01 TDM Voice Introduction

TDM Voice Introduction
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foreword
 Traditional voice network uses TDM technology and narrow
band signaling to realize the voice transmission.
 This chapter describes the traditional voice network and basic

voice transmission knowledge.
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 1
Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Understand the traditional voice network;
 Understand the components, interfaces and signaling in the

traditional voice network.
Phone Terminals
Fax
Phone:
PSTN Terminal  Digital Phone
PBX  Analog Phone
 Fax
 Digital phone (Digital line)
 Advantages: more feature, easy to use, connect quickly
 Disadvantages: non-standard, expensive.
 Analog phone (Analog line)
 Advantages : universal, cheap
 Disadvantages: few feature, connect slowly
 Fax machine (Analog line)
PBX
 PBX: Private Branch Exchange
Trunk Card
Subscriber
Card
Switched
Network Trunk Card
Subscriber
Card Signaling
Processor
Control System
PBX
User Interface Analog Trunks
Analog
Analog phone
Line Card
Analog
Trunk Card PSTN or PBX
Digital
Digital phone
Line Card
Switching
Data
Matrix
Digital terminal Digital Trunks
Line Card
ISDN BRI Digital

ISDN terminal PSTN or PBX
Line Card Trunk Card
Common
Control
Analog Line
 Electric currents are used to send analog signals.

voltage
Time
 Each analog circuit is composed of a pair of wires.
Ground
Battery (ring)-48V
Analog Phone Central Office
Digital Line
 Digital signals use discrete values to represent levels of voice

instead of a combination of electrical signals.
1
0 0
Digital connection
PBX
Central office
… 1 …
1 1 0 1 …
Time slot #1 Time slot #0

Time slot #0 Time slot #1
Time slot #31
Type of Circuit
Circuit Type
 Analog Circuit
 Digital Circuit
PSTN
PBX  Digital Circuit

 A digital circuit support multiple sessions at the same time
 Advantage: Digital signaling connect quickly, high port density, more
calling information
 Disadvantage: The rent is more expensive
 Analog Circuit
 An analog circuit support only one session at the same time
Advantage: Apply for the number of circuit as your need, the rent is
more cheap
 Disadvantage: Analog signaling connect slowly, low port density, less
calling information
Analog Circuit
FXO FXS FXO FXS

PSTN
Telephone PBX
Analog Circuit
 FXS (Foreign eXchange Station): It is analog voice interface, also called subscriber
interface, and it is the port that you plug a telephone, fax, or modem to provide
telephony service.
 FXO (Foreign eXchange Office): It is the port on the device that connect to the CO or PBX,
the port maybe on a telephone, fax and router that connects to the FXS port.
Opposite
Interface Call out Call in
interface
FXS Loop current variety Receive ringing current FXO
FXO Close loop circuit Receive ringing current FXS
Digital Circuit/Trunk
T1 T1
64kbps/channel PSTN
PBX
E1 E1
Signaling
Type Bandwidth Area Number
Channel
North America, Japan,
T1 1.544 Mbit/s 24 23rd
Hong Kong, Taiwan
E1 2.048 Mbit/s Europe, Asia 32 16th
Signaling
Phone PBX Inter-office signaling Phone

Line Signaling PBX
 Signaling is the exchange information between involved points

in the network that sets up, controls, and terminates each
telephone call.
 Types of signaling
 Line Signaling: Loop start signaling, Ground start signaling.
 Inter-office signaling: CAS, CCS.
Loop Start Signaling
 Loop start signaling is a typical signaling between a user and

the exchange.
 Voice signaling can be classified into three general types:

 Supervisory
 Addressing (Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) and Pulse)
 Informational-indicates call progress

Ground
-48V
Analog phone Central office
Signaling - CAS
 CAS (Channel Associated Signaling): Signaling and audio are

encoded and transmitted in the same channel.
PSTN
T1/E1 T1/E1
PBX
Signaling and Audio
CAS - R2
Line Signaling
R2 Signaling
Inter-register Signaling
Audio+ Inter-register Signaling
Line Signaling
PSTN
E1 E1
PBX
Signaling - CCS
 CCS (Common Channel Signaling) transmits the signaling
information (control information) on a separate channel from
the audio. Signaling channel controls multiple audio channels.
 For example, PRA and SS7.
PSTN
T1/E1 T1/E1
PBX
Audio Signaling
CCS - SS7
 Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) is a set of telephony signaling

protocols which are used to set up most of the PSTN calls.
 The network can be made up of several link types and three

signaling nodes - Service Switching Point (SSPs), Signal Transfer
Point (STPs), and Service Control Point (SCPs).
CCS - PRA
 PRA consists of B-channel and D-channel;
 T1 PRA consists of “23B+D”, E1 PRA contain ”30B+D”.
D-channel: 64kbps
PSTN
E1/T1 E1/T1
PBX
23 or 30 B-channel: 64kbps
CCS - PRA
OSI PRA
7  Network Layer
Responsible for packet forwarding including routing
through intermediate routers, whereas the data link
6 layer is responsible for media access control, flow
control and error checking.
Point to
5
point user
signaling  Data Link Layer
4 Provides the functional and procedural means to
transfer data between network entities and might
provide the means to detect and possibly correct errors
3 Q.931 that may occur in the physical layer.
2 Q.921(LAPD)  Physical Layer

Provides an electrical, mechanical, and procedural
1 interface to the transmission medium.
I.431/I.430
PRA Basic Call Flow
caller network
SETUP
SETUP ACKNOWLEDGE
CALL PROCEEDING
ALERTING
CONNECT
CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE
Traditional Voice Application Network
Beijing New York
2
PBX PSTN PBX
SS7/PRA
1 3
… …
Phone Phone Phone Phone
Phone
Fax Application
 Fax machine can transmit signal through the existing PSTN

telephone network.
 Fax machine needs modulation and demodulation for fax

communication.
Modem
 A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates

an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also
demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted
information.
 The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily

and decoded to reproduce the original digital data.
Summary
 Traditional terminals and PBX structure.
 The narrow bandwidth trunk protocols about traditional voice

network.
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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TDM Voice Introduction

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 This chapter describes the traditional voice network and basic

 Understand the components, interfaces and signaling in the

 PBX: Private Branch Exchange

ISDN BRI Digital

 Electric currents are used to send analog signals.

Analog Phone Central Office

 Digital signals use discrete values to represent levels of voice

Time slot #1 Time slot #0

PBX  Digital Circuit

FXO FXS FXO FXS

FXO Close loop circuit Receive ringing current FXS

Phone PBX Inter-office signaling Phone

 Signaling is the exchange information between involved points

 Loop start signaling is a typical signaling between a user and

 Voice signaling can be classified into three general types:

 Addressing (Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) and Pulse)

 Informational-indicates call progress

Analog phone Central office

 CAS (Channel Associated Signaling): Signaling and audio are

Audio+ Inter-register Signaling

 Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) is a set of telephony signaling

 The network can be made up of several link types and three

2 Q.921(LAPD)  Physical Layer

Beijing New York

 Fax machine can transmit signal through the existing PSTN

 Fax machine needs modulation and demodulation for fax

 A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates

 The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily

 Traditional terminals and PBX structure.

 The narrow bandwidth trunk protocols about traditional voice

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