ethnical compromise
these are without problems.
4 safety 5 Eeconomic reasons
4 C is correct.
A is wrong because it misses the last
point.
B is wrong because the location makes it
difficult, not helpful.

PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key 21

Listening 2 p.95
2 B
A – wrong – They have chosen to
transform garages.
C – wrong – The location was not
chosen to be close to work opportunities.
D – wrong – They have to share cooking
and bathing facilities.
3 1 Affordable housing is an important
issue for all members of society.
2 Attracting skilled workers to a city with
expensive housing is hard.
3 Without a home, people have no hope
of escaping poverty.
4a A – ‘Because housing is too
expensive in the city, people have had to
move into garages.’
C – ‘The houses will help people get to
work more quickly because of their
central location.’
D – ‘They will each have their own
bedroom, shower room, kitchen and
garage.’
4b 1 housing is an important issue for
all, members of 2 city with expensive,
housing is 3 without a home, no hope
of escaping
Language development 2
p.96
1a 1 unrest 2 opportunities 3 rights
4 wider 5 skills
2a 1 majority 2 reversible/irreversible
3 minimum 4 consequences
5 depression 6 ignored 7 central
8 daily
3a 1 traffic congestion 2 nuclear
power 3 organised crime (crime
committed by large groups under
powerful leaders) 4 drug abuse
5 disability rights (giving people with
permanent injuries equal access to
public buildings and opportunities)
6 unemployment
4a Possible answers:
2 If the gap between the rich and poor
grows, there is likely to be more social
unrest around the world.
3 If women have to work long hours in
the future, professional childcare will be
a major issue.
4 If oil runs out, we will not be able to
make things from plastic anymore.
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
5 If the media continues to show violent
content, very young children might start
displaying violent behaviour.
6 If more than half the population is over
60, we would have to increase the
retirement age to 70, or even older.
Academic vocabulary 2 p.97
1a 1 unrest 2 opportunities 3 rights
4 wider 5 skills
2a 1 majority 2 reversible/irreversible
3 minimum 4 consequences
5 depression 6 ignored 7 central
8 daily
3a 1 traffic congestion 2 nuclear
power 3 organised crime (crime
committed by large groups under
powerful leaders) 4 drug abuse
5 disabled rights (giving people with
permanent injuries equal access to
public buildings and opportunities)
6 unemployment
4a Possible answers:
1 If people do not stop eating fast food,
obesity rates will be even higher than
they are now.
2 If the gap between rich and poor
grows, there is likely to be more social
unrest around the world.
3 If women have to work long hours in
the future, professional childcare will be
a major issue.
4 If oil runs out, we will not be able to
make things from plastic anymore.
5 If the media continues to show violent
content, very young children might start
displaying violent behaviour.
6 If more than half the population is over
60 years old, we would have to increase
the retirement age to 70 or even older.
Reading 2 p.98
1a 1 D 2 C 3 A 4 E 5 B
2 B (The atmosphere that exists on
Mars today is similar to the Earth’s
atmosphere when it was first formed,
making it a real possibility that it will one
day be transformed into a planet where
plants and animals can live successfully.)
3 A3 C1 D2
Speaking 2 p.99
22
1a Students' own answers, but it is
likely to be on the topic of doing work at
home or working from home.
1b The main idea is that employers
should rethink the place where their
employees work.
2a A 4 B 6 C 5 D 3 E 7 G 8
H2 F1
2b Suggested answers:
1 they can work from home
2 a change in the way employees work
3 watching a film, playing games, taking
a nap
4 more work
5 productivity than workers in an office
6 companies should rethink their
approach
3 Yes, the speaker links her ideas with
therefore, but, however, so.
Writing 2 p.100
2 Help
- problem-solution essay – Some say, To
what - extent do you agree with this
solution?
3 6 similarities 7 potentially 8 leading
2 The benefits of providing housing for
everyone are huge.
3 For example, having a stable home
reduces crime and encourages better
health.
4 These benefits will reduce the costs of
policing and healthcare for the
government in the long-term.
5 However, building homes is expensive
and it is unfair to expect taxpayers to
provide homes for other people who
might not always deserve it.
5a 2 is a strong probability that 3 is
unlikely to be, is highly likely that homes
will be 4 cannot be, is only a small
chance that banks will lend
6 Possible answer:
1 Over the last decade, more people
worry about the cost of housing. 2 In fact,
in the last ten years house prices have
more than doubled and young people
cannot afford to buy a new home. 3 This
is significant because young people have
to delay buying a home and starting a
family until very late. 4 It is important to
identify new ways to provide housing.
Review p.102
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
1 1 locating 2 constructing 3
training 4 to ignore 5 to walk 6 to
cause 7 to walk 8 Spending 9 living
2 2 It is fairly unlikely that people will
stop living in cities. / People are fairly
unlikely to stop living in cities.
3 Traffic jams will definitely last days, not
hours.
4 Pollution might make it impossible to
walk outside.
5 There is a strong possibility that
manufacturers will develop smaller,
folding cars.
6 It is likely that only thinner cars will be
allowed to enter cities. / Only thinner cars
are likely to be allowed to enter cities.
7 There is a strong chance that robotic
cars will talk to each other to reduce
accidents.
8 It is highly likely that self-drive cars will
allow cars to travel closer together
safely. / Self-drive cars are likely to be
able to travel closer together safely.
9 There is a possibility that drivers will be
fined for causing accidents.
3 1 increasing 2 addressed
3 meets 4 newly-created 5 suburban
4 1 central 2 plastics 3 technical
4 ignore 5 consequences 6 social
7 wider 8 power
07 The future of food
Reading 1 p.104
2 Students can answer any way they
want, provided they can justify their
answer. 1 is more likely to be farming,
and 2 is more likely to be
pharmaceuticals, but these days the two
industries are merging.
3a Suggested answers:
1 die 2 chemicals 3 home-cooked
food
3b The answers are likely to be similar
because the linking words lead you
towards certain ideas (consequence,
definition, contrast).
3c A 3 B 2 C 1
4a 2
4b 1 joining 2 medical 3 common
4 genes
5 grown 6 before 7 babies 8
unlimited 9 milk 10 affordable
5 1 strongest 2 aggressive 3 failed
23
4 qualities
Help
- Blank 1 – superlative adjective
Things that are fine and thin are usually
weak. After despite we need something
surprising, so the opposite, strong, would
be best.
- Blank 2 – People have tried … but …
leads you to the idea that their attempts
failed, therefore we’re looking for a
negative meaning after too.
Academic vocabulary 1
p.106
1a 1 A consumed B consumption
2 A varieties B varied
3 A react B reaction
4 A process B processed
2a 1 minimum 2 major 3 widely
4 broad 5 individual 6 greater
2b 1 broad range 2 greater
awareness
3 widely available 4 major cause
5 individual choice
6 minimum requirement
3a The text is about an underground
room in the Arctic, where seeds from
every plant currently used in agriculture
can be kept safe for future use.
3b 2 rice 3 lettuce 4 frozen
5 agriculture 6 crop 7 harvesting
8 disease 9 supply
4 2 carbohydrates 3 vitamins and
minerals 4 dairy and calcium 5 fibre
6 high-calorie
Speaking 1 p.107
1 1 science 2 scientific
3 scientifically 4 various 5 variety
6 variations 7 inform 8 information
9 informative
2a 1 A noun (after a lot of) 1 B verb
(after to)
2 A noun (after a) 2 B verb (after may)
3 A verb (between two nouns)
3 B noun (after the) 4 A verb (between
two nouns) 4 B noun (after a lot of)
2b 1 A There’s been a lot of progress in
this field.
1 B They’ll need to progress to the next
level.
2 A There’s been a decrease in the
quality of food.
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
2 B The quality of food may decrease.
3 A Professor Jameson rejects the idea
completely.
3 B The food is sorted and the rejects
are thrown out.
4 A My country exports a lot of food.
4 B There were a lot of exports last year.
5 1 calcium 2 crops/cereals
3 agriculture 4 sour/bitter 5 frozen
6 harvest
Listening 1 p.108
2a The amount of land that is farmed in
Japan.
2b 2 problem + solution. The words
issue and solve help to tell us this.
2c A 2 B 5 C 3 D 4 E 1
3a 1 cause + effect
2 event 1, event 2, event 3
3 comparison + contrast
3b 1 because, as a result, a significant
impact
2 First, Then, Next
3 similar, However, one major difference
4 D (There’s a strong possibility that
these features of their culture would be
lost forever if modern farming practices
were forced on them in order to make
them more competitive.)
5 These strategies are all very useful
for this task.
Language development 1
p.109
3c To extend this activity, ask students
to consider what influences the foods we
choose to eat (health, convenience,
taste, cost, etc.).
1a Active: 2 has created 5 consist of
Passive: 1 will be farmed 3 is
produced
4 will be run
1b 1 by farmers (not mentioned)
3 Japanese farmers (mentioned)
4 these boys (mentioned)
The agent is only mentioned when an
important contrast is being made, or it is
essential to the meaning.
1c 1 Fresh fruit which is sold (by
supermarkets)
2 Most fruit can be stored
3 They are chilled (by producers)
4 Some fruit is picked (by producers)
24
5 Fruit is sometimes sprayed (by
producers)
2a It shows the process that fruit goes
through from being picked to reaching a
customer.
2b Suggested answers:
1 The apples are picked.
2 They are placed into trucks.
3 They are processed in a warehouse.
4 They are chilled in a refrigerator.
5 They are transported abroad.
6 They are driven to a distribution centre.
7 They are taken to a supermarket.
8 They are bought by customers.
3a 1 was released 2 is taken 3 is
expected 4 be fed 5 is consumed
6 will be limited 7 will be produced
3b 1 are affected 2 contribute 3 is
used 4 be reduced 5 be increased
6 is also needed 7 will rise/is going to
rise 8 is generated

Summary writing 1 p.110

1 Suggested answer:

Green Revolution, increased crops.

Mexico 1940s. Borlaug, new wheat.
Agricultural technology, water innovation,
fertilizer. India, leading rice producer.
Criticisms: overpopulation, Africa.
Changed agriculture, benefitting people.
Increased food production.
2 The first line of the paragraph is the
topic sentence.
3 The final line of paragraph 2 is the
topic sentence.
4 Suggested answer:
(It combines the two topic sentences
from each paragraph.)
Agriculture today would not be the same
without the Green Revolution because it
significantly increased the amount of
crops produced per acre of land and
benefitted people of many nations in
need of increased food production,
despite some criticisms.

PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key 25

Listening 2 p.111
1a Suggested answers:
1 sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell
sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami
3 dog’s, bear’s, shark’s
2 C (An individual human cell is just as
sensitive as a dog’s cell, but dogs have
many more of them)
3 1 Taste is used to test food before it
enters the body. 2 Things that are
potentially harmful for us taste bad.
3 Our sense of taste is heavily influenced
by our sense of smell.
4a 1 D 2 B 3 A
Language development 2
p.112
1a In general, the sales of unhealthy
fast food, such as hamburgers and soft
drinks, went down, and the sale of
healthier choices, such as sushi and fruit
juice, went up over the ten-year period of
the study, suggesting that people were
making healthier eating choices.
1b 1 number 2 level 3 number
4 amount 5 number 6 amount
2a 1 1a is passive. 2b is active.
when the verb in the relative clause is
passive (the tense makes no difference)
when the verb in the relative clause is
active (the tense makes no difference)
2b 1 pre-cooked 2 using 3 grown
4 working 5 involving
3a 2 consumptionrecorded
3 hamburgers eaten 4 fruit juice drunk
5 individuals making 6 sushi bought
4a 2 images of food shown in the media
3 weight increases seen in Western
populations 4 test involving 5 pictures
containing either images of delicious
food or non-edible objects6 chemical
controlling how hungry we feel
7 factors only found inside the body, not
in the environment 8 anyone
concerned about their weight
9 photographs showing high-calorie food
Academic vocabulary 2
p.113
1a 1 by 2 between 3 to 4 to 5 at
6 from
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
2a 1 chain 2 branches 3 industry
4 manufacture 5 run 6 profit, loss
3 2 comparison 3 economy
4 manufacturers 5 unemployment
6 management 7 independence
8 Retailers
4a 1 earlier times 2 specialist shops
3 financial services 4 retail sector
5 economic benefits 6 make contracts
7 large quantities 8 new custom
9 employment opportunities
10 independent retailers 11 increased
competition 12 family firms
Reading 2 p.114
2 1 diners 2 calorie 3 dessert
4 atmosphere
3 1 enjoyment 2 particular
3 overeat 4 planned 5 relaxed
3 overeat 4 planned 5 relaxed
Speaking 2 p.115
1 To provide water for people who live
far away from the main water pipe
systems.
2B
2a Speaker 2 is better because they
arrange the description in terms of
advantages and disadvantages, rather
than describing the detail in a
mechanical fashion.
2b 1 two 2 Firstly 3 so 4 This
5 Secondly 6 however 7 For these
reasons
Summary writing 2 p.116
1a 1 sweetener 2 controversial
3 blamed for 4 subsidies 5 alternative
6 ingredients 7 tariffs
2a 1 one 2 in the response box
3 ten minutes 4 On the quality and how
well your response presents the key
points in the passage.
2b The use of high fructose corn syrup,
an alternative to sugar.
3c Paragraph 1: The use of HFCS
steadily rose and it is now regularly used
as an ingredient in processed food such
as tinned vegetables and ketchup.
Paragraph 2: Today HFCS is a
controversial product, regularly blamed
26
for the rising weight gain occurring in the
2 1 varieties 2 order
USA.
3 consumption 4 vitamins … minerals
The writer concludes that there is little
5 Frozen 6 ingredient 7 diseases
scientific evidence to suggest that HFCS
8 crops 9 imports 10 processed
is more harmful than other sweeteners,
11 retailers 12 harvest
including sugar. (Final two sentences of
3 2 involved
paragraph 2.)
3 buying vegetables 4 conducted in
3d Suggested answers:
5 offering 6 building 7 investigating
The use of HFCS steadily rose in the
8 created by
1970s and is now regularly used as an
4 1 independent 2 specialist
ingredient in processed food such as
3 firm 4 runs 5 makes 6 broad
tinned food and ketchup.
7 greater 8 agricultural 9 organic
Today, HFCS is a controversial product,
10 widely
regularly blamed for rising weight gain in
the USA.
There is little scientific evidence to 08 Being human
suggest it is more harmful than other
types of sweeteners, including sugar. Lead-in p.119
4a 1 government’s, responsibility, which
2 necessary, their, dependent
2 Possible answers:
3 separate, consumers, achieve
1 Bankers – send money places quickly,
4 definitely, consistently, environment
get information quickly, look at charts
4b 1 They all express purpose.
2 Doctors – scans, operations, medicines
2 2, 3 and 4 are followed by an infinitive.
3 Engineers – make models, measure
1 is followed by a clause.
things quickly, design
4c Possible answers:
4 Police officers – radio communication,
1 stop them from eating unhealthy food.
obtain information, DNA evidence
2 harm the teeth of children.
5 Sailors – communication, weather
reduce the amount of damage we cause
reports, satellite technology, better
to the environment.
yachts
4 they taste good.
5 2 Many sweet manufacturers use
natural flavouring so that parents who Reading 1 p.120
are worried about their children’s health
will buy them. 1 Suggested answers:
3 Food packaging uses a lot of resources 1 There are implants that can help deaf
and produces a lot of waste which we children to hear, otherwise technology
should try to reduce. that turns voice to text can help.
4 Some people drink a lot of fizzy drinks 2 Technology can include wheelchairs,
which can contain a lot of caffeine and specially-adapted cars, stairlifts.
cause anxiety. 3 There is some special equipment that
6 Suggested answer:The use of high can help with opening packets, jars,
fructose corn syrup in tinned food and boxes, etc.
ketchup is a controversial product which 4 Technology will no doubt be used
is regularly blamed for rising weight gain during the operation.
in the USA, although there is little 2 A new robotic arm controlled directly by
evidence to suggest that it is more thought could help people with
harmful than other types of sweeteners, disabilities in the future.
including sugar. 3a 1 which is 2 who is
3 microelectrodes 4 which was 5 able
Review p.118 to control the hand 6 which had been
3b A: 3, 5 B: 1, 2, 4, 6
4 One replaces a computer. Does
1 1 be described 2 is covered
replaces translates the signals.
3 eat
5 this – the fact that the woman learnt to
4 are activated 5 taste 6 influence
control the hand with greater flexibility
7 depends 8 is blocked
it – the robotic arm

PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key 27

 1c carry out – conduct – doresearch –
some – experts
workexamine – analyse
such developments – making a robotic
2a 1 D 2 B 3 E 4 H 5 G 6 A
arm which can be controlled by thoughts
7 F 8 C2
those – people
b 2 breaks down – stop
6 1 situation 2 device 3 be
3 coming up – thinking of
accepted 4 wish 5 such
4 note down – write
Help
5 dealing with – managing
- passive7 1 event, background,
6 carry out – do/conduct
conditions, facility 2 accept, is
7 go over – review
accepted, one, it, these 3 stuff, fancy
8 look up – find
4 too, desire, requir require
3a 1 virus 2 install 3 upload
4 password 5 link 6 download
Academic vocabulary 1 7 document 8 technical (Technical and
p.122 technological mean the same thing, but
do not collocate with the same words.)

1a 2, 6, 3, 1, 5, 4
1b 1 research 2 conduct 3 collect
4 international 5 significant 6 natural
7 discovered

PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key 28


Speaking 1 p.123
1a The second speaker stresses the
word good because she wants to stress
this word because she think it is
important. She thinks the robots are bad.
1b 1 I don’t think social robots are good
for society.
2 I don’t think social robots are good for
society.
3 I don’t think social robots are good for
society.
4 I don’t think social robots are good for
society.
1c 1 B 2 D 3 A 4 C
2a 1 Social robots are being created to
help people. They won’t hurt us.
2 Talking to a robot is not the same as
talking to a human. It’s very different,
actually.
3 Loneliness won’t disappear. But it
could be reduced.
4 Some people might enjoy talking to a
robot. But it’s not for everyone.
5 Social robots might help some people.
But, I’m not completely sure.
6 This is a terrible idea. Although some
people think it’s a good one.
3 working slowly
1 Our lecture on robotic engineering
takes place on Tuesday.
2 Most people feel lonely at some point
in their lives.
3 It’s important for people to connect to
each other.
4 Robots are able to communicate with
humans around them.
5 Elderly people can sometimes lose
their connection to society.
6 Please sign your name here if you
want to join the social club.
7 Our friends give us emotional support,
although not always.
8 It’s my opinion that technological
advances will begin to slow.
9 Let’s all meet at four and not three as
we agreed before.
10 Social robots can show different facial
expressions and emotions.
4 The student repeats sentences 1, 2, 5,
7, 9, 10 correctly.
3 The student uses the wrong part of
speech – ‘It’s important for people to
connecting to each other.’
4 The student adds a word that wasn’t in
the original – ‘Robots are able to
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
communicate with the humans around
them.’
6 The student misses a word – ‘Please
sign your name (here) if you want to join
the social club.’
8 T he student gets a word wrong – ‘It’s
my opinion that technological … er..
something … will begin to slow.
(advances)
5 1 surgeon 2 disabled 3 (a)
laboratory
4 (a) virus 5 (a) journal 6 deaf
Listening 1 p.124
3a Something about them being
dangerous themselves would contrast
with the idea that they protect humans.
3b 1 A They perform harmful jobs.B
They create dangers.
A There have been accidents and deaths
caused by robots.
B some kind of guidelines or regulations
perhaps
A under normal use, when the robot is
predictable
B something not normal or predictable
4 A the robot has stopped working or is
B the robot starts or goes fast again
5 A emergency stop buttons
B a place where the operator can get to
them quickly
3c 1 dangerous conditions
2 safety rules 3 unexpected
movement4 accelerates 5 easy-to-
reach locations
4 B walking around
Help– to understand identity and what
happens when someone is in two places
at the same time – appearing
elsewhere– it has no body from the
shoulders down
Language development 1
p.125
1 2 have to 3 mustn’t 4 don’t have
to 5 must 6 had to 7 didn’t have to
8 will have to
2a In future, social robots will need
legal rights to protect people,
especially children.
2b Possible answers:
29

1 You must not hit your robot.
You have to protect your robot from
harm.
You must be kind to your robot.
4 You do not have to clean your robot
but you should look after it.
5 You have to give your robot an annual
check-up.
6 You must not shout at your robot.
3a 1 can 2 could not 3 were 4 are
not
3b Students’ own answers. Choose
from:
1 had to/didn’t have to do
had to/didn’t have to turn off
could/couldn’t take
4 could/couldn’t chat
5 had to/didn’t have to share
6 could/couldn’t/had to/didn’t have to
watch
7 could/couldn’t download
8 had to/didn’t have to put away
4a 1 C 2 B 3 D 4 A
4bStudents’ own answers. Choose from:
1 It was necessary/It was not necessary
(for me) to
2 It was necessary/It was not necessary
(for me) to
3 I was allowed to/was prohibited from
4 I was allowed to/was prohibited from
5 It was necessary/It was not necessary
(for me) to
6 I was allowed to/I was not allowed to/It
was necessary/It was not necessary (for
me) to
7 I was allowed to/I was not allowed to
8 It was necessary/It was not necessary
(for me) to
Writing 1 p.126
2 2, with reference to one culture
which you are familiar with.
3b 1 (1) So, because of improved
communication and the fact that modern
medicine keeps families together longer,
2 (2) I believe that modern technology
has improved social relationships in
Taiwan. (3) If we introduce laws to
control the worst aspects of technology,
we will continue to enjoy the benefits in
future.
3 (2) In conclusion, the evidence
suggests that people are more likely to
live alone and experience loneliness in
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
Latvia today more than at any other time
in history. (4) Unless we take action to
strengthen communities, these problems
may become worse in future.
3 (1) To sum up, the changes in Bahrain
have taken place very rapidly. (2) It is too
early to say whether this will have a
negative effect on family and social
relationships. (3) More research is
needed to better understand these
changes.
Listening 2 p.127
2 1 nerves 2 gut 3 functions
3 C, a second brain
4 1 The human body has a second
brain in the gut. 2 This system of brain
cells can learn, remember and produce
feelings. 3 It plays a major role in
human happiness and unhappiness.
Language development 2
p.128
1 1E 2A 3D 4C 5B
2a 1 suggests 2 are likely to
3 claimed 4 suggests 5 suggests
6 are likely to 7 suggests
3 2 probability of 3 use of 4 growth
in 5 failure of 6 introduction of
4 Pharmaceuticals is are used to treat
or prevent illness, whereas cosmetics
are use used to make people look better.
Cosmeceuticals, drugs wich which make
someone more attractive, haven’t
appeared in shops yet but this is mostly
because the law requires that drugs is
are more thorouhly thoroughly testing
tested than cosmetics. The distinction
between cosmetics and pharmaceuticals
is already unclear at times. In the US, for
example, sunscreen and some
shampoos are considerd considered to
be drugs. However, as long as people
put pressure on companies to produce
these products, it is likely that the curent
current regulation will be relax relaxed
over the next ten years and we will see
cosmeceuticals much more often.
30

Academic vocabulary 2
p.129
1a 1 strongly linked 2 short period 3
well documented 4 serious
consequences 5 positive view 6 set
themselves a target 7 relatively few
8 showed a tendency
1b 1 short period 2 well documented
3 relatively few 4 serious
consequences 5 set, targets
6 strongly linked 7 show a tendency
8 positive view
2a 1 B 2 G 3 H 4 D 5 C 6 A
7E 8F
3a 1 healthy 2 ill 3 medicine
4 sickness 5 healing 6 physical
7 systems 8 alternative
Reading 2 p.130
2 1 unless 2 reason 3 are carried
4 available 5 instead
Speaking 2 p.131
1a Suggested answer:
It’s about beauty, e.g. piercings and
tattoos
1b Suggested notes:
Every group of humans: change bodies
Reason 1: social status, wealth, e.g.
jewellery, piercings
Reason 2: deeper meanings, e.g. scars,
tattoos, Africa, adulthood, courage
Reason 3: look better, e.g. plastic
surgery
2a 3 the end
2b As a result, So, The effect of this is
that, To conclude
2c Suggested notes: desire, human
perfection
3 Yes, he follows his notes from the
lecture. He does not include information
about the history of the piercings
because it is a minor, supporting point. In
40 seconds, you cannot include this kind
of information.
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
Writing 2 p. 132
2a cosmetics industry, grown, multi-
million-dollar industry, wasted, spent on,
better healthcare
Students need to write a case study
essay, as shown by the last sentence in
the task.
Help
- answers could range from people
employed in factories, shops, dependent
industries (such as advertising agencies,
packaging manufacturers)
3a Against – Blogster, ShopGirl,
MintSweet
For – Duncan29
4a 1 seems, a large amount, much
2 are employed, mostly 3 on health,
essential 4 helps, the media
4b Possible answers:
1 the media 2 seems, mostly, helps
3 are employed, a large amount of
money on health
5 1To sum up, closing down the
cosmetics industry would be bad for the
Brazilian economy. 2The evidence
suggests that the money spent provides
work for many people. 3Provided that we
introduce a tax on cosmetic products, we
will still be able to spend more on
medical research and drugs without
affecting the economy. 4Unless we take
this action now, the importance and
value of good health may be lost until it is
too late to make changes.
Review p.134
1 1 mustn’t 2 don’t have to
3 cannot 4 had to 5 couldn’t 6 have
to 7 could 8 didn’t have to
2 1 the importance of the gut
2 pointed out 3 this chemical 4 It is
best known as 5 These
6 communicate 7 might only be 8 a
role to play
3 1H 2G 3D 4C 5A 6E
7F 8B
4 1 well-documented 2 potential
3 short period 4 relatively 5 factors
6 strongly linked 7 alternative
8 lifestyle
31

09 Winning counts!
Reading 1 p.136
2a 1 B, A 2 A, B 3 B, A 4 A, B
5 B, A
2b 1 D 2 C 3 E 4 A 5 B
3 C, A, E, B, D
Help
- Sentence C – names appear in full the
first time they are mentioned, then
shortened or replaced with a pronoun
after that. This is probably the first
sentence.
- He concluded appears in E. Point out
that he concluded is not automatically
the last sentence (unlike the phrase in
conclusion), particularly in Academic
writing. It may refer to the conclusions of
a piece of research, not the writer’s
conclusions.
Academic vocabulary 1
p.138
1a 1 D 2 F 3 A 4 C 5 B 6 E
2 1 relaxed 2 exceed 3 So-called
4 dramatic 5 eventually 6 ignore
3 1 about 2 for 3 to 4 by 5 to
6 in 7 with 8 to
4a 1 adolescents 2 professional
3 clubs 4 competitions 5 passive
6 co-operation 7 self-esteem 8 defeat
9 facilities 10 equipment 11 coaching
12 recreational
Speaking 1 p.139
1a When these letters come before a
vowel, they are clearly pronounced.
When they come before a consonant, the
letter is barely pronounced.
1b 1 In over a hundred years only five
separate nations have been able to beat
them and they’ve accumulated a historic
win rate of 75 percent.
2 Only the United States’ basketball
team has a similar past record but with a
population of 350 million, compared to
New Zealand’s four million, they’re more
likely to produce a winning team.
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
3 Before every match they perform the
Haka, a Maori war dance that is closely
associated with New Zealand’s cultural
history and is designed to terrify
opponents.
4 1 borrow 2 speed 3 professional
4 a teenager 5 reject
Listening 1 p.140
2b 1 It’s about how humans used their
abilities to run long distances to survive
with faster, more dangerous animals.
3a 1 They cannot run long distances.
2 When they have to, not by choice.
3 Run a marathon.
4 Our legs, feet, bodies and heads.
3b 1 reduce our body temperature
2 we can breathe through our nose and
mouth at the same time, but animals
cannot
3 chasing them for long periods of time
until the animal collapsed
4 A (... because we’re built to run long
distances / They chased the animals
again and again over long distances
without stopping.)
C (Our ability to sweat might not seem
like an advantage, but it allows us to lose
heat ...)
D (people had to use their abilities to ...
show a lot of determination/they chased
the animals again and again over long
distances without stopping)
5 Options B, F are not mentioned.
Option E is only half true because arms
were not mentioned. Option G is the
opposite of what was mentioned
(Humans are ... mostly weaponless.).
Language development 1
p.141
1a 1 an 2 A 3 an 4 a 5 the
1b They are all used to talk about
things in general, therefore no article is
required.
2a 1 the, the 2 an, the 3 –, a 4 a,
the 5 the, – 6 a, a
2b The answers below were correct in
2013.
1 Usain Bolt
2 Faster than the speed of sound (Felix
Baumgartner)
32
3 About 2700
(http://www.discoveryuk.com/web/advent
ure/blog/marathon-facts)
4 About 112 kph
5 France (Eric Barone, using a special
bike)
6 Approximately
3a 1 a 2 a 3 – 4 – 5 The 6 a
7 the 8 – 9 The 10 the 11 a
12 The 13 a 14 the
4a 1A – not a specific group, we have
no knowledge of them already
B – a specific group we both have
knowledge of
2 A – a specific boy and girl that we both
have knowledge of
B – a generalisation
3 A – a generalisation
B – a specific match
4 A – a specific runner and hat we both
have knowledge of
B – runners in general, hats in general.
5 A – a generalisation
B – specific runners
6 A – not a specific article, tennis player
or sports paper
B – a specific article about a specific
tennis player in a specific sports paper
4b 2 Cars move around my city more
quickly than motorbikes.
3 Astronauts now travel further into
space than astronauts 40 years ago.
4 Older people walk for longer distances
than younger people.
5 Marathon runners are mentally
stronger than speed runners.
6 Travelling
Writing 1 p. 142
1 Possible answer:
They are very involved in the game and
look disappointed.
2a 1 produce exciting moments
2 great sense of community 3 playing it
offers more benefits 4 see more on TV
5 wanting your team to win
6 worth it for a special day out
7 special treat
2b The speaker usually starts with the
opposing opinion because he/she wants
to focus and finish with his/her opinion,
which is more important.
2c 1 Agreed 2 I admit that
3 Although 4 While it’s true that
5 Some people argue that 6 While
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
4a Suggested answer:While watching
football is considered to be a spectator
sport, you can experience the same
physical stress as the players. Most
people think watching a sports match is
harmless, but it can increase your risk of
a heart attack. Although these physical
effects disappear after a couple of hours,
it’s still important to introduce limits to the
amount of excitement people experience
in their lives.
Listening 2 p.143
1a 1 businessperson who starts a new
business 2 features of a person’s
character 3 know a lot 4 ability to get
on well with people 5 able to think of
new, exciting ideas
B (Firstly, you have to be able to
communicate your ideas effectively to
your team.) E ( ... you must be able to
speak to your customers or give them a
good service)
3 1 Business people can experience
both success and failure. 2 Being
successful involves setting a goal and
achieving it. 3 Building a profitable
company requires innovation and
determination.
4b 1 Business people can experience
both success an(d) failure. 2 Being
successful involves setting a goal and
achieving it. 3 Building a profitable
company requires innovation an(d)
determination.
Language development 2
p.144
1a 1 This 2 these 3 so 4 that
5 This 6 those … those
1b 1 seeing work as a sign of social
status these days 2 financial and
marital status 3 work very hard 4 the
income 5 the rise in the number of
people increasing their social status
6 people … people
2a 1 B 2 E 3 F 4 D 5 C 6 A
2b A similar situation refers to people
reporting feeling happier.
E, one refers to Dante Gabriel Rossetti,
the other refers to Dante.
F, do just that refers to trying to explain
the connection.
33
4 D, The number refers to 30 percent,
higher refers to higher than 30 percent.
5 C, what they originally suspected
refers forwards to the fact that they had
always suspected that a minimum
amount of money buys happiness.
6 A, The former refers to hard work, the
latter refers to luck.
3a 1 then 2 Similar situations
3 these 4 such 5 what 6 This
7 former 8 latter
4 2 Such/These problems
3 Such/These benefits 4 this
mistake 5 this skill
Academic vocabulary 2
p.145
1a 1 build, make 2 high, area
3 highly, achieve 4 developing
5 achieve 6 miss 7 effectively
2a They all go with money, except for
do, hire.
3b 1 lend 2 owe 3 spend 4 save
5 afford 6 earn 7 waste 8 borrow
3a 1 start 2 earn 3 lend 4 profit
5 borrow 6 loans 7 charges 8 debt
9 income 10 budget 11 pay back
12 worth
4 1 slightly 2 considerable
3 significantly 4 slight 5 slightly
6 considerable
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
Reading 2 p.146
This will vary depending on the country,
but according to the National Centre for
Health Statistics in the US, the risks are:
• death by diet-related illnesses – 1 in
5
• death by car accident – 1 in a 100
• death by fire – 1 in 1,116
• death by air travel accident – 1 in
20,000
• death by natural disaster – around 1
in 100,000
• http://www.livescience.com/3780-
odds-dying.html
1
2 The text explains who Thomas Midgely
is and how he got the title.
2 C, A, D, B
Speaking 2 p.147
1a 1 Boys are around 3 percent more
likely to be in education 2 No. Girls are
around 4 percent more likely to be in
education than boys.
1b Possible answer:Although around
the world girls are less likely to
participate in education, in some
regions, such as Latin America and the
Caribbean, this trend is reversed.
2a The first is better as they make
connections between the charts.
2b 1 Around the world 2 Latin
America and the Caribbean 3 globally
34

Summary writing 2 p.148
1a 1 away 2 causes 3 found
4 donation 5 public 6 pension
2 1 An interview, a summary for a
fellow student 2 50–70 3 10 minutes
4a Suggested topic sentence:Andrew
Carnegie became the richest man in the
world and then gave most of his money
away.
4b Suggested supporting points:
He started out as a factory worker aged
12 He created and sold a successful
steel company that made $480 million.
He founded an institution to support
scientific research. He gave money to
teachers and opened 2,000 public
libraries. By 2011, he had given away 90
percent of his fortune.
4c Suggested importance:
1 He started out as a factory worker
aged 12.
2 He created and sold a successful steel
company that made $480 million.
3 By 2011, he had given away 90
percent of his fortune.
4 He founded an institution to support
scientific research.
5 He gave money to teachers and
opened 2,000 public libraries.
4d Today, Andrew Carnegie is
considered to be one of the great
philanthropists of all time.
5a 2, 3, 5 describe cause. 1, 4 describe
effect. Led to (lead to) and resulted in are
verbs and are followed by a clause.
Because of, Owing to, Due to are
followed by a noun.
5b 2 Because of/Due to/Owing to
Carnegie’s influence, other wealthy
people gave away money.
3 Carnegie’s generosity led to/resulted in
the availability of pensions for teachers.
4 Because of/Due to/Owing to the
Carnegie Institution, more science
research was done. 5 Carnegie’s
beliefs led to/resulted in the decision to
give away most of his money.
7 Suggested summary:Andrew
Carnegie became the richest man in the
world and then gave most of his money
away. He created and sold a successful
steel company that made $480 million,
but he started out as a factory worker
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
aged 12. Because of this, he gave away
90 percent of his fortune to science,
teachers and libraries. Today, he is
considered to be one of the great
philanthropists of all time.
Review p.150
1 1 spent 2 wasted 3 recreational
4 gave away
5 co-operation 6 attitude 7 added
8 achieve
2a 1 C 2 E 3 H 4 F 5 B 6 D
7A 8G
2b 1 start a company 2 a dramatic
increase 3 a major concern 4 highly
motivated 5 communicate effectively
6 people skills 7 exceed your limits
8 sports facilities
3 1 – 2 an 3 a 4 a 5 an 6 the
7 the 8 an 9 a 10 a
4 1 it 2 former 3 this 4 latter
5 these 6 so 7 such
10 Let's talk!
Lead-in p.151
1 Suggested answers:
1 The photos represent people
communicating through a letter, an
individual communicating to potential
employers through a billboard advert and
friends/relatives communicating through
technology.
2 We use more technology these days.
Social media means people
communicate in short sentences. Letters
are becoming a thing of the past as it’s
faster to chat via email/SMS.
3 Students’ own answers
2 Employees: email/letter to clients,
co-workers, managers
Journalists: articles in
newspapers/online, blogs, social
networking messages to anyone
interested in news
Politicians: interviews, reports, social
media, letters to voters and people they
are responsible for, emails/telephone
calls to other politicians
Students: social networking for study
groups with friends/classmates, email to
tutor/teacher, blogging, SMS to
friends/relatives
35
Reading 1 p.152
2 1 It measures how much people in a
culture accept inequality.
2 They have a centralised government
with many levels, people do not question
authority, but respect it.
3 They have fewer levels in government,
individualism is more important than
authority, decisions are regularly
questioned.
4 sociology, psychology, international
management and cross-cultural
communication
3 1 ... has developed a theory about
culture ...
2 ... authority with many levels which
people respect ...
3 (Germany is mentioned several times,
comparing it to other countries.)
4 Compared to Arab, Latin, African and
Asian countries where the power
distance is very high ...
5 ... index has been used in research in
the fields of sociology ...
4a 1 A (The index would not exist if this
were untrue. The writer describes and
does not give an opinion.)
2 B ... centralised authority with many
levels. Again, there is no opinion given
about what type of countries are better.
3 A (They have a low index.)
4 A (It is used in international
management and cross-cultural
communication. The text states that
people use the index in research, not
that it is important.) It can affect both
verbal and written forms of
communication.
5 A, D
6 A ( ... have centralised authority with
many levels which people respect.)
D (People tend not to question the
decisions that people in authority make.)
Academic vocabulary 1
p.154
1a 1 theory 2 research 3 impact
4 communication 5 cultures
6 authority 7 decisions
2a 1 F 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 E 6 C
3a 1 research 2 field 3 analysis
4 evaluate 5 experiments 6 process
7 evidence 8 concept 9 studies
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
10 linked 11 related to 12 findings
13 shown 14 conclusions
4a 1 B 2 F 3 C 4 D 5 E 6 A
Speaking 1 p.155
1a Each group will take somewhere
between two and five seconds.
1b It should take almost the same time,
as the unstressed words fit into the
rhythm of the stressed words.
1c The weak forms of the words are as
follows:
1 a – /ə/
2 we – /wɪ/, were – /wə/, an – /ən/
was – /wəz/, that – /ðət/
4 we – /wɪ/, the – /ðə/, for – /fə/, to –
/tə/,the – /ðə/
2 Stressed words:
1 Email’s, quick, convenient
2 no, context, words, read
3 talk, use, tone, expressions,
understand
4 email, increases, chance,
miscommunication
Weak forms:
1 and 2 But, for the, we
When, we, we, and, to
4 the, of
3 1 Shall we meet in the coffee shop
to discuss the problem? 2 Please email
reception with your most recent contact
details. 3 It’s important to use a
spellchecker to catch any errors.
4 When I returned to work, there were
hundreds of emails in my inbox. 5 Our
email system isn’t working due to a
technical failure. 6 We use verbal
communication and body language to
communicate. 7 When we talk face-to-
face, our brains copy each other.
8 Email allows us to get things done
more quickly together. 9 We tend to
misinterpret neutral email jokes as
negative. 10 Jokes are rated as less
funny by recipients than senders.
4 Speakers 2 and 5 use appropriate
sentence stress and weak forms.
Speakers 1, 3 and 4 stress each word
equally, which sounds unnatural.
5 1 (a) coin(s) 2 communication
3 (an) ad(s)/advert(s)/advertisement(s)
4 (an) experiment(s) 5 face-to-face
6 non-verbal (communication)/body
language
36
Listening 1 p.156
2a 1 accurately 2 somewhat
3 reflections 4 attempt 5 replying
6 figure out
2b See answers to Exercise 2a above.
3 1 unique 2 accuracy 3 shades
4 associations 5 translation
Language development 1
p.157
1 have left, have just said 2 meant
3 have added 4 had, talked
2a 1 was, made, Have you stayed
2 did you meet, have you known
3 Have you ever met, did that person
make 4 Have you ever spoken, Did you
get on 5 did you start, Have you
finished
3a 1 is the best title – it mentions that
men who touch their face, lick their lips,
etc. ‘were calmer’. Fidgeting means ‘to
keep moving your hands or feet when
you are nervous’.
3b 1 ’ve perfected 2 ’ve chosen
3 have you thought 4 found
5 touched 6 bit 7 licked 8 yawned
9 scratched 10 did not make
11 hypothesised 12 had 13 has since
been 14 found
4a 1 Have you looked at my references
yet?
2 How has the company recognised
good work in the past?
3 Why did the company reduce the
workforce last year?
4 How much did the company pay in staff
bonuses last year?
5 I like to work in a team. Can you give
me some examples of how your
company achieved its goals through
teamwork last year?
6 Can you explain the company culture
and how this has been practised in
recent years.
4b Experts in the UK and USA advised
against:
1 (because references are usually only
checked at the very end of the
recruitment process, and if you ask too
quickly, you sound desperate)
(because any questions starting with
Why sound aggressive – a better
alternative might be to say I read about
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
the recent redundancies. What’s your
opinion of the company’s future?)
4 (because anything related to salaries
should only be discussed after an offer
has been made). NB This may not apply
to all cultures.
Writing 1 p.158
1b Argument essay
Listening 2 p.159
2a 2 natural 3 buy 4 persuade
5 unlikely 6 knows 7 jacket
8 worth
3 After targeting pet owners for years,
advertisers are now going appealing
directly to the animals. One European TV
ad for dog food, featured a high-pitched
sound, like a dog howl whistle, that only
dogs could hear, the idea being that pet
dogs living in a family home would rush
up to the TV and look keen. A similar
idea, but a year decade earlier – a dog
food company set up a series of
signboards billboards that gave off an
ultrasonic sound every ten seconds.
‘Bark if you like Bonzo!’ said the
headline. But even if dogs are attracted
to certain sounds, they're even more
attracted to things that sell smell. Dog-
food-scented ads on sidewalks were
designed to persuade dogs and their
owners to come over for a sniff.
Language development 2
p.160
1a 2 have made claims
3 might influence more people
4 advertise to people who can’t afford
them
5 When they see someone with a luxury
item, they’ll recognise it as expensive.
1b Yes. It is more common to change
the tenses when we report speech, but
speakers often choose to keep them in
the present tense if they feel that what
was said still holds true, which is often
the case in Academic English.
2a 1 E 2 C 3 F 4 D 5 B 6 A
2b A would give children energy until
lunchtime.
37
B could prevent sore throats.
C it had the ability to cure everything.
D it cured baldness.
E had been produced in a more
environmentally-friendly way.
F made you/people thinner.
3a Suggested answers:
1 The speaker said that people didn’t like
to believe that they were influenced by
advertising because it made them seem
weak and shallow.
2 The speaker said that companies had
spent $70 billion on TV advertising over
the last year.
3 The speaker said that a good advert
worked by providing us with positive
feelings about a brand which would
slowly influence our spending habits.
4 The speaker said that people could
recall ads they had seen when they were
children because they associated them
with simpler, happier times.
5 The speaker said that every advertising
agency was hoping to produce the next
big ad that everyone talked about.NB.
The verbs in these suggested answers
have been changed, but they do not
need to change as the information is still
true today.
4 Reported speech/reporting verbs
mistakes:explained me ... has had
placed them on buses ... play played on
the company’s ad ... increase increased
by 29 percent ... have had heard, seen
and smelled ... Spelling mistakes:unusal
unusual, explaned explained, spesific
specific, extreem extreme, campain
campaign
Academic vocabulary 2
p.161
1a 1 full 2 large 3 well 4 marked
5 high 6 wide
1b 1 full analysis 2 well aware
3 marked contrast 4 large quantities
5 wide range 6 high priority
2a 1 D 2 E 3 A 4 C 5 B
3a 1 online 2 credit 3 refund
4 deliver 5 reserved 6 reduce 7
reasonable 8 receipts
4a 1 advertising 2 brand
3 campaign 4 persuading 5 sales
assistant 6 commission 7 commercial
8 consumer 9 promotion 10 deals
PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key
Reading 2 p.162
2 A, B, E
3 A ... art has been used ... for
centuries. (infer)
B ... it can also be used to persuade us
to see things in a certain way/However
the art was a lie (stated)
E To communicate … power. (infer)
Speaking 2 p.163
1a Suggested answer:
It’s about advertising in Canada and the
data that companies or customers are
happy to share.
2a The first speaker.
2b It is likely she used all the strategies
except for 2. Ten seconds is not long
enough to practise what you are going to
say, but it is enough time to decide on
the main point of the lecture so you can
start with this.
Writing 2 p.164
2a Case study essay
Help
- people’s sense of identity comes from
the products they buy
- it’s not stated in the question, but things
like family, health, friendship, community,
etc.
3a The order within the paragraphs
depends on the students’ plans, but a
logical order would be:
Paragraph 1: C, B, E
Paragraph 2: F, A, D
4a 1 B 2 C 3 A
4b moreover, too, not to mention
5a A 4 B 3 C 1 D 6 E 2 F 5
G7
Review p.166
1 2 dominated 3 built 4 didn’t want
5 represented 6 has not been 7 have
found 8 claimed 9 did not practise
2 1 was, would be 2 were, shouldn’t
do/shouldn’t have done 3 wasn’t, went
4 was 5 had, would carry
3 1 authority 2 concept 3 impact
4 related 5 theory 6 focus 7 field
8 widespread
38
Mystery word – analysis
4 1F 2B 3A 4G 5D 6E
7H 8C

PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B1 Answer key 39