113

Chapter 10 Basic Properties of Circles

Q & A (P.10.2) 5. ∵ DC // FE
PN is the perpendicular bisector of AB and △OAB is an ∴ a = 125
isosceles triangle with OA = OB. ∵ BA // DC
∴ AN = BN ∴ b + 125 = 180
1 b = 55
= AB
2
1
=  37.47 m 6. ∵ ABC = BCD = 60
2
= 18.735 m ∴ AB is parallel to CD.
Let r m be the radius of the arch.
ON = OP − PN 7. With the notation in the figure,
= (r − 7.23) m
In △OAN, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
AN2 + ON2 = OA2
18.7352 + (r − 7.23)2 = r2
18.7352 + r2 − 2(7.23)r + 7.232 = r2
14.46r = 18.7352 + 7.232 x = 135
r = 27.9, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 45 + x = 45 + 135
∴ The radius of the arch is 27.9 m. = 180
∴ AB is parallel to CD.
Review Exercise (P.10.6)
1. x + x + x = 180 8. x + 60 + 45 = 180
3x = 180 x + 105 = 180
x = 60 x = 75

2. x + 90 + 120 = 360 9. m = 40 + 90

x + 210 = 360 = 130
x = 150
10. QRP = a
3. AOC = EOD PQR + QRP + RPQ = 180
60 + p = 90 100 + a + a = 180
p = 30 2a = 80
a = 40
4. ∵ AB // CD
∴ x = 60

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114 Solutions

11. In △CBD, 17. In △ABC,

35 + 90 + y = 180 ACB + 50 + 90 = 180
125 + y = 180 ACB + 140 = 180
y = 55 ACB = 40
In △ABC, In △RPQ,
∵ CBA = CAB = 55 QRP + 40 + 90 = 180
∴ CB = CA QRP + 130 = 180
x=3 QRP = 50
In △ABC and △RPQ,
12. ∵ △ABC is an equilateral triangle. ACB = RQP = 40
∴ x = 60 CAB = QRP = 50
y = 60 CBA = QPR = 90
∴ △ABC ~ △RPQ (AAA)
13. ∵ △ABC  △ADC
∴ ACB = ACD 18. In △ABC and △DEC,
a = 30 AC 3 1
= =
DC 6 2
BC = DC
AB 4 1
10 = b = =
DE 8 2
i.e. b = 10 CB 5 1
= =
CE 10 2
AC AB CB 1
14. In △ABC and △YZX, = = =
DC DE CE 2
ACB = YXZ = 60 ∴ △ABC ~ △DEC (3 sides proportional)
AC = YX = 3
CB = XZ = 8 19. (a) In △RSQ and △SPQ,
∴ △ABC  △YZX (SAS) QRS = QSP
QR 7.5 5
= =
15. (a) In △AMB and △AMC, QS 6 4
AB = AC RS 7.5 5
= =
SP 6 4
AM = AM
QR RS 5
BMA = CMA = 90 = =
QS SP 4
∴ △AMB  △AMC (RHS) ∴ △RSQ ~ △SPQ (ratio of 2 sides, inc.)
(b) ∵ △AMC  △AMB (b) ∵ △RSQ ~ △SPQ
∴ CM = BM QS QR
∴ =
x=2 QP QS
6 5
=
16. ∵ △ABE ~ △DCE x 4
x = 4.8
∴ ABE = DCE
40 = x
i.e. x = 40
BAE = CDE
y = 20

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 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 115

20. By Pythagoras’ theorem, Instant Drill 2 (P.10.16)

BC2 + AC2 = AB2 ∵ PM = QM

BC = AB 2 − AC 2 ∴ OMQ = 90

x = 13 2 − 52 a = OMQ + OQM

= 12 = 90 + 40
= 130

21. 202 + 152 = 625

252 = 625 Instant Drill 3 (P.10.16)

∵ 202 + 152 = 252 BM = AB − AM = (8 − 4) cm = 4 cm

∴  = 90 ∵ AM = BM and CD ⊥ AB.

∴ CD is the perpendicular bisector of AB.

22. ONM + 45 + 90 = 180 ∴ CD passes through the centre, i.e. CD is a diameter.
1
ONM + 135 = 180 Radius = CD
2
ONM = 45 1
=  12 cm
∵ OMN = ONM = 45 2
∴ p = ON = 6 cm

= 2
By Pythagoras’ theorem, Instant Drill 4 (P.10.17)

MN2 = OM2 + ON2 Let O be the centre of the tunnel and C be a point on AB
such that XOC ⊥ AB.
MN = OM 2 + ON 2
q= p 2 + ( 2 )2

= ( 2 )2 + 2
=2

Instant Drill 1 (P.10.15) Let r m be the radius of the tunnel.

∵ OK ⊥ XY ∵ XC ⊥ AB
∴ XK = YK 1
∴ AC = AB
1 2
XK = XY 1
2 =  12 m
1 2
=  24 cm
2 =6m
= 12 cm OC = XC − OX = (12 − r) m
In △OXK, by Pythagoras’ theorem, In △OAC, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
2 2 2
OX = OK + XK OA2 = AC2 + OC2
OX = OK 2 + XK 2 r2 = 62 + (12 − r)2
= 52 + 12 2 cm r2 = 36 + 144 − 24r + r2
= 13 cm 24r = 180
r = 7.5
Diameter = 2r m
= 2  7.5 m
= 15 m

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116 Solutions

Instant Drill 5 (P.10.20) (b) Join OA.

(a) ∵ ON ⊥ BC
1
∴ CN = BC
2
1
=  16 cm
2
= 8 cm
In △OCN, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
ON2 + CN2 = OC2 OA = OQ = 39 cm

ON = OC 2 − CN 2 In △OMA, by Pythagoras’ theorem,

OM2 + AM2 = OA2
= 10 2 − 82 cm
= 6 cm AM = OA 2 − OM 2
(b) ∵ AB = BC = 39 2 − 15 2 cm
∴ OM = ON = 36 cm
= 6 cm ∵ OM ⊥ AB
∴ AM = BM
Instant Drill 6 (P.10.21) AB = 2AM
∵ ON = OM = 2  36 cm
∴ CD = AB = 12 cm = 72 cm
∴ PC = DC − DP
= (12 − 9) cm Instant Drill 8 (P.10.31)
1
= 3 cm YXZ = YOZ
2
1
=  40
Instant Drill 7 (P.10.22) 2
1 = 20
(a) OQ = PQ
2
1
= (PR + RQ) Instant Drill 9 (P.10.32)
2
1 1
= (64 + 14) cm ACB = AOB
2 2
1
= 39 cm =  110
2
OR = OQ − RQ = (39 − 14) cm = 25 cm
= 55
ON = OM = 15 cm
OCB = OCA + ACB
In △ORN, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
= 15 + 55
ON2 + RN2 = OR2
= 70
RN = OR 2 − ON 2 ∵ OB = OC
= 25 2 − 15 2 cm ∴ OBC = OCB
= 20 cm  = 70
∵ ON ⊥ TR
∴ TN = RN
TR = 2RN
= 2  20 cm
= 40 cm

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 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 117

Instant Drill 10 (P.10.33) Instant Drill 13 (P.10.37)

ACB = 90 BAC = BDC = 44
In △ABC, ∵ BA // CD
∵ AC = BC ∴ ABD = BDC = 44
∴ CAB = CBA In △ABE,
CAB + CBA + ACB = 180  = BAC + ABD
2CAB + 90 = 180 = 44 + 44
2CAB = 90 = 88
CAB = 45
In △ACD, Instant Drill 14 (P.10.38)
CDB = ACD + CAB (a) Join CD.
 = 15 + 45
= 60

Instant Drill 11 (P.10.34)

ABC = 45 + 45
= 90
∴ The straight line joining the points A and C is a 50 + BDC = 90
diameter of the circle. BDC = 40
BAC = BDC
Instant Drill 12 (P.10.34) = 40
ACB = 90 (b) In △ADB,
∴ OEB = ACB = 90 ∵ AD = DB
∴ OD // AC ∴ DAB = ABD
∴ EOB =  ABD + DAB + 50 = 180
1 2DAB = 130
BCD = EOB
2
DAB = 65
1
=  DAC + BAC = 65
2
∵ AB // CD DAC + 40 = 65
∴ BAC + ACD = 180 DAC = 25
1 ∵ DAC  BAC
 + 90 +  = 180
2 ∴ AC does not bisect BAD.
3
 = 90
2
Instant Drill 15 (P.10.47)
 = 60
∵ PA = PB
∴ AOP = POB = x
AOP + POB = 180
2x = 180
x = 90

© Oxford University Press 2014

118 Solutions

Instant Drill 16 (P.10.47) In △ACD,

(a) ∵
 
BC = CA CAD + 10 + 20 + ACD = 180

∴ BOC = AOC = 124 CAD + 10 + 20 + 90 = 180

AOB + BOC + AOC = 360 CAD + 120 = 180

AOB + 124 + 124 = 360 CAD = 60

AOB = 112 ∴
  
AB : BC : CD
In △OAB, = ADB : BDC : CAD
∵ OB = OA = 20 : 10 : 60
∴ OBA = OAB = x =2:1:6
OAB + OBA + AOB = 180
x + x + 112 = 180 Instant Drill Corner 10.1 (P.10.11)
2x = 68 1. Part of a circle Term
x = 34 (a) OD radius
  (b) AC diameter
(b) ∵ AC = BC

∴ AC = BC (c)

BC minor arc

(c) ∵
= 6 cm
AOB  AOC
(d)
(e)

APC
APD
semi-circle
major arc

∴
 
AB and AC are not equal arcs. (f) Region APB minor segment
(g) Region AQB major segment
(h) Region OAQD minor sector
Instant Drill 17 (P.10.50)
Let QOR = x.
2. The blue and the green circles are concentric circles.
QOR + POR + QOP = 360
x + 90 + QOP = 360
3. The green circle is the inscribed circle of the triangle.
QOP = 270 − x

∵
 
PQ : PR = QOP : POR
4. The blue circle is the circumscribed circle of the
25 270  − x
∴ = triangle.
15 90
150 = 270 − x
5. It is a true sentence.
x = 120
∴ QOR = 120
6. It is a false sentence.

Instant Drill 18 (P.10.51)

Join AC. 7. It is a true sentence.

8. It is a true sentence.

Instant Drill Corner 10.2 (P.10.14)

∵ AOD is a diameter. 1. ∵ OC ⊥ AB
∴ BC = AC
∴ ACD = 90
x=5

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 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 119

2. ∵ AC = BC 3. ∵ CD is the perpendicular bisector of AB.

∴ OC ⊥ AB ∴ CD passes through the centre, i.e. CD is a
i.e. y = 90 diameter.
1
Radius = CD
3. ∵ CD is the perpendicular bisector of AB. 2
1
∴ CD passes through the centre, i.e. CD is a r = (6 + 4)
2
diameter. =5
CD = 2  3 cm
z=6 4. ∵ OH ⊥ AB
∴ AH = BH
Instant Drill Corner 10.3 (P.10.19) AB = 2AH
1. ∵ RS = PQ = 2  6 cm
∴ OB = OA = 12 cm
a=2 ∵ BC = AB
∴ OG = OH
2. ∵ OB = OA = 8 cm
∴ RS = PQ
b = 10 5. ∵ OG ⊥ CD
∴ CG = DG
Instant Drill Corner 10.4 (P.10.24) CD = 2CG
1. ∵ OM ⊥ AB = 2  7 cm
∴ AM = BM = 14 cm
1 ∵ OH = OG
= AB
2
∴ AB = CD
1
=  30 cm
2 = 14 cm
= 15 cm
In △OMA, by Pythagoras’ theorem, Instant Drill Corner 10.5 (P.10.38)
2
OM + AM = OA 2 2 1
1. BAC = BOC
2
OM = OA 2 − AM 2 1
x =  90
x = 17 2 − 15 2 2
=8 = 45

2. ∵ AM = BM 2. Reflex AOC = 2ABC

∴ OM ⊥ AB = 2  110

i.e. OMB = 90 = 220

In △OBM, ∴ x = 360 − reflex AOC

COB = OMB + OBM = 360 − 220

130 = 90 + y = 140

y = 40

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120 Solutions

3. ADB = 90  
2. AB : DE = AOB : DOE
In △ABD, x 40 
=
DAB + ABD + ADB = 180 3 30 
x + 40 + 20 + 90 = 180 x=4

x = 30
 
CD : DE = COD : DOE
5 y
=
3 30
4. ACD = ABD = 87
y = 50
60 + BDC + ACD = 180
60 + x + 87 = 180
1
x = 33 3. (a) PQR = POR
2
1
=  70
5. In △APB, 2
= 35
DAP = APB + ABP
112 = APB + 32
 
(b) PS : PR = SQP : PQR
APB = 80 24 cm 30

∵ APB  90 PR
 =
35

∴ AB is not a diameter of the circle.


PR = 28 cm

Instant Drill Corner 10.6 (P.10.46) Instant Drill Corner 10.8 (P.10.52)

1. ∵
 
CD = AB
1. ∵ BC = AB
∴ BOC = AOB = 60
∴ x = 40
∵
  
AE = ED = DC

2. ∵
 
QR = PQ
∴ AOE = EOD = DOC
AOE + EOD + DOC + AOB + BOC = 360
∴ x=7
3AOE + 60 + 60 = 360
3AOE = 240
3. ∵ QR = PQ
AOE = 80
∴ y = 50

Instant Drill Corner 10.7 (P.10.49) 2. (a)

 
AB : AC = AOB : AOC
 
1. PR : QS = PQR : QRS
4
=
80
6 AOC
x 60  AOC = 120
=
4 20 
(b) BOC + AOC + AOB = 360
x = 12
BOC + 120 + 80 = 360
BOC = 160
 
BC : AB = BOC : AOB
 160 
BC
=
4 cm 80 

BC = 8 cm

© Oxford University Press 2014

 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 121

 
3. (a) PQR : RS = PTR : RTS
3. In △OAM, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
OM2 + AM2 = OA2
= 30 : 20
=3:2 AM = OA 2 − OM 2
(b) Join OS. = 17 2 − 82 cm
= 15 cm
∵ OM ⊥ AB
∴ AM = BM
AB = 2AM
x = 2  15
= 30
ROS = 2RTS
= 2  20 4. BM = AB − AM
= 40 = (26 − 13) cm
∵ QR = RS = 13 cm
∴ QOR = ROS ∵ AM = BM
x = 40 ∴ OM ⊥ AB
i.e. x = 90
4. (a) BAP = 90
In △ABP, 5. ∵ AE = BE
ABP + BAP + APB = 180 ∴ OF ⊥ AB
ABP + 90 + 36 = 180 i.e. z = 90
ABP = 54

(b)
 
AP : BC = ABP : BPC
6. ∵ AM = BM

= 54 : 24 ∴ OM ⊥ AB

=9:4 i.e. OMB = 90

In △OMB,

Exercise 10A (P.10.25) MBO + BOM + OMB = 180

1. ∵ ON ⊥ AB y + 65 + 90 = 180

∴ BN = AN y = 25

x=9
7. ∵ PQ is the perpendicular bisector of RS.

2. ∵ OM ⊥ AB ∴ PQ passes through the centre, i.e. PQ is a

∴ AM = BM diameter.
1 1
AM = AB Radius = PQ
2 2
1
1
y =  12 =  20 cm
2 2
=6 = 10 cm

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122 Solutions

8. In △PST, 13. ∵ ON ⊥ RS
PTS + 30 + 60 = 180 ∴ RN = SN = 9 cm
PTS = 90 RS = 2RN
∴ PQ is the perpendicular bisector of RS. = 2  9 cm
∴ PQ passes through the centre, i.e. PQ is a = 18 cm
diameter. ∵ OM = ON
1 ∴ PQ = RS = 18 cm
Radius = PQ
2 ∵ OM ⊥ PQ
1
=  32 cm ∴ PM = MQ
2
= 16 cm 1
= PQ
2
1
9. ∵ PQ = AB =  18 cm
2
∴ ON = OM = 9 cm
= 3 cm Join OT.

10. ∵ CD = AB
∴ ON = OM = 3 cm
MN = OM + ON = (3 + 3) cm = 6 cm
∴ The distance between AB and CD is 6 cm.

11. (a) ∵ CD = AB
∴ ON = OM = 12 cm In △OTM and △OTN,
AN = AO + ON OT = OT
= (15 + 12) cm OM = ON
= 27 cm OMT = ONT = 90
(b) OD = OA = 15 cm ∴ △OTM  △OTN (RHS)
In △ODN, by Pythagoras’ theorem, ∴ MT = NT
2
ON + DN = OD2 2
ST = NT − NS
DN = OD 2 − ON 2 = MT − NS

= 15 2 − 12 2 cm = PT − PM − NS

= 9 cm = (20 − 9 − 9) cm
= 2 cm

12. ∵ OM = ON
∴ AB = PQ 14. ∵ OM = ON

∵ ON ⊥ PQ ∴ AB = AC

∴ PN = NQ ∴ ABC = ACB

AB = PQ = 50

= 2PN
= 2  5 cm
= 10 cm

© Oxford University Press 2014

 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 123

15. (a) ∵ OT ⊥ PQ In △ODE, by Pythagoras’ theorem,

∴ QT = PT OD2 = OE2 + DE2
1
= PQ OD = OE 2 + DE 2
2
1 = 4.52 + 6 2 cm
=  16 cm
2 = 7.5 cm
= 8 cm (b) OA = OD = 7.5 cm
In △OTQ, by Pythagoras’ theorem, In △OAM, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
OT2 + QT2 = OQ2 OM2 + AM2 = OA2
OT = OQ 2 − QT 2 OM = OA 2 − AM 2
= 10 2 − 82 cm = 7.52 − 32 cm
= 6 cm = 6.9 cm, cor. to 1 d.p.
(b) ST = OS − OT
= (10 − 6) cm 18. (a) ∵ RN = NS
= 4 cm ∴ ON ⊥ RS
i.e. ONR = 90
16. (a) ∵ AM = MB (b) In △ONR, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
∴ OM ⊥ AB ON2 + RN2 = OR2
i.e. OMA = 90 ON = OR 2 − RN 2
∴ △OAM is a right-angled triangle.
= 25 2 − 15 2 cm
(b) In △OAM, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
= 20 cm
OM2 + AM2 = OA2
RS = RN + NS
OM = OA − AM 2 2
= (15 + 15) cm
= 26 − 24 cm
2 2
= 30 cm
= 10 cm ∵ PQ = RS
CM = CO + OM ∴ OM = ON
= (26 + 10) cm = 20 cm
= 36 cm
19. (a) CN = DN
17. (a) ∵ OM ⊥ AB 1
= CD
∴ BM = AM = 3 cm 2
1
AB = 2AM =  4 cm
2
= 2  3 cm = 2 cm
= 6 cm ∵ CN = DN
DE = AB = 6 cm ∴ ON ⊥ CD
∵ CE = DE In △OCN, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
∴ OE ⊥ CD ON2 + CN2 = OC2
i.e. OED = 90 ON = OC 2 − CN 2
= 32 − 2 2 cm
= 5 cm

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124 Solutions

(b) ∵ OM = ON = 5 cm (b) NP = OP − ON
∴ AB = CD = (17 − 15) cm
= 4 cm = 2 cm

20. (a) ∵ ON = OM 22.

∴ QR = CD = 10 cm
∵ ON ⊥ QR
1 1
∴ NR = QN = QR =  10 cm = 5 cm
2 2
NS = NR + RS
= (5 + 3) cm
(a) Draw OM ⊥ PQ. Join OP.
= 8 cm
∵ OM ⊥ PQ
(b) ∵ ON ⊥ PS
∴ PM = QM
∴ PN = NS = 8 cm
1
= PQ
AN = AP + PN 2
= (4 + 8) cm 1
=  12 cm
2
= 12 cm
= 6 cm
In △OMP, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
21. (a) Since PQ is the perpendicular bisector of AB, PQ
OP2 = OM2 + PM2
passes through the centre of the circle.
34 OP = OM 2 + PM 2
Radius = cm = 17 cm
2 = 2.52 + 6 2 cm
Let O be the centre of the circle. Then join OA. = 6.5 cm
∴ The radius of the circle is 6.5 cm.
(b) Produce OM to meet RS at N. Join OR.
∵ RS // PQ
∴ MNS = OMQ = 90
∴ RN = SN
1
= RS
2
1
AN = BN =
1 1
AB =  16 cm = 8 cm =  5 cm
2 2 2
In △OAN, by Pythagoras’ theorem, = 2.5 cm
OR = OP = 6.5 cm
ON2 + AN2 = OA2
In △ONR, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
ON = OA 2 − AN 2
ON2 + RN2 = OR2
= 17 2 − 8 2 cm
ON = OR 2 − RN 2
= 15 cm
∴ The distance from the centre to AB is 15 cm. = 6.52 − 2.52 cm
= 6 cm

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 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 125

MN = ON − OM Let r cm be the radius of the circle.

= (6 − 2.5) cm In △OAE, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
= 3.5 cm OE2 + AE2 = OA2
∴ The distance between PQ and RS is 3.5 cm. (24 − r)2 + 122 = r2
576 − 48r + r2 +144 = r2
23. ∵ OC ⊥ AB 48r = 720
∴ AD = BD r = 15
1 ∴ The radius of the circle is 15 cm.
= AB
2
(b) OE = DE − OD
1
=  9 cm = (24 − 15) cm
2
= 4.5 cm = 9 cm
Let r cm be the radius of the compact disc. ∴ It is possible to have a circle passing through
In △AOD, by Pythagoras’ theorem, E with centre O and radius 9 cm.
AD2 + OD2 = OA2
4.52 + (r − 2)2 = r2 Exercise 10B (P.10.39)
20.25 + r − 4r + 4 = r
2 2 1. Reflex AOC = 2ABC
4r = 24.25 x = 2  100
r = 6.062 5 = 200
∴ Diameter of the compact disc
= 2r cm 1
2. CBD = COD
= 2  6.062 5 cm 2
1
= 12.1 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig. =  140
2
= 70
24. (a) Since CD is the perpendicular bisector of AB, CD
ABD + CBD = 180
passes through the centre of the circle.
a + 70 = 180
∴ O lies on CD.
a = 110
Join OA.

3. EOD = 2ECD
= 2  36
= 72
b = EOD
= 72

4. ABC = 90
∵ OE ⊥ AB
In △ABC,
∴ AE = BE
BAC + ABC + ACB = 180
1
= AB y + 90 + 20 = 180
2
1 y = 70
=  24 cm
2
= 12 cm

© Oxford University Press 2014

126 Solutions

5. ∵ AB = BC 12. AOC = 2ABC

∴ BAC = c = 2(2x − 65)
ABC = 90 AOC + reflex AOC = 360
In △ABC, 2(2x − 65) + 3x = 360
BAC + ABC + ACB = 180 4x − 130 + 3x = 360
c + 90 + c = 180 7x = 490
2c = 90 x = 70
c = 45
1
13. ACB = AOB
2
6. ACB = 90
1
In △ABC, =  60
2
BAC + ABC + ACB = 180 = 30
25 + d + 30 + 90 = 180 In △BCX，
d = 35 AXB = OBC + ACB
= 55 + 30
7. z = ABD = 85
= 95 In △OAX,
OAC + AOB = AXB
8. CDB = CAB = 42 OAC + 60 = 85
ABD + CDB = 90 OAC = 25
e + 42 = 90
e = 48 14. DOB = 2DEB
= 2  29
9. 70 + DAC + 60 = 180 = 58
DAC = 50 ∵ CA // DO
f = DAC = 50 ∴ x = DOB
= 58
10. XZY + 75 + 25 = 180
XZY = 80 15. ∵ DC // AB
∵ XZY  90 ∴ ABD = CDB = 20
∴ XY is not a diameter of the circle. BDA = 90
In △ABD,
11. ∵ ZW = ZY ABD + BDA + DAB = 180
∴ ZWY = ZYW = 35 20 + 90 + DAB = 180
XWY = XWZ + ZWY DAB = 70
= 55 + 35
= 90 16. (a) TPR = 90
∴ XY is a diameter of the circle. In △PTR,
TPR + PTR + PRT = 180
90 + 65 + x = 180
x = 25

© Oxford University Press 2014

 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 127

(b) In △QSR, 20. In △ABC,

y = QSR + PRT ∵ AB = AC
= 90 + 25 ∴ ABC = ACB
= 115 ACB + ABC + CAB = 180
2ACB + 38 = 180
17. (a) AFB = AEB = 56 2ACB = 142
∵ AB = AF ACB = 71
∴ FBA = AFB BCD = 90
= 56 ACD = BCD − ACB
(b) In △ABF, = 90 − 71
ABF + AFB + FAB = 180 = 19
56 + 56 + FAB = 180
FAB = 68 21. Let PAB = x.
∵ PQ = PA
18. (a) (i) ∵ AB // CD ∴ PQB = PAB = x
∴ DCE = ABE = x ∵ BP = BQ
BAE = DCE ∴ QPB = PQB = x
=x APB = 90
(ii) ∵ BAE = ABE = x In △APQ,
∴ AE = EB PAB + APQ + PQB = 180
∴ △ABE is an isosceles triangle. x + 90 + x + x = 180
(b) In △ABE, 3x = 90
EAB + ABE = BED x = 30
x + x = 68 ∴ PAB = 30
x = 34
22. BCA = BDA = 40
19. COA = 2CDA In △ABC,
= 2  26 ABC + BCA + BAC = 180
= 52 50 + 40 + BAC = 180
∵ CD // AB BAC = 90
∴ OCD = COA = 52 ∴ BC is a diameter of the circle ABCD.
In △CDE,
DEO = ECD + CDE 23. ABC = 90
= 52 + 26 DBA + DBC = ABC
= 78 50 + DBC = 90
DBC = 40
ACB = ADB = 60
In △BCE,
x = DBC + ACB
= 40 + 60
= 100

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128 Solutions

24. (a) In △ACP, 26. Join AC.

ACB = APB + CAP
= 35 + 30
= 65
ADB = ACB = 65
Let E be the point of intersection of AC and BD.

ACD = ABD = 70

ACB + ACD = BCD
ACB + 70 = 100
ACB = 30
In △ADE, ADB = ACB
AED + EAD + ADE = 180 x = 30
AED + 65 + 30 = 180
AED = 85 27. In △ADC,
∴ AC and BD are not perpendicular to each ∵ AD = AC
other. ∴ ADC = ACD = 67
(b) ADC = 90 DAC + ADC + ACD = 180
ADB + BDC = ADC DAC + 67 + 67 = 180
65 + BDC = 90 DAC = 46
BDC = 25 DBC = DAC = 46
∵ AD // BC
25. (a) ∵ AB // DC ∴ ADB = DBC = 46
∴ ACD = BAC BDC = ADC − ADB
= 20 = 67 − 46
AOD = 2ACD = 21
= 2  20
= 40
(b) Reflex BOD = AOB + AOD
x = 180 + 40
= 220
∵ AB // DC
∴ CDO = AOD
y = 40

© Oxford University Press 2014

 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 129

28. Join AC. 30. (a) (i) △ABE ~ △DCE (AAA)

(or △ADE ~ △BCE (AAA))
(ii) ∵ △ABE ~ △DCE
BE AE
∴ =
CE DE
BE 16 cm
DAC = CBD = 24 =
30 cm 40 cm
CAB = 90 BE = 12 cm
In △DAB, (b) AB2 = 202 cm2 = 400 cm2
∵ AB = AD AE2 + BE2 = (162 + 122) cm2 = 400 cm2
∴ ABD = ADB ∵ AE2 + BE2 = AB2
ADB + ABD + DAC + CAB = 180 ∴ AEB = 90
2ADB + 24 + 90 = 180 i.e. AE ⊥ BC
2ADB = 66 ∴ △ADE is a right-angled triangle.
ADB = 33
BDC = 90 Exercise 10C (P.10.52)
∴ ADC = ADB + BDC
1. ∵
 
AB = AC
= 33 + 90 ∴ AOC = y
= 123 AOC + AOB + BOC = 360
y + y + 80 = 360
29. In △OQR,
2y = 280
∵ OQ = OR
y = 140
∴ RQO = QRO = 50
POR = QRO + RQO
2. ∵
 
PS = PQ
= 50 + 50
∴ PRS = PRQ = 28
= 100
PSR = 90
POR + reflex POR = 360
In △PRS,
100 + reflex POR = 360
SPR + PSR + PRS = 180
reflex POR = 260
1 a + 90 + 28 = 180
PSR =  reflex POR
2 a = 62
1
x =  260
2 3. ∵ RS = PQ
= 130
∴ ROS = POQ = 65
PRQ = 90
POQ + QOR + ROS = 180
∴ PRO + QRO = 90
65 + c + 65 = 180
PRO + 50 = 90
c = 50
PRO = 40
∵ PS // OR
∴ x + y + PRO = 180
130 + y + 40 = 180
y = 10

© Oxford University Press 2014

130 Solutions

4. ∵ EA = AB = BC = CD = DE  
8. BAC : ACD = BC : AD
∴ AOE = AOB = BOC = COD = x a 6
=
AOB + BOC + COD + x + AOE = 360 28  2
x + x + x + x + x = 360 a = 84

x = 72
In △OCD,
∵ OC = OD
9. SQR = 90

SRT : SQR = ST : STR

x 2
∴ OCD = y =
90  2 + 3
ODC + OCD + COD = 180
x = 36
y + y + 72 = 180  
QS : ST = QRS : SRT
2y = 108
y 72 
y = 54 =
2 x
y 72 
=
5. ∵ AB = BC = CD 2 36 

∴
  
AB = BC = CD
y=4

  
1
CD = ( AB+ BC )
2
1
x =  24
10. ∵

∴
 
POR = QOS

PQR = QRS
2
= 12
   
PQ + QR = QR + RS
 
 
6. BC : AB = BOC : AOB
PQ = RS
= 6 cm
x 100 
=
2 20 
11. ∵ AB = CD
x = 10
 
DOE : AOB = DE : AB
∴ AOB = COD
AOB + COD + AOC + BOD = 360
y 5
= 2AOB + 45 + 125 = 360
20  2
y = 50 2AOB = 190

 
7. AC : ABC = AOC : reflex AOC
AOB = 95

 12. ∵ AB = BC = CD = DE
AC
=
120     
AB = BC = CD = DE =  cm
(2 + 8) cm 360  − 120  ∴
 120 Perimeter of the semi-circle
AC =
240
 10 cm    
= AB + BC + CD + DE + AO + OE
= 5 cm
= ( +  +  +  + 4 + 4) cm
 
AC : AB = AOC : AOB = (4 + 8) cm
5 120 
=
2 x
x = 48

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 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 131

13. (a)
 
AB : BC = AOB : BOC
(b) In △OCD,
3 cm 60  ∵ OC = OD

BC
=
120  ∴ OCD = ODC

BC =
120
 3 cm
OCD + ODC + COD = 180
60 2OCD + 116 = 180
= 6 cm
2OCD = 64
∴ The statement is correct.
OCD = 32
(b) ∵ AB : BC  AOB : BOC
AB 60 
∴  15. ABC = 90
BC 120 
In △ABC,
1
AB  BC
2 CAB + ABC + ACB = 180
∴ If AB = 3 cm, then BC  6 cm. 63 + 90 + ACB = 180
∴ The statement is not correct. ACB = 27
(c) In △OAB,  
AB : BC = ACB : CAB
∵ OA = OB = 27 : 63
∴ OAB = OBA =3:7
OAB + OBA + AOB = 180
2OBA + 60 = 180 16. ∵ BD = AC
2OBA = 120 ∴ BAD = ABC = x
OBA = 60 AEB = CED = 116
In △OBC, In △ABE,
∵ OB = OC
ABE + BAD + AEB = 180
∴ OBC = OCB 2x + 116 = 180
OBC + OCB + BOC = 180 2x = 64
2OBC + 120 = 180 x = 32
2OBC = 60
OBC = 30
17. (a) ∵
 
BC = CD
OBC : OBA = 30 : 60
∴ BDC = CAD
=1:2
ACD = 90
∴ The statement is correct.
In △ACD,
BDC + ADB + CAD + ACD = 180
14. (a) AOB + 122 = 180
2BDC + 24 + 90 = 180
AOB = 58
 
COD : AOB = CD : AB
2BDC = 66
BDC = 33
COD 6
= (b) CAD = BDC = 33
58  3
∵ ADB  CAD
COD = 116
∴
 
AB and CD are not equal arcs.

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132 Solutions

18. (a) ∵ BC = AB 2
∴ AOC = 90 
∴ BOC = AOB = 120 2 +1
= 60
AOB + BOC + AOC = 360
In △OAC,
120 + 120 + AOC = 360
∵ OA = OC
AOC = 120
∴ OAE = OCE
(b) ∵ AOC = AOB = 120
AOC + OAE + OCE = 180
∴ AC = AB = 10 cm
60 + 2OAE = 180
Perimeter of △ABC
2OAE = 120
= AB + BC + AC
OAE = 60
= (10 + 10 + 10) cm
(b) Similarly, ODE = 60.
= 30 cm
In quadrilateral OAED,

19. (a)
 
BCA = CAD
AED + OAE + AOD + ODE = 360
AED + 60 + 90 + 60 = 360
   
BC + CA = CA + AD AED = 150
 
BC = AD  
(c) ∵ BD = AC
∴ EDB = DBE ∴ BD = AC
In △BED,
= 7 cm
DEB + EDB + DBE = 180
74 + 2DBE = 180 21. In △BOC,
2DBE = 106 ∵ OC = OB
DBE = 53 ∴ OCB = OBC = 42
(b) ∵ DBE = EDB
OCB + OBC + BOC = 180

∵
 
∴ EB = ED

BCA = CAD
42 + 42 + BOC = 180
BOC = 96
∴ AB = CD AOB + BOC = 180
AE + EB = CE + ED AOB + 96 = 180
AE + EB = CE + EB AOB = 84
AE = CE  
AB : BC = AOB : BOC
= 5 cm = 84 : 96
=7:8
20. (a) Join OC.

22. (a) In △AOB,

∵ OB = OA
∴ OBA = OAB = 50
AOB + OAB + OBA = 180
AOB + 50 + 50 = 180
AOB = 80
 
AOC : COD = AC : CD
=2:1

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 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 133

 
(b) AOC : BOC = AC : CB
 
AB : BC = AOB : BOC
=1:3 
AB 40 
3 =
∴ BOC = AOB  8 cm 80 
1+ 3 
AB = 4 cm
3
= 80  (b) AOD + AOB = 180
4
= 60 AOD + 40 = 180
AOD = 140
23. Join AB.  
AB : AD = AOB : AOD
4 cm 40 

AD
=
140 

AD = 14 cm

25. (a)
 
AD : EB = ACD : BCE
2 ACD
=
AOD + AOB = 180 3 42 
AOD + 70 = 180 ACD = 28
AOD = 110 (b) ACB = 90
1 ACD + DCE + BCE = ACB
ABD = AOD
2 28 + DCE + 42 = 90
1
=  110 DCE = 20
2
= 55 (c)
 
AD : DE = ACD : DCE
 
AD : BC = ABD : BDC
= 28 : 20
5 55 =7:5
=
6 BDC
BDC = 66 26. (a) CAB = 90
In △ABC,
24. (a) In △BOC, ACB + CAB + ABC = 180
∵ OC = OB ACB + 90 + 36 = 180
∴ OCB = OBC = 50 ACB = 54
BOC + OCB + OBC = 180 (b) ∵ AB // CD
BOC + 50 + 50 = 180 ∴ BCD = ABC = 36
BOC = 80  
AB : BD = ACB : BCD
In △AOB,
= 54 : 36
∵ OB = OA =3:2
∴ OBA = OAB = 70
AOB + OBA + OAB = 180
AOB + 70 + 70 = 180
AOB = 40

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134 Solutions

27. (a) (i) ∵ PR = SQ  

BAP : CAP = BP : PC
∴ ROP = QOS 1
=
ROP + ROQ + QOS + POS = 360 3
3
2QOS + 72 + 24 = 360 ∴ CAP = CAB 
1+ 3
2QOS = 264 3
= 60 
QOS = 132 4
1 = 45
(ii) PRQ = POQ
2 (ii) In △AQC,
1
= (24 + 132) AQC + CAP + ACB = 180
2
= 78 AQC + 45 + 40 = 180

(b) (i)
 
RQ : PS = ROQ : POS
AQC = 95


RQ 72 
∵ AQC  90
= ∴ AP and BC are not perpendicular to
2 cm 24 

RQ = 6 cm
each other.

(ii) ROP = QOS = 132 Supplementary Exercise 10 (P.10.59)

 
PR : PS = ROP : POS 1. (a) ∵ AD // BC
 132 
PR ∴ ACB = CAD
=
2 cm 24  = 50

PR = 11 cm
(b) ∵ ABC = ACB = 50
∴ AB = AC
  
28. (a) ACB : CAB : ABC = AB : BC : AC
∴ △ABC is an isosceles triangle.

=2:3:4
2. (a) (i) In △ABE and △CDE,
In △ABC,
AEB = CED vert. opp. s
ACB + CAB + ABC = 180
BAE = DCE given
2
∴ ACB = 180  ABE + BAE +
2+3+ 4  sum of △
AEB = 180
= 40
ABE = 180 − BAE −
(b) (i)
  
P is a point on BC such that BP : PC = 1 : 3. AEB
Join AP. Suppose AP and BC intersect at Q. CDE + DCE +
CED = 180  sum of △
CDE = 180 − DCE −
CED
∴ ABE = CDE
∴ △ABE ~ △CDE AAA
(ii) ∵ △ABE ~ △CDE
AE AB
∴ =
CE CD
3
CAB = ACB AE 16 cm
2 =
9 cm 12 cm
3
=  40 AE = 12 cm
2
= 60

© Oxford University Press 2014

 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 135

(b) AC2 = 152 cm2 = 225 cm2 ∵ ON ⊥ CD

AE2 + CE2 = (122 + 92) cm2 = 225 cm2 ∴ CN = DN = 21 cm
∵ AE + CE = AC
2 2 2
CD = CN + DN
∴ AEC = 90 = ( 21 + 21 ) cm
∴ AD and BC are perpendicular to each other. = 2 21 cm

1 5. AM2 + BM2 = (82 + 62) cm2 = 100 cm2

3. ∵ PN = PQ
2
AB2 = 102 cm2 = 100 cm2
∴ PN = QN
∵ AM2 + BM2 = AB2
∴ OM ⊥ PQ
∴ AMB = 90
i.e. ONQ = 90
∴ AM ⊥ CB
In △NOQ,
∵ AD is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
ONQ + OQN + NOQ = 180
∴ AD passes through the centre of the circle.
90 + 40 + NOQ = 180
∴ AD is a diameter of the circle.
NOQ = 50

6. ∵ AB = CD
4. With the notations in the figure,
∴ OM = ON
∴ OMN = ONM
In △MON,
OMN + ONM + MON = 180
2OMN + 130 = 180
2OMN = 50
OMN = 25
∵ OM ⊥ AB
AMO + OMN + BMN = 180
∴ AM = MB
1 90 + 25 + BMN = 180
= AB
2 BMN = 65
1
=  8 cm
2
7. ∵ OM = ON
= 4 cm
∴ AB = AC
In △OAM, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
∴ ABC = ACB
OA2 = OM2 + AM2
In △ABC,
OA = OM 2 + AM 2
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180
= 32 + 4 2 cm 2ABC + 70 = 180
= 5 cm
2ABC = 110
OD = OA = 5 cm
ABC = 55
In △ODN, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
ON2 + DN2 = OD2
DN = OD 2 − ON 2
= 52 − 2 2 cm
= 21 cm

© Oxford University Press 2014

136 Solutions

8. In △ABC,
12. (a) ∵
 
AD = BC
ABC + BAC + BCA = 180 ∴ AD = BC = 6 cm
ABC + 32 + 45 = 180 1
(b) BDC = BOC
ABC = 103 2
1
Reflex AOC = 2ABC =  58
2
= 2  103 = 29
= 206
∵
 
AD = BC
AOC + reflex AOC = 360
∴ ABD = BDC
AOC + 206 = 360
= 29
AOC = 154

13. Join PS.

9. In △BDP,
ADB = BPD + DBP
= 42 + 18
= 60
ACB = ADB = 60
x = DBC + ACB
= 18 + 60
= 78
∵
 
RS = PQ

10. DBC = 90 ∴ RPS = PRQ = 40

In △BCD, ROS = 2RPS

BDC + DBC + BCD = 180 = 2  40

BDC + 90 + 54 = 180 = 80

BDC = 36 POS + ROS = 180

∵ AB // CD POS + 80 = 180

∴ ABD = BDC POS = 100

= 36

11. PR2 + QR2 = (122 + 52) cm2 = 169 cm2

PQ2 = (6.5 + 6.5)2 cm2 = 169 cm2
∵ PR2 + QR2 = PQ2
∴ PRQ = 90
∴ PQ is a diameter of circle PQR.
∵ S is the mid-point of PQ.
∴ Point S is the centre of circle PQR.

© Oxford University Press 2014

 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 137

14. Join OA and OB.  

AB : CD = AOB : COD
2 36 
=
6 COD
COD = 108
(b) DOC + COB = 108 + 72
= 180
∴ B, O and D lie on the same straight line.
∵ AB = BC = CD
∴ AOB = BOC = COD = 68 17. In △ACT,

Reflex AOC + AOB + BOC = 360 BAC = ATC + ACT

Reflex AOC + 68 + 68 = 360 = 33 + 12

Reflex AOC = 224 = 45

1 In △ABC,
ABC =  reflex AOC
2 ABC + ACB + BAC = 180
1
=  224 ABC + 75 + 45 = 180
2
= 112 ABC = 60
 
BC : AC = BAC : ABC
15. (a) AOC = 2OBC = 45 : 60
= 2  22 =3:4
= 44
 
AC : CD = AOC : COD 18. (a)
 
SQ = 3 PR
2
=
44  
PR 1
3 COD
COD = 66
 =3
SQ
BOD + COD + AOC = 180
 
PR : SQ = 1 : 3
BOD + 66 + 44 = 180  
PSR : SPQ = PR : SQ = 1 : 3
BOD = 70
(b) PSR : SPQ = 1 : 3
(b) In △OBE,
PSR 1
=
OBE + BEO + BOE = 180 SPQ 3
22 + BEO + 70 = 180 1
PSR = SPQ
BEO = 88 3
PXS = RXQ = 124
CED = BEO
In △PSX,
= 88
SPQ + PSR + PXS = 180

16. (a)
 
AB : BC = AOB : BOC
1
SPQ + SPQ + 124 = 180
3
2 cm 36  4

BC
=
72  3
SPQ = 56


BC = 4 cm
SPQ = 42

© Oxford University Press 2014

138 Solutions

19. Let x cm be the length of OC. By Pythagoras’ theorem,

AC = CB OA2 = AM2 + OM2
1 OA = AM 2 + OM 2
= AB
2
1 = 82 + 6 2 cm
=  24 cm
2 = 10 cm
= 12 cm Diameter of the circle
OA = OD = 2OA
= OC + CD = 2  10 cm
= (x + 6) cm = 20 cm
∵ AC = CB
∴ OD ⊥ AB 21. Join OB and OA.
i.e. OCA = 90
In △AOC, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
OC2 + AC2 = OA2
x2 + 122 = (x + 6)2
x2 + 144 = x2 + 12x + 36
12x = 108
x=9 ∵ N is the mid-point of BC.
∴ The length of OC is 9 cm. ∴ BN = CN
1
= BC
2
20. (a) ∵ OM ⊥ AB 1
=  18 cm
∴ AM = BM 2
AB = AM + BM = 9 cm
= 2(5x − 17) cm and ON ⊥ BC
∵ OM = ON In △OBN, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
∴ AB = CD OB2 = BN2 + ON2
2(5x − 17) = 21 − x OB = BN 2 + ON 2
10x − 34 = 21 − x = 9 2 + 12 2 cm
11x = 55 = 15 cm
x=5 ∵ ON ⊥ BC, i.e. ON ⊥ AD.
(b) Join OA. ∴ AN = DN
1
= AD
2
1
=  32 cm
2
= 16 cm
In △OAN, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
OA2 = AN2 + ON2
In △AOM,
OA = AN 2 + ON 2
AM = (5x − 17) cm
= 16 2 + 12 2 cm
= [5(5) − 17] cm
= 20 cm
= 8 cm

© Oxford University Press 2014

 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 139

Difference between the radii of the two circles 23. With the notations in the figure,
= OA − OB
= (20 − 15) cm
= 5 cm

22. (a) Let r cm be the radius of the cardboard.

OM = CM − OC
= (16 − r) cm
∵ OM ⊥ AM Let r m be the radius of the cross-section of the tunnel.
∴ AM = BM ∵ OX ⊥ AB
1 ∴ AM = BM
= AB
2 1
1 = AB
=  16 cm 2
2 1
= 7m
= 8 cm 2
In △OMA, by Pythagoras’ theorem, = 3.5 m
AM2 + OM2 = OA2 OM = OX − XM = (r − 1.6) m
82 + (16 − r)2 = r2 In △OBM, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
64 + 256 − 32r + r2 = r2 OB2 = OM2 + BM2
32r = 320 r2 = (r − 1.6)2 + 3.52
r = 10 r2 = r2 − 3.2r + 2.56 + 12.25
∴ The radius of the cardboard is 10 cm. 3.2r = 14.81
AM r = 4.628, cor. to 3 d.p.
(b) sin AOM =
OA ∴ Diameter of the cross-section of the tunnel
8
= = 2r m
10
AOM = 53.130, cor. to 5 sig. fig. = 2  4.628 m
AOB = 2AOM = 9.3 m, cor. to 1 d.p.
= 2  53.130
= 106.26, cor. to 5 sig. fig. 24. ADB = 90
Area of the shaded region COB = 2CDB
 106 .26   1  = 2  21
=  ( π)(10 ) − (16 )(16 − 10 ) cm2
2

 360   2  = 42
= 44.7 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. ∵ AD // OC
∴ DAB = COB = 42
In △ABD,
ADB + DAB + DBA = 180
90 + 42 + DBA = 180
DBA = 48

© Oxford University Press 2014

140 Solutions

25. (a) AC2 = 202 cm2 = 400 cm2 Alternative Method

AB2 + BC2 = (162 + 122) cm2 = 400 cm2 Join OC.
∵ AB2 + BC2 = AC2
∴ ABC = 90
∴ AC is a diameter of the circle.
Radius of the circle
1
= AC
2
1
=  20 cm
2
= 10 cm OBC + CBP = 180
(b) Total area of the shaded regions OBC + 120 = 180
1 1  OBC = 60
=  π(10 ) 2 − (16 )(12 ) cm2
 2 2  In △OBC,
2
= 61.1 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig. ∵ OC = OB
∴ OCB = OBC = 60
26. (a) ∵ CE // AB
BOC + OCB = CBP
∴ ECD = BAC = 50 BOC + 60 = 120
DBE = ECD BOC = 60
= 50 1
BAC = BOC
(b) ∵ AD // BO 2
1
∴ COB = ECD = 50 =  60
2
1
CDB = COB = 30
2
1
=  50
2 1
28. (a) (i) PRQ = POQ
= 25 2
1
=  62
2
27. Produce BO to meet the circumference at D, then
= 31
join CD. (ii) In △PRS,
RSO = OPR + PRQ
= 59 + 31
= 90
∴ OP and QR are perpendicular to each
other.
(b) In △PSQ, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
BCD = 90 PQ2 = PS2 + SQ2
In △BDC,
PQ = PS 2 + SQ 2
BCD + BDC = CBP
= 1.2 2 + 2 2 cm
90 + BDC = 120
= 2.33 cm, cor. to 2 d.p.
BDC = 30
BAC = BDC = 30

© Oxford University Press 2014

 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 141

29. Join AC. In △BOC,

∵ OB = OC
∴ OBC = OCB
OBC + OCB + BOC = 180
2OBC + 70 = 180
Let CBD = x. 2OBC = 110
∵ DC = CB OBC = 55
∴ CDB = CBD = x
(c) ∵
 
BC = CD
CAB = CDB = x ∴ BC = CD
ACB = 90 = 8 cm
In △TBD,
TBD + BTC = CDB 31. (a) Let DCB = x.
TBD + 18 = x
∵ D is the mid-point of AB .

TBD = x − 18
∴
 
AD = DB
In △ABC,
∴ ACD = DCB = x
CAB + ABC + ACB = 180
ACB = ACD + DCB = x + x = 2x
x + x + x − 18 + 90 = 180
∵ AB = AC
3x = 108
∴ ABC = ACB = 2x
x = 36
In △QBC,
∴ CBD = 36
CQB + QCB + QBC = 180

30. (a) ∵
 
AB = AD
102 + x + 2x = 180
3x = 78
∴ AOB = AOD
x = 26
AOB + AOD + BOD = 360
∴ DCB = 26
2AOB + 140 = 360
(b) In △ABC,
2AOB = 220
CAB + ABC + ACB = 180
AOB = 110
CAB + 2(26) + 2(26) = 180
(b) Join OC.
CAB = 76
ABC = 2x
= 2(26)
= 52
∵ CAB  ABC

∴
 
CB and AC are not equal arcs.

∵
 
BC = CD
1
∴ BOC = COD 32. (a) ABC = AOC
2
1
= BOD 1
2 =  130
2
1
=  140 = 65
2
= 70

© Oxford University Press 2014

142 Solutions

(b) In △ABC, 34. (a) Let POR = x.

∵ AC = BC ∵ RS = PQ
∴ BAC = ABC = 65 ∴ SOR = POQ
BAC + ABC + BCA = 180 SOQ + 48 = x + 48
65 + 65 + BCA = 180 SOQ = x
BCA = 50 POS : SOQ = PS : QS
 
(c)
 
AB : BC = BCA : BAC POS 12

AB 50 
x
=
7
= 12
5.2 cm 65  POS = x

AB =
50
 5.2 cm
7
POR + POS + SOQ + QOR = 360
65
12
= 4 cm x + x + x + 48 = 360
7
∵ AC = BC 26

∴
 
AC = BC = 5.2 cm
7
x = 312

x = 84
Circumference of the circle
  
= AB + BC + AC
∴ POR = 84
(b) SOQ = x = 84
= (4 + 5.2 + 5.2) cm  
RQ : QS = QOR : SOQ
= 14.4 cm

RQ 48 
  7 cm
=
84 
33. (a) AB : CD = AOB : COD
3 AOB

RQ = 4 cm
=
2 40 
AOB = 60
35. (a) AEC : EAB = AC : EB
 
In △AOB,
15  1
=
∵ OA = OB EAB 4
∴ OAB = ABO EAB = 60
OAB + ABO + AOB = 180 (b) Join CB.
2OAB + 60 = 180
2OAB = 120
OAB = 60
∵ ABO = AOB = 60
∴ AB = OA = 9 cm
(b) AOB + BOC + COD = 180
60 + BOC + 40 = 180 ABC = AEC = 15
BOC = 80 ∵ AB // CD
    ∴ BCD = ABC = 15
AB : BC : CD : DA
= AOB : BOC : COD : AOD
 
EB : BD = EAB : BCD
= 60 : 80 : 40 : 180 = 60 : 15
=3:4:2:9 =4:1

© Oxford University Press 2014

 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 143

36. (a) Join BR and RP. BRQ = BRC + CRQ

= 70 + 19
= 89

37. (a) Join PR.

In △ABC,
BAC + ABC + ACB = 180
BAC + 38 + 72 = 180

 
BAC = 70

BC : BP = BAC : BRP
 
SP : QRS = PRS : QPS
2 70  5 PRS
= =
1 BRP 2+3 70
BRP = 35
(b) Join RA.  
PRS = 70

RS : QRS = RPS : QPS

3 RPS
=
2+3 70
RPS = 42
In △PRS,
PSR + PRS + RPS = 180
PSR + 70 + 42 = 180
 
BR : BA = RAB : ACB
PSR = 68
1 RAB (b) Join QS.
=
2 72 
RAB = 36
RAC = RAB + BAC
= 36 + 70
= 106
(c) Join BR, RC and RQ.
 
QR : QRS = RSQ : QPS
2 RSQ
=
2+3 70 
RSQ = 28
QSP = PSR − RSQ
= 68 − 28
 
QC : AC = CRQ : ABC = 40
1 CRQ
=
 
QR : PQ = RSQ : QSP
2 38
= 28 : 40
CRQ = 19
= 7 : 10
BRC = BAC = 70

© Oxford University Press 2014

144 Solutions

38. (a) △BEC ~ △AED (AAA) 40. C

(or △ABE ~ △DCE (AAA)) I. ∵ ON ⊥ BC
(b) ∵ BD ⊥ AC ∴ BN = CN
∴ ED = BE = x cm ∵ OM ⊥ AB
∵ △BEC ~ △AED ∴ AM = BM
BE EC ∵ OM = ON
∴ =
AE ED ∴ AB = BC
x x+4
= 2BM = 2CN
9 x
x2 = 9x + 36 BM = CN

x2 − 9x − 36 = 0 ∴ I must be true.

(x − 12)(x + 3) = 0 II. We cannot determine whether AC and AB are

x = 12 or −3 (rejected) equal in length.

∴ II may not be true.

39. In △ORS, III. ∵ AB = BC

∵ OS = OR ∴ BAC = BCA

∴ OSR = ORS =  ∴ III must be true.

∴ Only I and III must be true.
POR = ORS + OSR
=+
= 2 41. D
∵ AC = BC
PRS = 90
PRO + ORS = 90 ∴ BAC = ABC = 14

PRO +  = 90 In △ACB,

PRO = 90 −  ACO = BAC + ABC = 14 + 14 = 28

∵ PQ // OR ∵ OC = OD

∴ QPR = PRO = 90 −  ∴ OCD = x

QOR = 2QPR ACD = 90

= 2(90 − ) ACO + OCD = 90

= 180 − 2 28 + x = 90

∵ POR = POQ + QOR x = 62

∴ POR > QOR

2 > 180 − 2 42. B

4 > 180 PQR = 90

 > 45 In △PQR,

∵ PRS = PRO + ORS PQR + QPR + QRP = 180

∴ PRS > ORS 90 + QPR + 65 = 180

90 >  QPR = 25

 < 90
 
PQ : QR = QRP : QPR
∴ 45 <  < 90 13 65 
 = 25 
QR

QR = 5

© Oxford University Press 2014

 Chapter 10: Basic Properties of Circles 145

43. A ∴ △AOB  △AOC (SSS)

∵ OA = OB ∴ III is true.
∴ OAB = OBA = 28 ∴ Only III is true.
In △OAB,
OAB + OBA + AOB = 180 46. (a) BDC = 30, ADB = 60
28 + 28 + AOB = 180 (b) 2 : 1
AOB = 124 (c) 3 :1
1 1
APB = AOB =  124 = 62
2 2
47. 19
In △ABP,
APB + PAB + ABO + PBO = 180
48. 18
62 + 68 + 28 + PBO = 180
PBO = 22
49. (a) △AED ~ △BEC (or △AEB ~ △DEC),
AE = 6 cm
44. B
(b) yes
Let BCD = x.
∵ AB // CD
50. C 51. C 52. C 53. A
∴ ABC = BCD = x
BAD = BCD = x
54. B 55. B 56. B 57. C
In △ABD,
BDA + CBD + ABC + BAD = 180
58. D 59. B 60. C 61. C
61 + 43 + x + x = 180
2x = 76
Unit Test (P.10.70)
x = 38
1. BDC = BAC
∴ BCD = 38
= 25 (1M)
ADC = 90 (1A)
45. A
ADB + BDC = ADC
I. ∵ BOC : AOB  BC : AB
ADB + 25 = 90
BOC 1
∴  ADB = 65
AOB 2
2BOC  AOB ∵ BA = BD

∴ I is not true. ∴ BAD = ADB

II. ∵
 
AC : BC  AC : BC
= 65 (1M)
 2
AC
CAD + BAC = BAD
∴  1 CAD + 25 = 65
BC CAD = 40
 
AC  2 BC
(1A)

∴ II is not true. 2. (a) △ADE ~ △BCE (AAA) (1A)

III. In △AOB and △AOC, (or △ABE ~ △DCE (AAA))
OA = OA
OB = OC
AB = AC

© Oxford University Press 2014

146 Solutions

(b) ∵ △ADE ~ △BCE 4. A

DE AE In △SQR,
∴ =
CE BE ∵ SQ = SR
18 cm 9 cm
= (1M) ∴ SQR = SRQ
36 cm BE
BE = 18 cm (1A) SQR + SRQ + QSR = 180

(c) ∵ BE = DE = 18 cm and AC ⊥ BD. 2SRQ + 48 = 180

∴ AC is a diameter of the circle. (1M) 2SRQ = 132

Diameter = AC SRQ = 66

= AE + CE QPR = QSR = 48

∵ PQ // SR
= (9 + 36) cm
∴ PRS = QPR = 48
= 45 cm (1A)
BD = BE + DE PRQ + PRS = SRQ

= (18 + 18) cm PRQ + 48 = 66

= 36 cm PRQ = 18

∵ BD is shorter than the diameter of the circle.

∴ BD is not a diameter of the circle. (1A) 5. B

∵
  
AC = CD = DE
3. D ∴ AOC = COD = DOE
TRQ = 90 AOC + COD + DOE + BOE = 180
In △RTQ, 3AOC + 48 = 180
RTQ + TRQ + RQT = 180 3AOC = 132
62 + 90 + RQT = 180 AOC = 44
RQT = 28
∵ OS // QR 6. A
∴ OSQ = RQT = 28 1
ACB = AOB
2
In △SOQ,
1
=  90
∵ OQ = OS 2
∴ OQS = OSQ = 28 = 45
In △PQR,  
AB : BC = ACB : CAB
RPQ + OQS = RTQ 3 45 
=
RPQ + 28 = 62 4 CAB
CAB = 60
RPQ = 34
In △ABC,
ABD = ACB + CAB
= 45 + 60
= 105

© Oxford University Press 2014