© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., 330 Hudson Street, NY, NY 10013. All rights reserved.

This material is protected under all copyright laws as they

currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

14–1.  Determine the stiffness matrix K for the truss. AE is 2

1
constant. 4 kN 1

1
4
2
3
2m 5
908 2
4

8 6
4 3
5
7 3

2m

Solution
Member 1:
1-0 1-2
lx = = 0.7071 ly = = - 0.7071
12 12
1 2 3 4
0.3536 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 0.3536 1
- 0.3536 0.3536 0.3536 -0.3536 2
k1 = AE ≥ ¥
-0.3536 0.3536 0.3536 -0.3536 3
0.3536 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 0.3536 4

Member 2:
2-1 0-1
lx = = 0.7071 ly = = - 0.7071
12 12
3 4 5 6
0.3536 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 0.3536 3
- 0.3536 0.3536 0.3536 -0.3536 4
k2 = AE ≥ ¥
-0.3536 0.3536 0.3536 -0.3536 5
0.3536 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 0.3536 6

Member 4:
0-1 0-1
lx = = - 0.7071 ly = = - 0.7071
12 12
3 4 7 8
0.3536 0.3536 -0.3536 -0.3536 3
0.3536 0.3536 - 0.3536 -0.3536 4
k4 = AE ≥ ¥
- 0.3536 - 0.3536 0.3536 0.3536 7
- 0.3536 - 0.3536 0.3536 0.3536 8

Member 3:
0-2
lx = = -1 ly = 0
2
5 6 7 8
0.5 0 - 0.5 0 5
0 0 0 0 6
k3 = AE ≥ ¥
- 0.5 0 0.5 0 7
0 0 0 0 8

649
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14–1.  (Continued)

Member 5:
0 - 2
lx = 0 ly = = -1
2
1 2 7 8
0 0 0 0 1
0 0.5 0 -0.5 2
k5 = AE ≥ ¥
0 0 0 0 7
0 - 0.5 0 0.5 8

Structure stiffness matrix:

K = k1 + k2 + k3 + k4 + k5

0.3536 - 0.3536 -0.3536 0.3536 0 0 0 0

- 0.3536 0.8536 0.3536 - 0.3536 0 0 0 - 0.5
- 0.3536 0.3536 1.0607 -0.3536 -0.3536 0.3536 - 0.3536 -0.3536
0.3536 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 1.0607 0.3536 -0.3536 -0.3536 -0.3536
K = AE H X Ans.
0 0 -0.3536 0.3536 0.8536 - 0.3536 - 0.5 0
0 0 0.3536 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 0.3536 0 0
0 0 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 - 0.5 0 0.8536 0.3536
0 - 0.5 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 0 0 0.3536 0.8536

Ans.

0.3536 -0.3536 -0.3536 0.3536 0 0 0 0

- 0.3536 0.8536 0.3536 -0.3536 0 0 0 - 0.5
-0.3536 0.3536 1.0607 -0.3536 -0.3536 0.3536 - 0.3536 -0.3536
0.3536 -0.3536 - 0.3536 1.0607 0.3536 -0.3536 -0.3536 - 0.3536
K = AE H X
0 0 -0.3536 0.3536 0.8536 - 0.3536 - 0.5 0
0 0 0.3536 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 0.3536 0 0
0 0 -0.3536 - 0.3536 - 0.5 0 0.8536 0.3536
0 - 0.5 -0.3536 -0.3536 0 0 0.3536 0.8536

650
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14–2.  Determine the force in members 1 and 5. AE is 2

1
constant. 4 kN 1

1
4
2
3
2m 5
908 2
4

8 6
4 3
5
7 3

2m

Solution
4 1
0 6 0 2
Dk = C 0 S 7 Qk = E 0 U 3
0 8 0 4
0 5

Using the structure stiffness matrix of Prob. 14–1 and applying

Q = KD, we have

4 0.3536 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 0.3536 0 0 0 0 D1

0 - 0.3536 0.8536 0.3536 - 0.3536 0 0 0 - 0.5 D2
0 - 0.3536 0.3536 1.0607 -0.3536 -0.3536 0.3536 - 0.3536 -0.3536 D3
0 0.3536 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 1.0607 0.3536 -0.3536 -0.3536 -0.3536 D
H X = AE H X H 4X
0 0 0 -0.3536 0.3536 0.8536 - 0.3536 - 0.5 0 D5
Q6 0 0 0.3536 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 0.3536 0 0 0
Q7 0 0 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 - 0.5 0 0.8536 0.3536 0
Q8 0 - 0.5 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 0 0 0.3536 0.8536 0

Partition matrix:

4 0.3536 - 0.3536 -0.3536 0.3536 0 D1 0

0 - 0.3536 0.8536 0.3536 - 0.3536 0 D2 0
E 0 U = AE E -0.3536 0.3536 1.0607 - 0.3536 - 0.3536 U E D3 U + E 0 U
0 0.3536 -0.3536 - 0.3536 1.0607 0.3536 D4 0
0 0 0 -0.3536 0.3536 0.8536 D5 0

4 = AE10.3536D1 - 0.3536D2 - 0.3536D3 + 0.3536D4 2(1)

0 = AE1 -0.3536D1 + 0.8536D2 + 0.3536D3 - 0.3536D4 2(2)
0 = AE1 -0.3536D1 + 0.3536D2 + 1.0607D3 - 0.3536D4 - 0.3536D5 2(3)
0 = AE10.3536D1 - 0.3536D2 - 0.3536D3 + 1.0607D4 + 0.3536D5 2(4)
0 = AE1 -0.3536D3 + 0.3536D4 + 0.8536D5 2(5)
Solving the above equations yields:
38.627 8.00 9.656 - 9.656 8.00
D1 = , D2 = , D3 = , D4 = , D5 =
AE AE AE AE AE

651
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14–2.  (Continued)

For member 1,
lx = 0.7071, ly = - 0.7071, L = 1.414 m
38.627 1
AE 1 8.000 2
q1 = [ - 0.7071 0.7071 0.7071 - 0.7071] D T
1.414 AE 9.656 3
-9.656 4

= - 5.66 kN = 5.66 kN 1C2 Ans.

For member 5,
lx = 0 ly = - 1 L = 2 m
38.627 1
AE 1 8.00 2
q5 = [0 1 0 - 1] D T
2 AE 0 7
0 8

= 4.00 kN 1T2 Ans.

Ans.
q1 = 5.66 kN 1C2
q5 = 4.00 kN 1T2

652
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

14–3.  Determine the stiffness matrix K for the truss. Take 2m 2m

A = 0.0015 m2 and E = 200 GPa for each member. 10 4
5 6 4
3
9

4 3 2m
5
8 2
6
2 5 3
1 1
7 1 2

30 kN

Solution
The origin of the global coordinate system will be set at joint 1 .

0 - 2 0 - 0
For member 1 , L = 2 m.   lx = = - 1 ly = = 0
2 2

5  6   7  8           5  6   7    8

1 0 -1 0 5 1501106 2 0 -1501106 2 0 5
0.0015[2001109 2] 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 6
k1 = D T = D T
2 -1 0 1 0 7 -1501106 2 0 1501106 2 0 7
0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 8

2 - 4 0 - 0
For member 2 , L = 2 m.   lx = = - 1 ly = = 0
2 2

1  2   5  6           1  2   5    6

1 0 -1 0 1 1501106 2 0 -1501106 2 0 1
0.0015[2001109 2] 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2
k2 = D T = D T
2 -1 0 1 0 5 -1501106 2 0 1501106 2 0 5
0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 6

2 - 4 12 2 - 0 12
For member 3 , L = 212m.   lx = = - ly = = -
212 2 212 2

1   
2   3   4           1       2       3       4
0.5 -0.5 -0.5 0.5 1 53.0331106 2 - 53.0331106 2 - 53.0331106 2 53.0331106 2 1
0.0015[2001109 2] - 0.5 0.5 0.5 - 0.5 2 -53.0331106 2 53.0331106 2 53.0331106 2 - 53.0331106 2 2
k3 = D T = D T
212 - 0.5 0.5 0.5 - 0.5 3 -53.0331106 2 53.0331106 2 53.0331106 2 - 53.0331106 2 3
0.5 - 0.5 - 0.5 0.5 4 53.0331106 2 - 53.0331106 2 - 53.0331106 2 53.0331106 2 4

653
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

14–3.  (Continued)

2 - 2 2 - 0
For member 4 , L = 2 m.   lx = = 0 ly = = 1
2 2
5  6  
3  4       5  6   3   4
0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 5
0.0015[2001109 2] 0 1 0 -1 6 0 1501106 2 0 -1501106 2 6
k4 = D T = D T
2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3
0 -1 0 1 4 0 - 1501106 2 0 1501106 2 4

0 - 2 12 0 - 2 12
For member 5 , L = 212 m.    lx = = - ly = = -
212 2 212 2
3   4   7   
8            3      4        7       8
0.5 0.5 - 0.5 - 0.5 3 53.0331106 2 53.0331106 2 -53.0331106 2 -53.0331106 2 3
0.0015[2001109 2] 0.5 0.5 - 0.5 -0.5 4 53.0331106 2 53.0331106 2 -53.0331106 2 -53.0331106 2 4
k5 = D T = D T
212 - 0.5 - 0.5 0.5 0.5 7 -53.0331106 2 -53.0331106 2 53.0331106 2 53.0331106 2 7
- 0.5 - 0.5 0.5 0.5 8 - 53.0331106 2 - 53.0331106 2 53.0331106 2 53.0331106 2 8

0 - 2 2 - 2
For member 6 , L = 2 m.     lx = = -1 ly = = 0
2 2

3   4  9 10            
3    4      
9   10
1 0 -1 0 3 1501106 2 0 -1501106 2 0 3
0.0015[2001109 2] 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 4
k6 = D T = D T
2 -1 0 1 0 9 -1501106 2 0 1501106 2 0 9
0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 10

654
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

14–3.  (Continued)

Structure stiffness matrix is a 10 * 10 matrix since the highest code number is 10. Thus,
1     2    3     4       5   6    7     8    9    10

203.033 -53.033 - 53.033 53.033 -150 0 0 0 0 0 1

- 53.033 53.033 53.033 - 53.033 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
- 53.033 53.033 256.066 0 0 0 -53.033 - 53.033 -150 0 3
53.033 - 53.033 0 256.66 0 - 150 -53.033 - 53.033 0 0 4
- 150 0 0 0 300 0 -150 0 0 0 5
K = I Y 1106 2 N>m Ans.
0 0 0 - 150 0 150 0 0 0 0 6
0 0 -53.033 -53.033 -150 0 203.033 53.033 0 0 7
0 0 -53.033 -53.033 0 0 53.033 53.033 0 0 8
0 0 -150 0 0 0 0 0 150 0 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10

Ans.
1     2    3     4       5   6    7     8    9    10

203.033 - 53.033 -53.033 53.033 - 150 0 0 0 0 0 1

- 53.033 53.033 53.033 - 53.033 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
- 53.033 53.033 256.066 0 0 0 -53.033 - 53.033 -150 0 3
53.033 - 53.033 0 256.66 0 - 150 -53.033 -53.033 0 0 4
- 150 0 0 0 300 0 -150 0 0 0 5
K = I Y 1106 2 N>m
0 0 0 - 150 0 150 0 0 0 0 6
0 0 - 53.033 -53.033 - 150 0 203.033 53.033 0 0 7
0 0 - 53.033 -53.033 0 0 53.033 53.033 0 0 8
0 0 - 150 0 0 0 0 0 150 0 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10

655
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*14–4.  Determine the vertical displacement at joint 2 and 2m 2m

the force in member 5. Take A = 0.0015 m2 and E = 200 GPa. 10 4
5 6 4
3
9

4 3 2m
5
8 2
6
2 5 3
1 1
7 1 2

30 kN

Solution
Here,
0 1
- 301103 2 2 0 7
0 3 0 8
Qk = F V Dk = D T
0 4 0 9
0 5 0 10
0 6

Then, applying Q = KD,

0 203.033 - 53.033 -53.033 53.033 - 150 0 0 0 0 0 D1

-301103 2 - 53.033 53.033 53.033 - 53.033 0 0 0 0 0 0 D2
0 - 53.033 53.033 256.066 0 0 0 - 53.033 - 53.033 -150 0 D3
0 53.033 - 53.033 0 256.066 0 - 150 - 53.033 -53.033 0 0 D4
0 - 150 0 0 0 300 0 - 150 0 0 0 D
I Y = I Y 1106 2 I 5Y
0 0 0 0 - 150 0 150 0 0 0 0 D6
Q7 0 0 - 53.033 - 53.033 -150 0 203.033 53.033 0 0 0
Q8 0 0 - 53.033 -53.033 0 0 53.033 53.033 0 0 0
Q9 0 0 - 150 0 0 0 0 0 150 0 0
Q10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

656
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

14–4.  (Continued)

From the matrix partition, Qk = K11Du + K12Dk is given by

0 203.033 - 53.033 -53.033 53.033 - 150 0 D1 0

- 301103 2 - 53.033 53.033 53.033 -53.033 0 0 D2 0
0 - 53.033 53.033 256.066 0 0 0 D 0
F V = F V 1106 2 F 3 V + F V
0 53.033 - 53.033 0 256.066 0 - 150 D4 0
0 - 150 0 0 0 300 0 D5 0
0 0 0 0 -150 0 150 D6 0

Expanding this matrix equality,

0 = [203.033D1 - 53.033D2 - 53.033D3 + 53.033D4 - 150D5]1106 2(1)

- 301103 2 = [ - 53.033D1 + 53.033D2 + 53.033D3 - 53.033D4]1106 2(2)

0 = [ -53.033D1 + 53.033D2 + 256.066D3]1106 2(3)

0 = [53.033D1 - 53.033D2 + 256.066D4 - 150D6]1106 2(4)

0 = [ -150D1 + 300D5]1106 2(5)

0 = [ -150D4 + 150D6]1106 2(6)

Solving Eqs. (1) to (6),

D1 = -0.0004 m D2 = - 0.0023314 m D3 = 0.0004 m D4 = -0.00096569 m Ans.
D5 = -0.0002 m D6 = - 0.00096569 m = 0.000966 mT  Ans.

12 12
Force in member 5 : Here lx = - , ly = - and L = 212 m.
2 2

Applying Eqs. 14–23,

0.0004 3
0.0015[2001109 2 12 12 12 12 - 0.00096569 4
1q5 2 F = c - - d D T
212 2 2 2 2 0 7
0 8
= -42.4 kN = 42.4 kN 1C2 Ans. Ans.
D1 = -0.0004 m
D2 = -0.0023314 m
D3 = 0.0004 m
D4 = -0.00096569 m
D5 = -0.0002 m
D6 = 0.000966 mT
1q5 2 F = -42.4 kN

657
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

14–5.  Determine the stiffness matrix K for the truss. Take 4

A = 0.75 in2, E = 29(103) ksi. Assume all joints are pin 3
connected. 2

4 ft 1

2
6
5 2
1
3 1
3 ft 2k
3
8
7
4
4 ft

Solution
Member 1: Member 2:
0 - 4 1 7 - 3 1 0 - 4 3 - 3
lx = = - ; ly = = lx = = -1; ly = = 0
412 12 412 12 4 4
1 2 3 4 1 2 5 6
0.0884 - 0.0884 - 0.0884 0.0884 1 0.25 0 - 0.25 0 1
AE -0.0884 0.0884 0.0884 -0.0884 2 AE 0 0 0 0 2
k1 = D T k2 = D T
12 -0.0884 0.0884 0.0884 -0.0884 3 12 - 0.25 0 0.25 0 5
0.0884 - 0.0884 - 0.0884 0.0884 4 0 0 0 0 6

Member 3:
0 - 4 0 - 3
lx = = -0.8; ly = = - 0.6
5 5
1 2 7 8
0.128 0.096 -0.128 - 0.096 1
AE 0.096 0.072 - 0.096 -0.072 2
k3 = D T
12 -0.128 - 0.096 0.128 0.096 7
- 0.096 - 0.072 0.096 0.072 8

Structure stiffness matrix: K = k1 + k2 + k3

Substituting A = 0.75 in2, E = 291103 2 ksi,

845.3289 13.79611 - 160.2039 160.2039 - 453.125 0 - 232 -174

13.79611 290.7039 160.2039 - 160.2039 0 0 - 174 -130.5
- 160.2039 160.2039 160.2039 - 160.2039 0 0 0 0
160.2039 - 160.2039 - 160.2039 160.2039 0 0 0 0
K = H X k>in. Ans.
- 453.125 0 0 0 453.125 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 232 - 174 0 0 0 0 232 174
- 174 - 130.5 0 0 0 0 174 130.5

Ans.
845.3289 13.79611 -160.2039 160.2039 - 453.125 0 - 232 -174
13.79611 290.7039 160.2039 - 160.2039 0 0 - 174 -130.5
- 160.2039 160.2039 160.2039 - 160.2039 0 0 0 0
160.2039 -160.2039 -160.2039 160.2039 0 0 0 0
K = H X k>in.
- 453.125 0 0 0 453.125 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 232 -174 0 0 0 0 232 174
- 174 - 130.5 0 0 0 0 174 130.5

658
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

14–6.  Determine the vertical deflection of joint 1 and the 4

force in member 2 of the truss in Prob. 14–5. 3
2

4 ft 1

2
6
5 2
1
3 1
3 ft 2k
3
8
7
4
4 ft

Solution
0 3
0 4
0 5 0 1
Dk = F V Qk = c d
0 6 - 2 2
0 7
0 8

Using the structure stiffness matrix of Prob. 14–5 and

applying Q = KD,

0 845.3289 13.79611 - 160.2039 160.2039 - 453.125 0 - 232 -174 D1

-2 13.79611 290.7039 160.2039 -160.2039 0 0 - 174 -130.5 D2
Q3 - 160.2039 160.2039 160.2039 -160.2039 0 0 0 0 0
Q 160.2039 -160.2039 -160.2039 160.2039 0 0 0 0 0
H 4X = H XH X
Q5 - 453.125 0 0 0 453.125 0 0 0 0
Q6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Q7 - 232 -174 0 0 0 0 232 174 0
Q8 - 174 -130.5 0 0 0 0 174 130.5 0

Partition matrix:
0 = 845.3289D1 + 13.79611D2
- 2 = 13.79611D1 + 290.7039D2
Solving the above linear equations:
D1 = 0.11237110 - 3 2 in.; D2 = - 6.8852110 - 3 2 in. = 6.8852110 - 3 2 in.T  Ans.

To find force in member 2:

0 - 4 3 - 3
lx = = - 1; ly = = 0
4 4

0.11237 1
0.75129110322 - 6.8852 2
q2 = [1 0 - 1 0]110 - 3 2 D T
48 0 5
0 6
q2 = 50.9 lb 1T2 Ans.

Ans.
D2 = 6.8852110 - 3 2 in.T
q2 = 50.9 lb 1T2

659
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

14–7.  Determine the stiffness matrix K for the truss. AE is 3m

constant. 2
6 2
3
5 1
3

3 kN

4m 1
2

1
4

458
Solution
The origin of the global coordinate system is set at joint 1 .

-1 4
For member 2,  L = 5 m. Referring to Fig. a,  ux″ = 180° - 45° - sin a b = 81.87° uy″ = 171.87°.
5
Thus, lx″ = cos ux″ = cos 81.87° = 0.14142 and ly″ = cos uy″ = cos 171.87° = - 0.98995.

0 - 3 0 - 4
Also, lx = = - 0.6 and ly = = - 0.8.
5 5
1 2 3 4
0.072 0.096 0.01697 - 0.11879 1
0.096 0.128 0.02263 - 0.15839 2
k2 = AE D T
0.01697 0.02263 0.004 -0.028 3
- 0.11879 - 0.15839 - 0.028 0.196 4

For member 1 , L = 4 m. Referring to Fig. b, ux″ = 45° and uy″ = 135°.

12 12
Thus, lx″ = cos 45° = and ly″ = cos 135° = - .
2 2

Also, lx = 0 and ly = - 1.
5      6         3         4
0 0 0 0 5
0 0.25 0.17678 -0.17678 6
k1 = AE D T
0 0.17678 0.125 -0.125 3
0 -0.17678 - 0.125 0.125 4

For member 3 ,  L = 3 m, lx = 1, and ly = 0.

5      6       1     2
0.33333 0 - 0.33333 0 5
0 0 0 0 6
k3 = AE D T
-0.33333 0 0.33333 0 1
0 0 0 0 2

660
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

The structure stiffness matrix is a 6 * 6 matrix since the highest

code number is 6. Thus,

0.40533 0.096 0.01697 -0.11879 - 0.33333 0

0.096 0.128 0.02263 - 0.15839 0 0
0.01697 0.02263 0.129 -0.153 0 0.17678
K = AE F V Ans.
- 0.11879 - 0.15839 - 0.153 0.321 0 - 0.17678
-0.33333 0 0 0 0.33333 0
0 0 0.17678 -0.17678 0 0.25

Ans.
0.40533 0.096 0.01697 -0.11879 - 0.33333 0
0.096 0.128 0.02263 -0.15839 0 0
0.01697 0.02263 0.129 -0.153 0 0.17678
K = AE F V
- 0.11879 - 0.15839 -0.153 0.321 0 - 0.17678
-0.33333 0 0 0 0.33333 0
0 0 0.17678 - 0.17678 0 0.25

661
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*14–8.  Determine the vertical displacement of joint 2 and 3m

2
the support reactions. AE is constant. 6 2
3
5 1
3

3 kN

4m 1
2

1
4
Solution
3
0 1 0 4
Here, Qk = £ - 31103 2 § 2 and Dk = £ 0 § 5 458
0 3 0 6

Applying Q = KD,

0 0.40533 0.096 0.01697 -0.11879 - 0.33333 0 D1

- 31103 2 0.096 0.128 0.02263 - 0.15839 0 0 D2
0 0.01697 0.02263 0.129 - 0.153 0 0.17678 D
F V = AE F V F 3V
Q4 - 0.11879 - 0.15839 -0.153 0.321 0 - 0.17678 0
Q5 - 0.33333 0 0 0 0.33333 0 0
Q6 0 0 0.17678 -0.17678 0 0.25 0

From the matrix partition, Qk = K11Du + K12Dk.

0 0.40533 0.096 0.01697 D1 0

£ -31103 2 § = AE £ 0.096 0.128 0.02263 § £ D2 § + £ 0 §
0 0.01697 0.02263 0.129 D3 0

Expanding this matrix equality,

0 = AE10.40533D1 + 0.096D2 + 0.01697D3 2(1)
-31103 2 = AE10.096D1 + 0.128D2 + 0.02263D3 2(2)
0 = AE10.01697D1 + 0.02263D2 + 0.0129D3 2(3)

Solving Eqs. (1) to (3),

6.7501103 2 4.24261103 2 - 29.2501103 2 29.31103 2
D1 = D3 = D2 = = T Ans.
AE AE AE AE

Again, the matrix partition Qu = K21Du + K22Dk gives

Q4 - 0.11879 - 0.15839 - 0.153 6.7501103 2 0

1
£ Q5 § = AE £ - 0.33333 0 0 § £ - 29.2501103 2 § + £ 0 §
AE
Q6 0 0 0.17678 4.24261103 2 0

Q4 = 8.1821103 2 N = 3.18 kNQ Q5 = - 2.2501103 2 N = - 2.25 kN = 2.25 kN d Ans.

Q6 = 750 N c Ans.

Ans.
6.7501103 2 4.24261103 2 29.31103 2
D1 = D3 = D2 =
AE AE AE
Q4 = 3.18 kNQ Q5 = 2.25 kN d
Q6 = 750 N c

662
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14–9.  Determine the stiffness matrix K for the truss. AE is 8 2

constant. 47 2 3
1

4 1 3m

Solution
5 6 4
Member 1:
3
0 - 3 1 6 3 2
lx = 0 ly = = -1
3 4m

1 2 3 4 10 kN
0 0 0 0 1
0 0.3333 0 - 0.3333 2
k1 = AE D T
0 0 0 0 3
0 -0.3333 0 0.3333 4

Member 2:
0 - 4
lx = = -1 ly = 0
4
1 2 7 8
0.25 0 - 0.25 0 1
0 0 0 0 2
k2 = AE D T
-0.25 0 0.25 0 7
0 0 0 0 8

Member 3:
0 - 4
lx = = -1 ly = 0
4
3 4 6 5
0.25 0 - 0.25 0 3
0 0 0 0 4
k3 = AE D T
-0.25 0 0.25 0 6
0 0 0 0 5

Member 4:
3 - 0
lx = 0 ly = = 1
3
6 5 7 8
0 0 0 0 6
0 0.3333 0 - 0.3333 5
k4 = AE D T
0 0 0 0 7
0 -0.3333 0 0.3333 8

Member 5:
0 - 4 3 - 0
lx = = -0.8 ly = = 0.6
5 5
3 4 7 8
0.128 - 0.096 -0.128 0.096 3
- 0.096 0.072 0.096 - 0.072 4
k5 = AE D T
-0.128 0.096 0.128 -0.096 7
0.096 - 0.072 -0.096 0.072 8

663
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14–9.  (Continued)

Member 6:
0 - 4 0 - 3
lx = = -0.8 ly = = - 0.6
5 5
1 2 6 5
0.128 0.096 - 0.128 -0.096 1
0.096 0.072 - 0.096 -0.072 2
k6 = AE D T
-0.128 - 0.096 0.128 0.096 6
- 0.096 - 0.072 0.096 0.072 5

Structure stiffness matrix:

K = k1 + k2 + k3 + k4 + k5 + k6

0.378 0.096 0 0 - 0.096 - 0.128 -0.25 0

0.096 0.4053 0 - 0.3333 -0.072 -0.096 0 0
0 0 0.378 -0.096 0 -0.25 -0.128 0.096
0 - 0.3333 - 0.096 0.4053 0 0 0.096 -0.072
K = AE H X
-0.096 - 0.072 0 0 0.4053 0.096 0 - 0.3333
- 0.128 -0.096 - 0.25 0 0.096 0.378 0 0
-0.25 0 - 0.128 0.096 0 0 0.378 -0.096
0 0 0.096 -0.072 -0.3333 0 -0.096 0.4053

113.4 28.8 0 0 -28.8 - 38.4 -75 0

28.8 121.6 0 - 100 - 21.6 -28.8 0 0
0 0 113.4 - 28.8 0 - 75 -38.4 28.8
0 - 100 - 28.8 121.6 0 0 28.8 - 21.6
K = H X 1106 2 N>m Ans.
- 28.8 -21.6 0 0 121.6 28.8 0 - 100
- 38.4 - 28.8 - 75 0 28.8 113.4 0 0
- 75 0 - 38.4 28.8 0 0 113.4 -28.8
0 0 28.8 - 21.6 -100 0 -28.8 121.6

Ans.
113.4 28.8 0 0 - 28.8 - 38.4 - 75 0
28.8 121.6 0 -100 -21.6 - 28.8 0 0
0 0 113.4 -28.8 0 - 75 - 38.4 28.8
0 - 100 -28.8 121.6 0 0 28.8 - 21.6
K = H X 1106 2 N>m
- 28.8 - 21.6 0 0 121.6 28.8 0 -100
- 38.4 - 28.8 -75 0 28.8 113.4 0 0
- 75 0 -38.4 28.8 0 0 113.4 - 28.8
0 0 28.8 - 21.6 - 100 0 - 28.8 121.6

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14–10.  Determine the force in member 6.  Take A = 0.0015 m2 8 2

and E = 200 GPa for each member. 47 2 3
1

4 1 3m

5 6 4
3
1 6 3 2
4m

10 kN

Solution
Using the structure stiffness matrix of Prob. 14.9 and applying
Q = KD, we have

0 0.378 0.096 0 0 - 0.096 - 0.128 - 0.25 0 D1

0 0.096 0.4053 0 - 0.3333 -0.072 -0.096 0 0 D2
0 1
0 0 0 0.378 -0.096 0 - 0.25 - 0.128 0.096 D3
0 6 0 2
-10 0 -0.3333 -0.096 0.4053 0 0 0.096 - 0.072 D
Dk = C 0 S 7 Qx = E 0 U 3 H X = AE H X H 4X
0 -0.096 -0.072 0 0 0.4053 0.096 0 -0.3333 D5
0 8 - 10 4
Q6 - 0.128 -0.096 -0.25 0 0.096 0.378 0 0 0
0 5
Q7 - 0.25 0 - 0.128 0.096 0 0 0.378 - 0.096 0
Q8 0 0 0.096 - 0.072 -0.3333 0 -0.096 0.4053 0

Partition matrix:

0 0.378 0.096 0 0 - 0.096 D1 0

0 0.096 0.4053 0 - 0.3333 - 0.072 D2 0
E 0 U = AE E 0 0 0.378 - 0.096 0 U E D3 U + E 0 U
- 10 0 - 0.3333 - 0.096 0.4053 0 D4 0
0 - 0.096 -0.072 0 0 0.4043 D5 0

0 = AE10.378D1 + 0.096D2 - 0.096D5 2(1)

0 = AE10.096D1 + 0.4053D2 - 0.0333D4 - 0.072D5 2(2)

0 = AE10.378D3 - 0.096D4 2(3)

- 10 = AE1 - 0.3333D2 - 0.096D3 + 0.4053D4 2(4)

0 = AE1 -0.096D1 - 0.072D2 + 0.4053D3 2(5)

Solving the above equations yields:

23.3333 - 105 - 30 -118.125 -13.125 Ans.
D1 = , D2 = , D3 = , D4 = , D5 =
AE AE AE AE AE

For member 6,
lx = - 0.8, ly = - 0.6, L = 5 m
23.3333 1
AE 1 - 105 2
q6 = [0.8 0.6 - 0.8 - 0.6] D T
5 AE 0 6
- 13.125 5 Ans.
= - 7.292 kN = 7.29 kN 1C2 Ans. q6 = 7.29 kN 1C2

665
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14–11.  Determine the force in member 1 if this member was 8 2

10 mm too long before it was fitted into the truss. For the 47 2 3
solution remove the 10-kN load. Take A = 0.0015 m2 and 1
E = 200 GPa for each member.
5

4 1 3m

5 6 4
3
1 6 3 2
4m

10 kN

Solution
1Q1 2 0 0 1 0 1
1Q2 2 0 AE10.012 - 1 2 - 0.003333 2
D T = D T = AE D T
1Q3 2 0 3 0 3 0 3
1Q4 2 0 1 4 0.003333 4

Use the structure stiffness matrix of Prob. 14-9.

0 0.378 0.096 0 0 - 0.096 - 0.128 -0.25 0 D1 0

0 0.096 0.4053 0 -0.3333 - 0.072 - 0.096 0 0 D2 -0.003333
0 0 0 0.378 -0.096 0 - 0.25 -0.128 0.096 D3 0
0 0 - 0.3333 -0.096 0.4053 0 0 0.096 -0.072 D4 0.003333
H X = AE H X H X + AE H X
0 - 0.096 - 0.072 0 0 0.4053 0.096 0 - 0.3333 D5 0
Q6 - 0.128 - 0.096 - 0.25 0 0.096 0.378 0 0 0 0
Q7 - 0.25 0 - 0.128 0.096 0 0 0.378 -0.096 0 0
Q8 0 0 0.096 -0.072 -0.3333 0 -0.096 0.4053 0 0

0 = 0.378D1 + 0.096D2 + 0D3 + 0D4 - 0.096D5 + 0(1)

0 = 0.096D1 + 0.4053D2 + 0D3 - 0.3333D4 - 0.072D5 - 0.003333(2)

0 = 0D1 + 0D2 + 0.378D3 - 0.096D4 + 0D5 + 0(3)

0 = 0D1 = -0.3333D2 - 096D3 + 0.4053D4 + 0D5 + 0.003333(4)

0 = - 0.096D1 - 0.072D2 + 0D3 + 0D4 + 0.4053D5 + 0(5)

Solving the above equations yields:

D1 = -0.0011111, D2 = 0.005
D3 = -0.0011111, D4 = - 0.004375
D5 = 0.000625

The force in member 1:

lx = 0, ly = - 1, L = 3 m

- 0.001111 1
0.0015120021109 2 0.0050000 2
q1 = [0 1 0 - 1] D T - 10.00152120021109 210.0033332
3 - 0.001111 3
- 0.004375 4
= - 62.5 kN = 62.5 kN 1C2 Ans. Ans.
q1 = 62.5 kN 1C2

666
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*14–12.  Determine the stiffness matrix K for the truss. AE is 2

constant. 3 1
8k

1
2 10 ft
6
4
3 4 5
4 2

3 5 6 10 ft

10
5 8
1
9
7
10 ft

Solution
10 - 0 10 - 20
Member 1: lx = = 0.7071 ly = = -0.7071
1200 1200

0.03536 - 0.03536 -0.03536 0.03536

- 0.03536 0.03536 0.03536 - 0.03536
k1 = AE D T
- 0.03536 0.03536 0.03536 - 0.03536
0.03536 -0.03536 -0.03536 0.03536

10 - 20
Member 2: lx = 0 ly = = -1
10

0 0 0 0
0 0.10 0 - 0.10
k2 = AE D T
0 0 0 0
0 -0.10 0 0.10

0 - 10
Member 3: lx = 0 ly = = -1
10

0 0 0 0
0 0.10 0 - 0.10
k3 = AE D T
0 0 0 0
0 -0.10 0 0.10

10 - 0
Member 4: lx = = 1 ly = 0
10

0.10 0 - 0.10 0
0 0 0 0
k4 = AE D T
- 0.10 0 0.10 0
0 0 0 0

Member 5:
0 - 10 0 - 10
lx = = - 0.7071 ly = = - 0.7071
1200 1200

0.03536 0.03536 -0.03536 -0.03536

0.03536 0.03536 -0.03536 -0.03536
k5 = AE D T
- 0.03536 -0.03536 0.03536 0.03536
- 0.03536 - 0.03536 0.03536 0.03536

667
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

14–12.  (Continued)

0 - 10
Member 6: lx = 0 ly = = -1
10

0 0 0 0
0 0.10 0 - 0.10
k6 = AE D T
0 0 0 0
0 - 0.10 0 0.10

Structure stiffness matrix:

K = k1 + k2 + k3 + k4 + k5 + k6

0.03536 - 0.03536 0 0 -0.03536 0.03536 0 0 0 0

- 0.03536 0.13536 0 -0.10 0.03536 -0.03536 0 0 0 0
0 0 0.10 0 -0.10 0 0 0 0 0
0 - 0.10 0 0.20 0 0 0 0 0 -0.10
- 0.03536 0.03536 -0.10 0 0.17071 0 0 0 - 0.03536 -0.03536
K = AE I Y Ans.
0.03536 - 0.03536 0 0 0 0.17071 0 - 10 -0.03536 -0.03536
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 - 0.10 0 - 0.10 0 0
0 0 0 0 - 0.03536 - 0.03536 0 0 0.03536 0.03536
0 0 0 - 0.10 - 0.03536 -0.03536 0 0 0.03536 0.03536

Ans.

0.03536 - 0.03536 0 0 - 0.03536 0.03536 0 0 0 0

- 0.03536 0.13536 0 -0.10 0.03536 -0.03536 0 0 0 0
0 0 0.10 0 - 0.10 0 0 0 0 0
0 - 0.10 0 0.20 0 0 0 0 0 -0.10
- 0.03536 0.03536 -0.10 0 0.17071 0 0 0 - 0.03536 - 0.03536
K = AE I Y
0.03536 -0.03536 0 0 0 0.17071 0 - 10 - 0.03536 -0.03536
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 - 0.10 0 - 0.10 0 0
0 0 0 0 - 0.03536 -0.03536 0 0 0.03536 0.03536
0 0 0 - 0.10 - 0.03536 - 0.03536 0 0 0.03536 0.03536

668
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

14–13.  Determine the horizontal displacement of joint 3 2

and the force in member 1. AE is constant. 3 1
8k

1
2 10 ft
6
4
3 4 5
4 2

3 5 6 10 ft

10
5 8
1
9
7
10 ft

Solution
8
0 0
0 0
Dk = D T Qk = F V
0 0
0 0
0

Using the structure stiffness matrix of Prob. 14-5 and applying:

Q = KD, we have

8 0.03536 - 0.03536 0 0 -0.03536 0.03536 0 0 0 0 D1

0 - 0.03536 0.13536 0 -0.10 0.03536 - 0.03536 0 0 0 0 D2
0 0 0 0.10 0 -0.10 0 0 0 0 0 D3
0 0 - 0.10 0 0.20 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.10 D4
0 - 0.03536 0.03536 - 0.10 0 0.17071 0 0 0 - 0.03536 -0.03536 D
I Y = AE I Y I 5Y
0 0.03536 -0.03536 0 0 0 0.17071 0 - 10 -0.03536 - 0.03536 D6
Q7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Q8 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.10 0 - 0.10 0 0 0
Q9 0 0 0 0 -0.03536 - 0.03536 0 0 0.03536 0.03536 0
Q10 0 0 0 - 0.10 - 0.03536 -0.03536 0 0 0.03536 0.13536 0

Partition matrix:
8 0.03536 - 0.03536 0 0 - 0.03536 0.03536 D1 0
0 - 0.03536 0.13536 0 -0.10 0.03536 -0.03536 D2 0
0 0 0 0.10 0 - 0.10 0 D3 0
F V = AE F VF V + F V
0 0 -0.10 0 0.20 0 0 D4 0
0 -0.03536 0.03536 - 0.10 0 0.17071 0 D5 0
0 0.03536 - 0.03536 0 0 0 0.17071 D6 0

8 = AE10.03536D1 - 0.03536D2 - 0.03536D5 + 0.0353D6 2

0 = AE1 - 0.03536D1 + 0.13536D2 - 0.10D4 + 0.3536D5 - 0.03536D6 2
0 = AE10.10D3 - 0.10D5 2
0 = AE1 - 0.10D2 + 0.20D4 2
0 = AE1 - 0.03536D1 + 0.03536D2 - 0.10D3 + 0.17071D5 2
0 = AE10.03536D1 - 0.03536D2 + 0.17071D6 2

669
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14–13.  (Continued)

Solving the above equations yields:

932.548 933 Ans.
D1 = = 
AE AE
160.00 386.274 80.00 386.274 -160.00
D2 = , D3 = , D4 = , D5 = , D6 =
AE AE AE AE AE

For member 1,
lx = 0.7071, ly = - 0.7071, L = 14.142 ft
932.548
AE 1 160.00
q1 = [ -0.7071 0.7071 0.7071 - 0.7071] D T
14.142 AE 386.274
-160.00
= 11.3 k 1C2 Ans.

Ans.
933
D1 =
AE
q1 = 11.3 k 1C2

670