PREPARED BY

STUDENTS OF MASTER STUDY PROGRAM

HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

Number 9 May 2020

 U ovom broju:

• Health workers (physicians, nurses, dentists, pharmacist) density in Montenegro,

MIRA RADOVIĆ
• E-health in Montenegro,
ANA LASICA
• Role of the patient - centered health technologies in Montenegro,
MILICA MILETIĆ
• Problems caused by temporary measures introduced in Montenegro and the world overall,
NATALIJA DREKALOVIĆ, BOGDAN LABAN
• Covid-19 call center activity report for period 20 March – 18 April 2020,
PROF. DR DRAGAN LAUŠEVIĆ, DR ALEKSANDAR OBRADOVIĆ, DR MARIJA TODOROVIĆ,
MR ENA GRBOVIĆ
• The structure of health system in Montenegro,
ŽELJKO MILIĆ
• Deaths attributable to air pollution in Montenegro,
LUKA MARAŠ
• Unapređenje aplikativnog rješenja eZdravlje uključivanjem stomatološke zdrastvene
djelatnosti,
NATAŠA DEVIĆ
• Ciljevi i metode skrininga u zdravlju,
NATAŠA ŽUGIĆ
• Mental health status in Montenegro,
NINA MILOVIĆ
• Prevencija povreda i nasilja - kratak osvrt,
SVETLANA STOJANOVIĆ
• Prevencija i rehabilitacija kardiovaskularnih bolesti,
TIJANA LUČIĆ

European Commission Erasmus+ Project: | PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja

573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
This project has been funded with support from the | Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
European Commission. | http://www.udg.edu.me
This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
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 Health workers (physicians, nurses, dentists, pharmacists) density
in Montenegro
Mira Radović,
Adviser in the Directorate for public health and programme health
protection, Ministry of Health
student of Master studies in health information management, UDG
ABSTRACT
Vision of Sustainable Development Goal is ensur-
ing healthy lives and promoting the well-being at
all ages is essential to sustainable development.
In accordance to the SDG by focusing on providing
more efficient funding of health systems, increased
access to physicians and physicians status are just
some of the ways to reduce ambient pollution,
significant progress can be made in helping to
save the lives of millions.
Human resources play a central role in the ad-
vancement of the health sector, but in Montene-
grro, as in many countries, there is a shortage of
medical staff in certain branches of medicine and
inadequate geographical distribution.
Strategic activities must be undertaken in the fu-
ture period, primarily financial support for health
care personnel in order to keep them and prefera-
bly to increase them, which is essential in order to
keep the quality of health care in Montenegro.
Key words: Montenegro, density, physicians,
nurses, dentists, pharmacists, workload.
INTRODUCTION
Health workers, as the main human resource in
the health care system, with their knowledge, ex-
perience and skills should enable the implemen-
tation of health policies in order to preserve and
improve the health of the population.
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
Population health care is implemented at all lev-
els, based on the set goals, strategies, programs
and plans, in order to provide the WHO recom-
mendation "Health for all under the same
conditions and equal rights." The organiza-
tional network of health care providers at all levels
of public health needs to be planned and continu-
ally improved. Through planning, it is necessary to
provide an adequate number of staff, that is, differ-
ent categories of health professionals / associates
and the necessary non-medical staff.
The process of human resource planning in the
healthcare industry ensures the continuous im-
provement of the quality of health care through
the implementation of the principles of inclusive-
ness, equity, accessibility and solidarity. In the
analysis of human resources, in addition to orga-
nizational network health care providers are re-
quired and demographic structure and population
projections with special emphasis on the analysis
of the age structure of employees in the health sec-
tor. Preferably analyzes and migration trends and
evaluates epidemiological situation. As the health
care system ensures the protection of human
health throughout the life span, it must be contin-
uously reformed in accordance with the needs and
requirements of the population.
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
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| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
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Human resources in the health system in Mon-
tenegro
The organization of health care in Montenegro is
similar to that in most European countries. Health
care is provided at primary, secondary and tertiary
levels. In public health institutions there is around
8,000 employees, including 200 at the Institute of
Public Health. About 77% of the total number of
employees are health care workers and 23% are
non-medical workers.
Since health care providers in the health care
system are doctors, the indicator of the number of-
physicians by population is important for assess-
ing health care in a particular country. The indi-
cator for Montenegro is 216 doctors per 100,000
inhabitants and is lower than the indicator in the
EU (334 in 2011 - according to WHO data). In
2017, in the public health system in Montenegro
has been employed 1,397 physicians and dentists
(of which 1,370 physicians and 27 dentists). By
comparison, there are currently 1,659 physicians
working in the Montenegrin public health system,
which is 311 more than in 2013, when 1348 phy-
sicians worked there. This means that the number
of physicians (per 1,000 population) since 2013,
when it was 2.1 has increased to 2.6 in 2018. The
Human resource plan by 2022, foresees an in-
crease from the current 2.6 to 3.2 physicians per
thousand inhabitants, bringing Montenegro closer
to the European average of 3.5.
Human resources play a central role in the ad-
vancement of the health sector, assuming that the
basic requirements in terms of expertise, work-
load/employment, scope and distribution are
met. Human resources are at a satisfactory level,
but overall, at the level of Montenegro there is a
shortage of medical staff in certain branches of
medicine and inadequate geographical distribu-
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
tion.
Health care in Montenegro is mostly provided
by public health institutions founded by the state.
Private healthcare institutions, except in dentist-
ry, are more prominent in the pharmacy business.
The field of private health care is not adequately
regulated, so there are various forms of such activ-
ity, which are out of control (about quality, price,
protection of the insured, etc.) and which gives the
possibility of additional earnings to physicians al-
ready employed in public institutions (especially
specialists) instead of being a supplement to pub-
lic health care. The primary health care reform
under the Health system improvement project
in Montenegro, which started in 2004, has since
2006 introduced the Institute of Chosen Doctor as
a primary care provider, and the health center was
also retained as a reference center for primary
health care with support units and other centers.
In this way, Montenegro has aligned its primary
health care system with EU standards.
According to available data from 2017, Monte-
negro had 622,373 inhabitants differently dis-
tributed by municipalities, of which 26.98% in
the northern region, 48.53% in the middle and
24.57% in the coastal region.
It is important to emphasize this because of the
health staff providing both primary and second-
ary health care to the population in these areas.
In 2017 out of 550 doctors, 33.09% of physicians
worked in the primary health care in the north-
ern region, 40.91% in the central and 26.00% in
the coastal region. In the hospital health care of a
total of 785 doctors, 21.66% worked in the north-
ern region, 12.35% in the southern region, and
65.99% in the central one, where the Clinical Cen-
ter of Montenegro (tertiary level) is located.
The mentioned proportions by regions, regard-
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
| Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
| PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
ing the ratio of the number of doctors and the pop-
ulation in them, indicates their uneven distribu-
tion in the territory of Montenegro. Also, it should
be emphasized that the selected teams of doctors
at the primary level, depending on the region in
which they work, are not burdened with approx-
imately same population. This as well points out
the unequal availability in the provision of health
services to different categories of population (chil-
dren, women, elderly, and adults).
Human resources related to medical profession-
als of higher and secondary education engaged
in the process of health care of the population of
Montenegro in the analyzed period since 2008 to
2017 recorded a slight decrease per 100,000 in-
habitants, from 603.21 that was at the beginning
of the analyzed period to 569.75.
That is a decrease from 6.03 to 5.70 per 1000
inhabitants, at the end of the analyzed period. In
the European region, in 2014 the rate was 7.4 per
1,000 inhabitants. In Montenegro, the rate per
1,000 populations in 2016 was 5.1 per 1000 pop-
ulation, in the same period in Iceland was 14.2,
Slovenia 9.7 and Serbia 6.0 per 1,000 populations.
With regard to the staff provision by Human re-
sources development plan by 2020, it was planned
to have an equal distribution of health staff (with
the share of 25% of staff in the northern and
southern region, and 50% in central part) but as
it is shown above this Plan is not fully implement-
ed, so it is necessary to further investigate the staff
needs on all levels of health care, with regard to
the growing health problems, orientation to pro-
motion, prevention and health improvement.
Evident rate of the workload of senior and mid-
dle medical personnel in the countries of the EU,
and the European region indicate that in Montene-
gro there is a lack of medical personnel with high-
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
er and secondary education. The lack of these hu-
man resources in Montenegro indicate that certain
activities should be undertaken in the forthcoming
period, primarily financial support for health care
personnel in order to increase them, which is sig-
nificant for the continuous improvement of the
quality of health care of the population.
According to the trend, extrapolation for 2022
should be 3501 health workers, or 70.99% of the
projected plan.
Although the projections are favorable, the cur-
rent situation indicates that the number of doc-
tors of medicine in Montenegro is insufficient
compared to the standard of a large number of EU
countries.
Oral health is completely excluded from the
state’s umbrella health records. The reform of
primary health care in the field of dental practice
did not produce the desired results, and the aboli-
tion of specialist activity in pediatric and preven-
tive dentistry resulted in a significant loss in the
quality of dental health care of the population, and
today the existing specialists do not participate
in the planning, elaboration, implementation and
control of prevention programs.
The strategic plan for the promotion and pro-
tection of oral health is not an integral part of
the Master Plan for Health Development of Mon-
tenegro 2015-2020, as an umbrella document
in the health system that defines the basic goals
and directions of the health system development
and, as such, is harmonized with the international
umbrella documents in the areas of health. Also,
in terms of staffing plans for staff development
up to 2022 in healthcare, there is no plan for staff
development in the dental sector. As we can see,
enormous problem with this structure is evident,
and in order to achieve the set goals of the Master
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
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Plan, it is necessary to ensure an adequate organi-
zational structure of the network of dental health
care units.
Insufficient number of health workers leads to
a large workload of available staff, and having in
mind the low pay power, dissatisfaction with the
existing staff may result in the question of the
threat of migration of health workers to coun-
tries with the better standard. Migration of health
workers is a global phenomenon, and it is of great
importance for countries to know the exact rea-
son that motivates health workers to seek work
abroad. Since the migration of large number of
health workers affects the availability and quality
of health services, represents an irreversible loss
of money invested in the development of human
resources, while also hampering the necessary
transfer of knowledge to younger generations.
Even tho principal objectives in human resources
planning are: adjustment of education of health
resources to society needs - continuous advance-
ment of knowledge and skills, development of ca-
pacities for human resources management, mobil-
ity of health workers, threat that health workers
may start migrating can be a huge issue for the
health system in Montenegro, specialy since the
Directive 2005/36/EU enables free flow of nurs-
ing services.
The results of the study, which was conducted in
October 2016 on a representative sample of health
workers - doctors in Montenegro, showed that
almost 60% of doctors in Montenegro could be
considered as potential migrants - given that they
had considered leaving the country for business
opportunities abroad. A framework for defining
the sample represented the official data from the
Staff report on permanent employees of the public
health system in Montenegro at the end of 2015,
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
was counducted by the Institute of Public Health,
making this study highly significant for decision
makers. This confirms the hypothesis that most
health professionals in Montenegro have a positive
attitude when it comes to business opportunities
abroad.
The migration of skilled health professionals di-
rectly affects the health system of the country, and
thus the health of the population, as well as the
health workers who remain in the country. It is ex-
pected that healthcare professionals who remain
in public health systems with an inadequate num-
ber of health care providers will experience addi-
tional stress and a higher workload, lack adequate
supervision and information, and have limited ca-
reer opportunities.
Conclusion
The available statistics, obtained on the basis
of reporting forms on the census of health care
workers in health care institutions, in particular
on the number of doctors and health care profes-
sionals, and their number per 100,000 inhabitants
(percentiles) for a period of 10 years, determined
for outpatient and hospital health care, indicate a
significant lack or shortage of human resources of
Montenegro in relation to some countries of the
EU or European region On the basis of data on the
total number of medical doctors and other health-
care professionals, higher and secondary educa-
tion equations are used to determine the linear
trend equations by the abbreviated method for
pairwise series of data.
However, example of dentist in Montenegro,
as well as other medical workers shows that the
workload of health care staff in both outpatient
and inpatient healthcare in Montenegro is uneven
and unsatisfactory. Compared to EU countries, this
number is noticeably lower, and it is also a similar
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
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| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
| PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
situation when compared to countries in the Eu-
ropean region. All of the above indicates that the on permanent employees of the public health
workload of doctors in Montenegro is significant- system in Montenegro, as of the end of 2015,
ly increased. The changes are necessary and there Institute of Public Health of Montenegro 2016
are several areas where activities should be direct-
ed in order to influence the current trend of migra-
tion of health workers from Montenegro, as well as
the trend that can be expected when Montenegro
joins the European Union. So, an optimal policy
for preventing the potential migration of doctors
from Montenegro should include increasing sala-
ries, improving working conditions and providing
more opportunities for professional development.
I Population provision with nurses / techni-
cians per thousand people in Montenegro and
in the countries of Europe in 2016
Source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat;
http://data.euro.who.int/hfadb (EU region-2014)
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
II Results of the survey made in Staff report
Source: http://www.ijzcg.me/wp-ontent/up-
loads/2017/10/Analiza-zdravstvene-za%C5%A1tite-u-
Crnoj-Gori-20151.pdf
References
• Situational analysis of health care in Montenegro for 2015. In-
stitute of Public Health
• Report on the work of the Health Insurance Fund of Montene-
gro for 2017
• Analysis of Human Resources in the Health Care System of
Montenegro 2008-2017
• Master plan for health development in the period 2015-2020
• Law on Health Care (Official Gazette of Montenegro 03/16,
39/2016, 2/2017, 44/2018 i 24/19)
• Master plan for health development in the period 2015-2020
• Master plan for health development in the period 2015-2020
• https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex-
%3A32005L0036
• https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
• http://data.euro.who.int/hfadb
• http://www.ijzcg.me/wp-ontent/uploads/2017/10/Analiza-
zdravstvene-za%C5%A1tite-u-Crnoj-Gori-20151.pdf
• Staff report on permanent employees of the public health sys-
tem in Montenegro, as of the end of 2015, Institute of Public
Health of Montenegro 2016
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| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
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 E-health in Montenegro
Ana Lasica,
Intern, ERSTE Bank
student of Master studies in health information management, UDG
The health care systems are expected to have
a good quality and up-to-date response to citi-
zens' needs for health care. This implies that
health care delivery should be in conformity with
current expertise, focused on the needs and goals
of individuals, their families and the entire com-
munity, concerning patients as key partners in the
treatment process. Patients which are better in-
formed will be able to manage their health more
effectively in the context of daily life and maintain
optimal well-being.
In Montenegro, the health care system reform
started in 2004. One of its goals was to improve
quality to ensure equal access, fairness and safety
of evidence-based healthcare, while facilitating the
continued development of skills and technologies
as well as patient involvement in decision-making.
From 2017 the beneficiaries of the Health Insur-
ance Fund in Montenegro can use the new sched-
uling system for their chosen general practitoner
- the application and the portal called „eZdravlje.
me“. The eZdravlje portal enables the use and pro-
vides information on electronic services in the
healthcare system of Montenegro. Accessing the
portal can be done through a web address (www.
ezdravlje.me) or mobile application (eZdravlje.
me). The registration is done by typing the health
book number and PIN.
Electronic services available to citizens are:
• eZakazivanje (e-Scheduling) - an online ap-
pointment scheduling service to general
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
practitoners in health centers. e-Zakazivanje
allows their users to make an online appoint-
ment, as well as to check, cancel or change
their appointment.
• eRecept (e-Prescriptions) - an electronic ser-
vice that provides patients with insight into
prescribed and realized prescriptions. Pa-
tients can receive information about their
prescriptions at any time, both those who are
active and those that have been used in the
last 6 months with information about where
and when they were used.
• eNalaz (e-Results) - an electronic service that
provides patients with insight into the results
of biochemical laboratory analyzes. The ser-
vice was developed with the goal of giving in-
formation on the provided services available
to patients as soon as possible. In this way, pa-
tients can chronologically monitor and search
the results of biochemical analysis they have
performed at the health center.
• eApoteka (e-Pharmacy) - an electronic ser-
vice for citizens (patients), developed with
the aim of providing information on the avail-
ability of medicines at pharmacies in the ter-
ritory of Montenegro. They receive accurate
information in which pharmacies prescribed
therapy can be taken. This service is of great
importance when it comes to possible chang-
es in the availability of certain medicines, in
particular in the case of shortages of certain
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
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 medicines.
• eOsiguranje (e-Insurance) - an electronic
service that provides citizens with an insight
into the status of their health insurance.
• eNaručivanje (e-Ordering) - an electronic ser-
vice which provides ordering services (elec-
tronic prescriptions for chronic patients; re-
ports for calculating the remuneration during
temporary work disability (sick leave); certif-
icates issued by the selected doctor; sick leave
in accordance to current measures and deci-
sions of the National Coordination Body for
fight against COVID-19 Infection). Electronic
ordering of individual electronic services is
technically possible for those who have ful-
filled the above mentioned specific precondi-
tions for each of the services listed.
Picture 1: eZakazivanje (e-Scheduling) – one of the elec-
tronic services on „eZdravlje.me“ portal
Source: Author
They proved to be very useful, not only because
they keep patients actively involved and informed
about their health, but also for allowing them to
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
manage their time better, beacuse waiting in lines
can be frustrating, especially today, when time is
everyone’s most important resource
The latest step forward in the field of e-medicine
is a mobile application for reporting symptoms
and health status, a part of a wider integrated in-
formation management system related to the on-
going Corona pandemic in Montenegro, launched
by The Institute of Public Health of Montenegro.
The mobile app provides an easy and secure way
to report the symptoms and current health status
of people under medical care in just a few clicks.
Citizens access the application via the link they re-
ceive in an SMS message. They communicate with
the epidemiology service, sending the most im-
portant information regarding their health, which
makes easier the process of medical surveillance.
The use of software solutions in healthcare can
help patients as well as the entire medical profes-
sion, as it makes it easier to monitor the quality,
safety and efficiency of medical services. Using
modern technologies, the data obtained can be
analyzed, then compared and aligned with the
practice of other countries, and the development
of such systems in healthcare is an important chal-
lenge of the 21st century. The use of IT technology
in healthcare is imposed as a real need because it
enables the limited resources to be used efficiently
while maintaining a high level of quality of health
service.
References
• www.ezdravlje.me
• www.ijzcg.me
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19901351 - Patient-centered
Care - Reynolds A.
• „Strategija za poboljšanje kvaliteta zdravstvene zaštite i bezb-
jednosti pacijenata za period 2019-2023. godine sa Akcionim
planom za 2019-2020. godine“ – public state document from
June 2019
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
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 Role of the patient - centered health technologies in Montenegro

Milica Miletić,
Software Developer, Exploring
student of Master studies in health information management, UDG
Coming from a background of Information Tech- be accessed by anyone, at any point of time and any
nologies, I have always found that many systems in location. Patient-centered care is important for in-
Montenegro need to be updated and redesigned so creasing the overall quality of the care that health
we can move progressively forward. I haven’t had organisations provide. It empowers patients and
any knowledge about healthcare systems in my also makes the physician’s jobs easier.
country since the last time I visited hospital was We must differentiate PCC and customer ser-
years ago. But I knew it was an interesting field for
vice oriented care. Epstein[2] cautions that PCC
future improvements. That’s how I discovered this is more than just “giving patients what they want,
master program. when they want it.” And as Millenson notes, “what
My understanding of patient-centred care is that distinguishes patient-centered care in its fullest
it is focused to ensure that the patient is guiding all
sense from beneficence or better customer ser-
clinical decisions of his/her own health matters. vice is that it involves actions undertaken in col-
Balint first described PCC as “understanding the laboration with patients, not just on their behalf.
patient as a unique human being.[1] Making that It requires clinicians to appropriately share power
possible would not go easy if it wasn’t for IT sys- even when that sharing feels uncomfortable.”[3]
tems. Not long time ago, patients didn’t have Good customer service is important, but insuffi-
cient to truly providing PCC.
Montenegrin health-care system was planned to
be patient-centred. Of course, nothing really goes
as smooth as planned. That’s why we have project
management. Specifically, strategies of our coun-
try were to create a modern and flexible IT sys-
tem by developing basic infrastructure to enable
healthcare facilities, physicians and patients to
benefit from ICT, creating electronic health cards,
improving security and technological standards,
and creating a unified health information system
that integrates existing health and social IT sys-
tems.[4]
access to medical information or social communi- Montenegro has developed eHealth portal that
ties. Medical school libraries were the only source provides users with information about electronic
the one could search for this type of knowledge. services that are available for our citizens. There
Technology is growing so fast and knowledge can are 5 services that are available for citizens and
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one for health facilities. They are named as fol-
lows: eScheduling, eRecepie, eResult, ePharmacy,
and eInsurance. All these services combined are a
great example of a role that patient-centred sys-
tem is having here in Montenegro. Montenegro
has also started a huge project of connecting all of
medical facilities into one information system that
can allow users (physicians, nurses etc.) to use
Business intelligence.
BI has a very important role in the healthcare making possible to connect technology and share
industry due to the availability of data in diverse medical data over bluetooth, wifi, etc. That’s where
formats which makes its access difficult across dif- I see the future of health care, moving from paper
ferent departments (For e.g. Some data regarding based records to electronic health records.
the customer details is with the admin department
and some reports of test are with the concerned
lab), this makes difficult to assemble and interpret
data, but due to robust environment BI tools pro-
vide , the task has been made easy to a great ex-
tent.[5]
Since my job is software development, interesting
apps for me are GoogleHealth or Apple Health type
of apps. The one that I am using specifically, allows
me to keep records of allergies, clinical vitals, con-
ditions, immunizations, lab results, medications
and procedures. Also, it keeps track of my daily
walks and activities. I can update my body mea-
surements, track menstruation cycles, check on
my hearing using audio commands on the phone.
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held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
Then keep data about heart, like blood pressure,
heart rate, oxygen saturation etc. There is also one
interesting category called mindful minutes. Mind-
fulness is a state of active, open attention on the
present. So it keeps track of how much I am being
calm, sort of my meditation time. In the category of
nutrition I can keep track of how much important
nutrients do I consume daily. I can also measure
my inhaler usage and respiratory rate if I connect it
to an app or something that could share data with
my phone. And phone itself can provide insights
into my sleep habits. It can help me determine the
amount of time I am in the bed and asleep. Hav-
ing all of these possibilities just through a phone
app assures me that PCC is becoming a huge thing
nowadays. Where do I see potential growth of PCC
technologies in Montenegro? Right there. Allow-
ing users to keep all their data on their phone and
References
• Balint E. The possibilities of patient-centered medicine. J R
Coll Gen Pract. 1969;17:269-276.
• Epstein RM, Fiscella K, Lesser CS, Stange KC. Why the nation
needs a policy push on patient-centered health care. Health
Aff. 2010;29:1489-1495.
• Millenson ML. New roles and rules for patient-centered care.
J Gen Intern Med. 2014;29:979-980.
• http://origin.who.int/goe/policies/countries/mne/en/
• Business Intelligence in Healthcare Industry by Anmol Khan-
na, Dhruv Bhasin
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 Problems caused by temporary measures introduced in Montenegro and the
world overall
Natalija Drekalović, Bogdan Laban
Freelance Dev, Upwork, Appen, Lionbridge
student of Master studies in health information management, UDG
Current trends in the world, triggered by the
COVID-19 pandemic, cause increasingly difficult
problems across all regions. Numerous institutions
find themselves riddled with obstacles, due to the
fact that they are not capable to define causes and
consequences of socio-economic developments in
a short period of time. Even the top statistical of-
fices such as: Eurostat, World Bank, World Trade
Organization, UN World Tourism Organization and
others have not managed to avoid, or overcome
these obstacles yet.
This data is essential to political structures and
citizens, amongst others. Various governments
strive to come up with the best possible socio-eco-
nomic laws, and for that, they need to have a peek
in this data. In the upcoming weeks, government
officials are expected to prepare and carry out es-
sential policies necessary to guide a country and
its people.
One way of collecting, preparing and presenting
this data, when it is rather hard or impossible to
perform classic methods of polling, relies on sol-
id knowledge and use of Information Systems and
Technologies. Regarding the use of technology, it
is absolutely essential that the privacy of the cit-
izens is a number one priority and guaranteed by
the government.
During the pandemic, key information for eco-
nomic sustainability of a country can be found
within its citizens. Collected data must be in a for-
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held responsible for any use which may be made of
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mat comparable to other countries, so to further
improve global cooperation.
According to research, the most prevalent meth-
ods of polling are CAWI (computer - assisted web
interviewing) and CATI (computer - assisted tele-
phone interviewing) methods as foundations for
data collection, followed by usage of a program-
ming language/tool (usually R or Python) for sta-
tistical analysis and graphical presentation of re-
sulting data.
Which brings us to the question: What can we ex-
pect after the COVID-19 pandemic?
In Montenegro, the digitalization of the system
was directly proportional to the needs and capa-
bilities of its citizens. However, COVID-19 brought
swift changes regarding the current state of tech-
nology usage across the board. Banks, schools,
various stores and malls, started offering their
services online, basically over night, followed by
all kinds of deliveries and bill payments. This pres-
ents a load of new data, which our statistical offic-
es have no access to.
It is very important to mention that there is a cer-
tain trade-off between data collecting and privacy.
These new measures force an entire country and
its populace into something they have not had con-
tact with before. These systems are new and un-
tested, thus making people rightfully wonder, just
how safe are they? As mentioned beforehand, it is
absolutely essential that the government has this
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completely under control and guarantees privacy.
Regarding Montenegro, CATI method would sure-
ly show great success. Basically, this method in-
volves conducting telephone interviews, whereby
interviewers would fill out questionnaires directly
into the system. This method is simple, doable, and
very time flexible compared to PAPI or CAPI meth-
ods. Also, the cost of CATI model is much lower,
as interviewers will not have to visit households,
thus not have to be reimbursed for transportation
costs. Also, fewer interviewers will be required,
leading to further cost reductions.
Picture 1 Overview of data collection methods across the world
in 2020.
Source 1 Map created based on data from International Labour
Organization.
More at: https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/covid-19/covid-19-im-
pact-on-labour-market-statistics/#elementor-toc__heading-an-
chor-9
Global issues are something that also greatly affects
our country. Such is global surveillance, which exist-
ed for years, but only became crystal clear now (even
though everyone seems to always talk about it). Sci-
entific and technological advancements heavily rely
on exabytes of data they take from people all over the
world, knowingly and unknowingly.
As smart technology advanced so did surveillance.
Gigantic databases of shopping malls, health institu-
tions, banks and markets essentially contain all the
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held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
information needed to guide, or manipulate human
consciousness. Many do not even realize that they are
tracked 24/7, and those that do, do not find it as much
disturbing as they should. Based on data collected
through a simple device found anywhere; a phone,
certain companies can know whether a person has
a positive or a negative outlook on the government;
whether they need a certain product; their browsing
history, location, and so much more. Yes, all those
apps might be free and really useful, but when you’re
not paying for it, you’re the product. This is a period
when people should wonder whether the dark age re-
ally ended, and with it, the dictatorship and monopoly
over information; lives.
Montenegro went through some tough transition
periods, in which it gained increasingly free market
and people. Some of those events that left a mark in
economy/history are:
a) Transition from socialism to a free market (1989)
b) Hyperinflation in Yugoslavia - crisis (1994)
c) Transition from DEM to EUR – significant re-
forms (2001-2002)
d) Transition to an independent, separate state (2006)
e) World economic crisis (2008)
f) Montenegro’s EU accession talks begin (2012)
g) Joining NATO (2017)
h) COVID-19 pandemic - crisis (2020)
This period of development of Montenegro was
marked by unrest caused by the civil wars that took
place after the fall of socialism. The whole process is
accompanied by globalization flows, which are still
present in the sphere of computerization of society
today.
There is no perfect model of civilization/society and
so the economic and political systems we strive for are
almost always impossible. Furthermore, it is notice-
able that the governemt, political leaders to be pre-
cise, are expected to come up with an instant solution:
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people want the government to act by the end of the graphically presented in Jupyter Notebook. You can
week, they want grants for individuals and businesses, find the repository at:
etc. Basically, people are waiting for someone to do https://github.com/dascar5/Socio-Economic-Move-
something, or for the crisis to simply end on its own, ments-Of-Montenegro-Under-Covid19
for a miracle to happen, and of course, for someone to
blame if the things start going south. Widespread fear Figure 2 Histogram of working relationship of Montenegrin
is a thing, which makes it clear to see that masses are
easy to manipulate.
Which brings another question to the table: empow-
erment or intimidation? Totalitarianism or institu-
tionalism? Aid or slavery?
The success of the fight against the virus and any
other cause of the crisis lies not solely with the gov-
ernment, but with a capable, enterprising, conscious,
conscientious and responsible individual! That is why
there is a rebellion of people who think that they are
treated like animals that need to be restricted, whose
actions and opinions should be governed! Neoliberal-
ism as such, a pure, social system, clearly does not ex-
ist in Montenegro. Neoliberalism comes into contra-
diction, that is, systemic contradictions, when there is
no pure rule of law and a strong institution.
Source 2 https://github.com/dascar5/Socio-Econom-
The conclusion is that it is easy to fight the news from ic-Movements-Of-Montenegro-Under-Covid19/blob/master/
home and it is easy to see the epidemic as if it were the Skripta.ipynb
end of the world. What would happen if we fought
a little more courageously? For example, if we were
going to work, school, college or the like. Then there
would be solidarity in action, then we are united in
thoughts of life, survival and prosperity and salvation,
and presently we appear exactly as Njegos described
us “Ah, what is a human being, but a weak animal!”
As additional material, authors conducted a survey
through Google Forms titled “Impact of COVID-19
on Socio-Economic Trends in Montenegro”. With
nearly 600 subjects, a dataset was obtained that was
cleaned and stored for further processing in the R
programming language. All data is documented and

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573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
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This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
the information contained therein | PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 Figure 3 Histogram of citizen food expenses before and Figure 4 Histogram depicting population opinion on the
during the pandemic actions of Government

Source 4 https://github.com/dascar5/Socio-Econom-
Source 3 https://github.com/dascar5/Socio-Econom- ic-Movements-Of-Montenegro-Under-Covid19/blob/master/
ic-Movements-Of-Montenegro-Under-Covid19/blob/master/ Skripta.ipynb
Skripta.ipynb

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573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
This project has been funded with support from the | Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
European Commission. | http://www.udg.edu.me
This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
the information contained therein | PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 Figure 5 Histogram depicting the type of influence pandem-
ic has on population Figure 6 Histogram depicting the number of people obey-
ing/disobeying the actions of Government during pandemic

Source 6 https://github.com/dascar5/Socio-Econom-
Source 5 https://github.com/dascar5/Socio-Econom- ic-Movements-Of-Montenegro-Under-Covid19/blob/master/
ic-Movements-Of-Montenegro-Under-Covid19/blob/master/ Skripta.ipynb
Skripta.ipynb

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COVID-19 CALL CENTER ACTIVITY REPORT FOR PERIOD 20 MARCH – 18 APRIL 2020

prof. dr Dragan Laušević, dr Aleksandar Obradović, dr Marija Todorović,

mr Ena Grbović
Social worker in Center for health promotion,
Institute of public health of Montenegro
student of Master studies in health information management, UDG
Introduction
The Call Center was opened at the Institute of
Public Health of Montenegro on 20 March 2020,
and is intended for all citizens who suspect that
they have been infected with a novel coronavirus
or who have been in direct contact with people
who have tested positive for the virus. By calling
the toll-free number 1616, all citizens can receive
adequate information every day from 8am to
11pm, including weekends and public holidays.
Citizens make their first contact with operators
who are employed at the Institute of Public Health
of Montenegro. After the epidemiological history
and the triage form are completed, citizens are
further referred to either the competent prima-
ry health care center or for further talk with the
on-duty epidemiologist from the Institute of Pub-
lic Health.
Operators and on-duty epidemiologists/physi-
cians from the Institute of Public Health of Monte-
negro work together at the center.
Operative training at the Call Center was at-
tended by 48 students of the Faculty of Medicine
(fields: medicine, dentistry and pharmacy) and
three students of the University of Donja Gorica.
The work of the operators was initially organized
in three 5-hour shifts (maximum four students per
shift). In this way, students had three to four days
off during their engagement at the Call Center.
After about ten days, due to the changing epi-
demiological situation in the country, the regime
of work for student volunteers in the Call Cen-
ter was changed. From that moment on, the Call
Center has hired two students per day, with nine
student volunteers in total rotation (those living
alone in Podgorica). From the very beginning, and
now most of the time, the additional positions of
the operators in the Call Center have been filled by
the employees of the Institute of Public Health of
Montenegro.
Together with them, two epidemiologists and five
social medicine specialists, all from the Institute
of Public Health, work daily at the Call Center. The
work of the epidemiologists/physicians is orga-
nized in two shifts, in that two epidemiologists are
recruited every day at the Call Center, while the
remaining five physicians rotate according to an
internal agreement.
Incoming calls
Since the launch of the COVID-19 Call Center on
20 March, and up until 18 April (30 days), 10,977
calls were received. Operators responded to every
single call.
On average, there were 366 incoming calls a day,
with variations in the number of calls received,
ranging from 161 (Saturday 18 April) to a maxi-
mum of 774 (Wednesday 25 March). The number
of calls varied from day to day, meaning that if

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something current was happening (e.g. reporting
of a higher number of positive cases), the number
of calls increased and vice versa.
Similarly, a decreased number of calls during the
weekend has been evidenced. Therefore, if we look
at the days of the weekends, the average number
of calls was 322, while during the working days
the average number of incoming calls was 385.
Outgoing calls
Since the launch of the COVID-19 Call Center on
20 March and up until 18 April (30 days), 8,039
outgoing calls were made.
There were an average of 268 outgoing calls a
day, with variations in the number of calls, rang-
ing from 75 (Friday 17 April) to a maximum of 632
(Friday 3 April). The number of calls varied from
day to day, meaning that if something current was
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held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
happening (e.g. reporting of a higher number of
positive cases), the number of calls increased and
vice versa.
Similarly, a decreased number of outgoing calls
during the weekend has been recorded. Therefore,
if we look at the days of the weekends, the average
number of calls was 209, while during the work-
ing days the average number of outgoing calls was
293.
Interviewed persons
The number of persons for which the operators
assessed the need to be interviewed for the ques-
tionnaire was 1613, which, on average, was 54 in-
terviewed persons a day.
From the moment when local transmission was
established in Montenegro, all persons, irrespec-
tive of the severity of the symptoms, who were in-
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terviewed by the operators, were contacted by ep- was from the age group of 30-39, and the lowest –
idemiologists/physicians from the Call Center on 5.18%, from the age group under 18 years.
the same day they called (usually within an hour
of their incoming call). References
By far the largest percentage of respondents was • http://www.prcentar.me/clanak/jedinstveni-na-istom-za-
datku-sa-istim-ciljem-da-to-prije-odahnemo/1164, access
from Podgorica 56.03%, followed by Nikšić 7.77%, 20.april 2020.
Bar 5.66%, Budva 5.04%, Herceg Novi 5.16%, • [1]http://www.prcentar.me/clanak/jedinstve-
ni-na-istom-zadatku-sa-istim-ciljem-da-to-prje-odahne-
Danilovgrad 4.10%, Tuzi 3.98% etc. mo/1164
Out of the total number of the persons inter- • [2]http://www.prcentar.me/clanak/jedinstve-
viewed, slightly higher number were men - 812 ni-na-istom-zadatku-sa-istim-ciljem-da-to-pri-
(50.37%). je-odahnemo/1164
The average age of the respondents was 42 years.
The highest percentage of respondents – 22.85%,

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 The structure of health system in Montenegro
Željko Milić
Head of IT Service, Water Supply and sewerage Company of Bar
student of Master studies in health information management, UDG
ABSTRACT
The Montenegrin health care system is facing dif-
ferent challenges, and in order to bridge the gap
between opportunities and expectations, it is nec-
essary to further implement reforms, improve the
organization and establish its sustainability.
Key words: Montenegro, physicians, organiza-
tion, health system
Introduction
Economic and social circumstances in Montene-
gro in recent years have indirectly reflected on
the state of health care. The processes of change
towards a new social order are associated with
many difficulties and problems, which require a
gradual change and the establishment of new rela-
tionships. This is especially evidence of a complex
and sensitive health care system where it cannot
be allowed to interfere with its implementation
and to ensure the health security of the popula-
tion. The Montenegrin health care system is facing
different challenges, and in order to bridge the gap
between opportunities and expectations, it is nec-
essary to further implement reforms, improve the
organization and establish its sustainability.
Health system in Montenegro
The health insurance system in Montenegro bears
a great deal of resemblance to the systems in the
countries in transition, especially the countries in
the territory of the former Yugoslavia. The system
is based on the principles of compulsory health
insurance and the entire population is covered by
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held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
health insurance (around 620,000 policyholders).
In order to assure quality in the health care work-
er - patient relationship, the normative framework
has been changed in recent years, and measures
have been defined to improve institutional and
administrative capacity in this area. As the funda-
mental rights of patients are defined by the Law on
Health Care, in accordance with the Rome Charter,
this through the Law on Patients ‘Rights further
defines each individual right on patients’ rights,
which implies an equal right to quality and con-
tinuous healthcare, in accordance with generally
accepted professional standards and ethical prin-
ciples, with the right to alleviate suffering and pain
at every stage of illness and condition at all levels
of health care.
Health care system in Montenegro is directly reg-
ulated by systemic laws, first of all, the Law on
Health Care and the Law on Health Insurance and
other laws such as the Law on Medicines, the Law
on Protection of the Population from Infectious
Diseases, the Law on Emergency Medical Assis-
tance, the Law on Provision the Law on the Protec-
tion of Patients’ Rights, the Law on the Taking and
Transplantation of Human Organs for the Purpose
of Healing, and indirectly by other regulations.
Health care is provided at primary, secondary and
tertiary levels.Insured persons also obtain health
care in other health institutions with which the
Fund concludes a contract on health care services
Healt.h insurance outside the Republic of Monte-
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negro is provided by the Fund’s insured persons in
accordance with the prescribed procedure, in the
health institutions of the Republic of Serbia with
which the Fund has concluded contracts and other
institutions with which the Fund has business co-
operation, at the proposal of the appropriate doc-
tor’s office of the Clinical Center of Montenegro. At
the suggestion of the appropriate Doctor’s Offices
and upon the approval of the Medical Treatment
Commission abroad, the insured persons are re-
ferred to other medical institutions abroad for the
provision of highly specialized healthcare covering
the most complex measures and procedures re-
garding diagnostic testing, outpatient and hospital
treatment.
The insured persons receive medical rehabilita-
tion at the Institute for Specialized Medical Reha-
bilitation “Dr. Simo Milošević” Igalo and the Gener-
al Hospital “Meljine” for rehabilitation after cardiac
surgery. Also, the Law on Taking and Transplant-
ing Parts of the Human Body for the Purpose of
Treatment stipulates that funds for the procedures
for taking and transplanting parts of the body for
the purpose of treatment, ie for health care related
to these procedures, as well as for monitoring the
health status of the donor and recipient of the or-
gan, provided such rights from mandatory health
insurance.
Medicines and medical supplies are provided to
insured persons through pharmacies of the PHI
“Pharmacies of Montenegro Montefarm” and from
other suppliers. Procurement of medicines and a
part of medical devices for the needs of citizens
and public health services is carried out by the
Montenegrin Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Associa-
tion “Montefarm”, which was established with the
aim of supplying Montenegrin citizens with med-
icines, while the procurement of medical devices
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This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
for the needs of all or more public health institu-
tions is carried out by a centralized fund individ-
ually for their needs. Medical and technical aids:
prosthetics and orthotics, as well as certain other
types of aids, are provided through the sub-agency
of the provider of medical and technical aids from
the Decision on the network of health institutions
- “Rudo Montenegro” Podgorica. Eye aids are pro-
vided through 24 private optical shops, while tiflo-
technical, hearing, aids for speech and breathing
aids are provided through 6 private suppliers with
whom the Fund has concluded contracts for the
delivery of aids after a public call.
If the insured person receives health care outside the
place of residence, he is entitled to reimbursement of
travel expenses in the amount of the lowest price by
means of public transport. When referring for med-
ical treatment abroad, travel expenses are approved
according to the type of vehicle, depending on the
health status of the insured person, as suggested by
the doctor’s offices, ie the Fund’s First-degree Medical
Commissions.
Employees who have been temporarily prevented
from work are entitled to compensation for earnings
during temporary work disability, based on the report
for calculation of earnings during temporary work
disability. The compensation to be paid by the Fund
to the employer is 70% of the grounds for compensa-
tion, except in cases prescribed by law, for which the
compensation is 100% of the grounds for compensa-
tion, namely: temporary disability for work caused by
injury at work and occupational illness, isolation due
to germs, for donation of blood, tissues and organs,
during pregnancy, for persons with malignancies, per-
sons with disabilities and persons with mental illness.
Health care in Montenegro is mostly provided by
public health institutions founded by the states. Pri-
vate healthcare institutions, except in dentistry, are
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
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| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
| Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
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more prominent in the pharmacy business. The field
of private health care is not adequately regulated, so
there are various forms of such activity, which are out
of control (on quality, price, protection of the insured,
etc.) and which represent more opportunities for
earning employed doctors in public institutions (es-
pecially specialists) than supplementing public health.
Insured persons also obtain health care in other health
institutions with which the Fund concludes a contract
on health care provision.
In addition to the right from compulsory health in-
surance, health care is financed at the expense of the
compulsory health insurance funds, which accord-
ing to Art 13 of the Law on Health Care should be
provided by the state, beyond the compulsory health
insurance funds. So, health care for insured persons
is provided in health institutions established by the
Decision on the Network of Health Institutions. It
consists of a network of health care institutions: 18
health centers, 7 general hospitals, 3 special hospitals,
Clinical Center of Montenegro, Department of Emer-
gency Medical Services, Blood Transfusion Institute
of Montenegro, Meljine Private Hospital, Institute of
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Igalo, Institute
of Public Health, PHI Montefarm pharmacies, Rudo
Montenegro for medical and technical aids and den-
tal clinics.
Health care reform in recent years has created the
preconditions for a sustainable and integrated health
care system based on the principles of solidarity, equi-
ty, accessibility and quality with the citizen at the cen-
ter of the health care system. Specially since Montene-
gro is in the process of EU accession, and Montenegro
is also a member country of the WHO, international
authority guiding and coordinating health policies
of member countries of the United Nations (UN), it
is necessary to plan the health system development
within the context of social, legislative and economic
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
EU framework.
The lack of awareness of citizens about their rights
as patients, as well as non-realization and weak pro-
tection of patients’ rights are the main cause of the
dissatisfaction of patients. Namely, if patients do
not know their rights, they do not know when they
have been damaged, and because of the complexity
and specificity that characterizes the way health ser-
vices are provided. In the period of globalization and
changes, health systems are exposed to permanently
growing pressures, changing day after day. This cov-
ers a wide range of impacts, such as demographic
changes, massive chronic non-communicable diseas-
es, and accelerated advancement of health technology
through possibilities of providing new interventions,
political expectations and public expectations. There-
fore, a special attention should be paid to health and
to the conditions for preservation and improvement
of health, which will be accomplished not only by
activities of the health sector, but by engagement of
all social sectors. Principles of solidarity, universality,
equality, accessibility and quality, which are the basis
for building a sustainable and integrated healthcare
system, with a citizen being the centre of the system,
are bearers of socially-oriented European health care
system also pursued by Montenegro within the pro-
cess of EU integration of health.
Conclusion
High-quality healthcare is defined as healthcare that
uses available and appropriate resources in an effective
way to contribute equally to improving the health of
the population and patients. This implies that health
care delivery is in line with current expertise, focused
on the needs and goals of individuals, their families
and the entire community, preventing and avoiding
the harm associated with treatment, and involving
citizens and patients as key partners in the healing
process. The changes are necessary and there is sev-
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
| Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
| PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 Table 1: Health care network in Montenegro
eral areas where activities should be directed in order
to influence the current trend of corruptive activities
of health workers from Montenegro, so in oreder to
return equity in health services, an optimal policy for
preventing corroption of doctors from Montenegro
should include increasing salaries, improving work-
ing conditions and providing more opportunities for
professional development in oreder to achive equita-
ble health care.
References
• Law on the Central Population Register (“Official Gazette of
Montenegro”, no. 049/07, 041/10, 040/11)
• Law on Personal Data Protection (Official Gazette of Monte-
negro, No. 079/08, 070/09, 044/12)
• Law on Health Care (Official Gazette of Montenegro 03/16)
• Law on Health Insurance (Official Gazette of Montenegro
06/16)
• Law on databases in health care (Official Gazette of Monte-
negro 80/08)
Photo 1. The network of public health institutions in Montenegro
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
• Law on Medicines (Official Gazette of Montenegro 056/11,
006/13)
• Report of the Ministry of Health for 2017 on work and situ-
ation in administrative areas with the report of the Health
Insurance Fund for 2017
• Report on the work of the Health Insurance Fund of Monte-
negro for 2017
• Health policy in Montenegro until 2020
• Master plan for health development in the period 2015-2020
• The status of IT service management in health care - ITIL®
in selected European countries, Alexander Hoerbst, Werner
O Hackl Roland Blomer and Elske Ammenwerth
• E-Health Approach to Link-up Actors in the Health Care
System of Austria, Thomas SCHABETSBERGERa, , Elske
AMMENWERTH , Ruth BREU, Alexander HOERBST , Georg
GOEBEL, Robert PENZ, Klaus SCHINDELWIG, Herlinde
TOTH, Raimund VOGL, Florian WOZAKa.
• Rodin, S., Ćapeta T. and Goldner Lang I. (eds.), Choosing Eu-
ropean Court Judgments, New Informant, Zagreb 2009
• http://www.pravo.unizg.hr/_download/repository/Ucin-
ci_direktiva.pdf
• http://ec.europa.eu/health/programme/policy/index_
en.htm
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
| Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
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 Deaths attributable to air pollution in Montenegro
Luka Maraš
Software Developer, International Bridge
student of Master studies in health information management, UDG
Introduction
Although health can be an abstract concept, ev-
ery one of us, without a doubt, would tell you that
they would like to live healthy ever after. Even if we
could do everything we can to embrace a healthy
lifestyle, there are also factors that are outside our
decision-making grasp. Many external factors in-
fluence our health, like social and community con-
ditions, living and working conditions, socio-eco-
nomic, cultural and environmental conditions. In
this essay we will look deeper into environmental
factors in Montenegro, more precisely air pollu-
tion and its effects on health of the population of
Montenegro.
Montenegro
Montenegro is a small developing country of just
650 hundred people. It is situated in rather rocky
terrain so most of the population is concentrated
in urban areas. It’s capital, Podgorica, counts over
200 thousand people, the third of the county’s
population. These urban centers, often industrial
centers too, are usually settled in valleys or basins,
surrounded by mountains. We will see later why
this is important when discussing air pollution.
Montenegro’s health system as well as industry
is a legacy from socialist era. Health system is one
hundred percent government-funded. It is very
much a very tightly coupled system reluctant to
change.
While a part of Yugoslavia, industry, and there-
fore big sources of pollution flourished. Industry
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held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
used to be based on heavy industry, mostly man-
ufacturing raw materials. Examples of that are the
Aluminium plant in Podgorica, Ironworks in Nikšić
and Paper factory in Berane. All of them are seri-
ous air pollutants, especially when you consider
that socialists, that built them, had lack of care for
long term effects of air pollution, and were more
concerned for economic growth rather than sus-
tainable growth. After Yugoslavia broke apart
Montenegro’s industry slowly dwindled. For bet-
ter or for worse, most of the big air polluters, fac-
tories, closed, so today we have less air pollution
from industry than 30 years ago.
Air pollution today
We can group air polluters in Montenegro into
three main groups: industry, transportation and
space heating.
Podgorica, as the administrative center with a
central position in Montenegro, is the main one a
traffic junction where numerous routes intersect.
About 30% of all vehicles registered in Montene-
gro are registered in Podgorica. It is estimated that
around 2,000 work days outside the tourist sea-
son in Podgorica passengers from the direction of
Bijelo Polje, while from Nikšić the number of pas-
sengers is about 15,000 daily. The capital city has
about 258 km of roads. The age and quality of the
vehicles used should also be kept in mind (accord-
ing to MONSTAT data in 2013. more than 54.2% of
vehicles used in Montenegro were manufactured
before 1999), as well as traffic transit during the
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| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
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| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
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summer months. Of the total number of vehicles,
58.3% use diesel fuel. The average age of a city bus
is 19 years.
Unlike most capitals in the Balkan Region, Pod-
gorica does not have a steam power plant for
central heating. Podgorica also lacks natural gas
infrastructure so the only fuels available for heat-
ing are those that pollute more like wood or coal.
This leaves citizens with two options to keep their
homes warm: either use electricity, or burn bio-
mass fuels. Firewood is the most represented fuel
in the consumption of biomass in Montenegro. In
the publication “Consumption of Wood Fuels in
2011 in Montenegro” (MONSTAT, 2013) it is stat-
ed that 29,623 households in Podgorica use fire-
wood and other wood fuels for heating. Of which
21,733 (73.3%) households are located in an ur-
ban area. Only 60 households out of total number,
uses wood briquettes and pellets for heating. Ac-
cording to the 2011 census report, the Podgorica
has 56,847 households, of which 47,362 are in the
city itself. These numbers say that at least 50% of
the population uses untreated firewood for heat-
ing. In the air quality report for 2014 European En-
vironmental Agency (Air quality in Europe - 2014
Report, The EEA) states that fossil fuel combustion
in households is the dominant source primary PM
particles.
Biggest industrial polluter, and biggest single
source of air pollution, period, in Montenegro is
the Coal Thermal Power Plant in Pljevlja. In Plje-
vlja TPP, lignite from local surface mines, which
in their own sense contribute to pollution by PM
particles, is used as fuel. TPP “Pljevlja” has been in
operation since 1982. Based on the available data,
TPP Pljevlja burnes 225 tonnes of coal per hour,
consumes 200 tons of oxygen per hour, emitting
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230 t of carbon (IV) oxide, 3.57 t sulfur (IV) oxide,
120 t water vapor and 0.36 t of suspended parti-
cles. Despite protecting the basin high the chimney
of the thermal power plant, under adverse meteo-
rological conditions, helped by the terrain as Plje-
vlja sits in a valley surrounded by mountains, and
during the heating season of households (which
burn wood), increase in the concentration of sus-
pended particles has been reported. Due to the
insufficient efficiency of the electrostatic precipi-
tator and the change in the applicable protection
regulations environmental and European Union
requirements for the emission of pollutants from
energy the replacement of the electro-filter plant
was completed in 2009.
Impact on human health
The impact of increased concentrations of PM
particles on human health is twofold - mechanical
and toxicological. The mechanical impact depends
directly on the particle size. Smaller diameter par-
ticles are more dangerous to human health in this
respect as they can penetrate deeper, although
most of them are exhaled. The toxicological effect
depends on the chemical composition of the PM
particles, which can be very different depending
on the source of the pollution. They are composed
of a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles of
organic and inorganic origin. Short-term and long-
term impacts should also be distinguished. While
short-term effects in healthy people can cause in-
convenience that does not require clinical treat-
ment (respiratory irritation at high concentrations
of dust, coughing, sneezing, dry throat, etc.) and is
easy to spot, long-term effects can be much more
serious, but they are much more serious. They are
also more difficult to isolate from other influences
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and create a causal link between disease and pol-
lution. Chronic exposure to PM particles adds to
the risk of developing cardiovascular and respira-
tory diseases, as well as lung cancer.
Health institutions and health professionals in
Pljevlja have been stressing the influence of pol-
lution on human health for years, and have un-
derlined the increase in the number of respirato-
ry diseases (figure 2, 3. and 4.) that are especially
pronounced in children. Both children and adults
with respiratory disease have shown the increase
of growth obstructive syndrome and asthma. Ac-
cording to the data of the Children’s ward of the
General Hospital Pljevlja and the Children’s and
School dispensaries of PZU Health Center Pljevl-
ja respiratory infections are one of the dominant
problems with children.
In Montenegro, studies on the effects of air pol-
lution on human health have not yet been con-
ducted. In order to make them possible it is nec-
essary to improve health statistics and expand the
air quality monitoring network. Available data on
the impact of pollution on human health were ob-
tained using statistical methods conducted mainly
by the World Health Organization applying aver-
age values from the environment to conditions in
Montenegro.
Based on WHO data from 2016. Over five hundred
people die annually, on average, because of health
problems related to air pollution in Montenegro.
Out of that fifteen die because of lower respiratory
infections, eighty because of cancer, over two hun-
dred because of heart disease. Stroke related to air
pollution takes 175 lives annually, while chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease takes fifty lives.
End word
To be able to fight back diseases, first you need
to understand it by looking at the data. Although
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This project has been funded with support from the
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only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
WHO’s data on air pollution health effect in Mon-
tenegro is extrapolated using statistical meth-
ods, and therefore does not exactly represent
real-world situation, these numbers do look wor-
rying, to say at least. The fact is that air pollution
parameters do go over recommended limits, espe-
cially in winter due to usage of firewood for heat-
ing. Western europe countries are phasing out coal
power plants, but Montenegro’s bulk of electricity
still comes from our singular power plant. Poli-
cies for urban planning and transportation could
also help reduce air pollution in urban areas by
banning or reducing traffic, and using alternative
means of transportation that do not produce as
much pollution like, public transportation or bik-
ing and walking. This topic is a complex both polit-
ical, economic and health problem, and should be
that called as such. Recently government has de-
cided not to invest in expanding the power plant in
Pljevlja, Podgorica bult bicycle infrastructure and
country is investing in renewable sources of ener-
gy. Hopefully Montenegro finally lives up to its title
of being the first ecological country in the world.
References
• Burden of disease from ambient air pollution for 2016 - De-
scription of method, WHO, May 2018.
• Exposure to ambient air pollution from particulate matter for
2016, WHO, v5, May 2018.
• National strategy for air quality management, Ministry of
Sustainable Development and Industry of Montenegro, Octo-
ber 2012.
• Air Quality Plan for the Capital City of Podgorica, Ministry of
Sustainable Development and Industry of Montenegro, Au-
gust 2015.
• Air Quality Plan for the Municipality of Pljevlja, Ministry of
Sustainable Development and Industry of Montenegro, Feb-
ruary 2013.
• Ambient Air Quality Database, WHO, April 2018.
• Joint effects of air pollution - Data by country, WHO, 2016.
• Trozzi, Carlo & S.Villa, & J.Knezević, & C.Leonardi, & A.Pejović,
& R.Vaccaro,. (2013). Air quality study for Montenegro Pljevl-
ja area. 10.2495/AIR130201.
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
| Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
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European Commission Erasmus+ Project: | PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
This project has been funded with support from the | Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
European Commission. | http://www.udg.edu.me
This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
the information contained therein | PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 Unapređenje aplikativnog rješenja eZdravlje uključivanjem stomatološke
zdrastvene djelatnosti

Nataša Dević
profesor matematike, OŠ “Božidar Vuković”
student of Master studies in health information management, UDG
Crnogorski zdravstveni sistem je, po većini ja (e-zdravstvo) razvijeni su pojedini elektronski
parametara koji ga karakterišu, relativno mali servisi.
sistem i kao takav pogodan je za uvođenje i prim- U Crnoj Gori se koristi e-Zdravlje (Slika 1) aplika-
jenu novih znanja i iskustava i shodno tome rel- tivno rjesenje, koje je po svojoj namjeni okrenu-
ativno brzu transformaciju u jedan moderan, to prema pacijentima. Korisnici ovog rješenja su
kvalitetan i efikasan sistem sposoban da u pot- osiguranici Fonda za zdravstveno osiguranje, koji
punosti zadovolji potrebe krajnjih korisnika svojih su registrovani kod izabranih doktora u Domovi-
usluga. ma zdravlja. Ovo rjesenje uključuje portal eZdravl-
Zdravstveno osiguranje u Crnoj Gori se bazira na je (www.ezdravlje.me) i aplikacije za mobilene
obaveznom (socijalnom) osiguranju, koje se finan- telephone (IOS I Android OS).
sira iz doprinosa na zarade na teret zaposlenih i
poslodavaca i iz poreza. Osnovni principi su soli-
darnost i jednakost pristupu zdravstvenim uslu-
gama. Obezbeđuje paket osnovnih zdravstvenih
usluga za svo stanovništvo. Fond za zdravstve-
no osiguranje Crne Gore (u daljem tekstu: Fond),
shodno Zakonu o zdravstvenom osiguranju, vrši
javna ovlašćenja u rješavanju o pravima i obave-
zama iz obaveznog zdravstvenog osiguranja. Fond
donosi godišnje programe rada, predlaže finan-
sijske planove i donosi opšte akte za ostvarivanje
prava osiguranih lica. 

Integralni informacioni sistem (u daljem tekstu: Slika 1
IS) zdravstva u Crnoj Gori obuhvata IS Fonda, Pristup portalu eZdravlje je moguć putem web
IS primarne zdravstvene zaštite, IS apotekarske adrese (www.ezdravlje.me) ili odgovarajuće mo-
djelatnosti, IS stomatološke zdravstvene zaštite na bilne aplikacije (eZdravlje.me). Prijava korisnika
primarnom nivou, IS opštih bolnica, IS Zavoda za (pacijenta) se obavlja elektronskim nalogom koji
hitnu medicinsku pomoć, IS Zavoda za transfuziju, se sastoji od korisničkog imena (broj zdravstvene
IS Instituta za javno zdravlje i IS Agencije za ljek- knjižice - desetocifreni broj koji je upisan na prvoj
ove. Kao podrška elektronskoj razmjeni informaci- strani zdravstvene knjižice) i lozinke. Da biste pris-

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573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
This project has been funded with support from the | Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
European Commission. | http://www.udg.edu.me
This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
the information contained therein | PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
tupili elektronskim servisima, neophodno je da se i jedinstvena je za sve elektronske servise.
obratite svom izabranom doktoru ili nadležnoj Portal eZdravlje sastoji se od sledećih servisa:
područnoj jedinici/filijali Fonda, kako biste dobili • eZakazivanje: omogućava online zakazivanje
odgovarajući korisnicki nalog. Odgovarajuću lozi- posjete, kao i provjeru, otkazivanje ili prom-
ku korisnik ce dobiti putem sms-a ili e-mail-a. jenu zakazanih termina (izabrani doktor za
Svaki osiguranik dobija osnovne informacije o odrasle, izabrani doktor za žene i izabrani
načinu pristupa Portalu u momentu otvaranja doktor za djecu). Na ovaj način se mogu zaka-
korisničkog naloga. Za maloljetnog osiguranika, zati sve vrste posjeta, osim preventivnih pre-
odnosno osiguranika lišenog poslovne sposobno- gleda (savjetovališta za djecu i redovnih imu-
sti lozinku može preuzeti njegov roditelj ili zakon- nizacija) i kućnih posjeta izabranih doktora.
ski zastupnik. • eRecept: omogućava pacijentu uvid u prop-
Osobe ženskog pola imaju dva izabrana doktora isane i realizovane recepte. Pacijent na svom
(izabranog doktora za odrasle i izabranog dok- nalogu u svakom trenutku može dobiti infor-
tora za žene) i koriste isti korsinički nalog. Loz- macije o receptima koji su propisani i aktivni,
inku dodjeljuje jedan od ovih izabranih doktora ili kao i o receptima koji su realizovani u posled-
službenik Fonda u područnoj jedinici/filijali Fonda njih 6 mjeseci sa informacijom gdje i kada su

Slika2.
Pregled labaratoriskih
nalaza

Slika 3.
Pregled labara-
toriskih nalaza po
parametru

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573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
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European Commission. | http://www.udg.edu.me
This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
the information contained therein | PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 realizovan
• eNalaz: omogućava pacijentu uvid u rezultate
biohemijskih laboratorijskih analiza
Na ovaj način pacijent može hronološki pratiti i
pretraživati rezultate biohemijskih analiza koje su
realizovali u domu zdravlja.
• eApoteka: pacijent dobija preciznu infor-
maciju u kojim apotekama može preuzeti
propisanu terapiju
• eOsiguranje: pacijet ima uvid u status svog
zdravstvenog osiguranja
• eNaručivanje:
- elektronskih recepata (terapije) za hronične
bolesnike (spisak dijagnoza za hronične
bolesti možete pogledati ovdje),
- izvještaja za obračun naknade zarade
(doznaka) za vrijeme privremene spriječeno-
sti za rad (bolovanja), isključivo za bolovan-
ja koja odobravaju Prvostepene ljekarske
komisije Fonda,
- potvrda koje izdaju izabrani doktori (tre-
nutno 2 vrste potvrda koje izdaje izabrani
doktor za djecu: Opravdanje izostanka iz
vrtića i Dokazivanje sposobnosti za nastavu
fizičkog vaspitanja).
- bolovanja (produženja otvorenog bolovan-
ja), prema privremenim mjerama i odlukama
Nacionalnog koordinacionog tijela za borbu
protiv širenja infekcije COVID-19.
Pravo na besplatne (o trošku Fonda) preglede, di-
jagnostiku i liječenje bolesti usta i zuba imaju dje-
ca, učenici i studenti do 26 godina, lica mentalno
oboljela, lica ometena u razvoju, oboljeli od multi-
ple skleroze, mišićne distrofije, cerebralne paral-
ize, paraplegije, kvadriplegije, slijepa i gluvonije-
ma lica, trudnice, porodilje i stariji od 67 godina.
Sva ova lica imaju pravo na izabranog stomatologa,
kod koga mogu da obavljaju preglede i neophodne
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
interevencije. Izbor stomatologa vrši se uz ov-
jerenu zdravstvenu knjižicu u područnoj jedinici
Fonda i u stomatoloskim ambulantama.
eZdravlje aplikativno rješenje nema servise
koji su okrenuti prema pacijentima u domenu
stomatološke zdrastvene djelatnosti. Strate-
gijom IS Crne Gore (2018 – 2023) nisu planirane
aktivnosti koje se odnose integraciju stomatološke
zdrastvene djelatnosti i njene integracije sa aplika-
tivnim rješenjem eZdravlje. Ukoliko bi se u nared-
nom periodu Crna Gora odlučila na inegrisanje i
ovog domena zdrastvene zaštite u portal eZdravlje
pacijenti bi dobili nove funkcionalnosti. Pored ser-
visa koje aplikacija eZdravlje već koristi a koji bi
bili na raspolaganju i izabranom stomatologu kao
dio ovog novog rjesenja mogu se ponuditi i sledeći
dodatni servisi:
• prevencija karijesa i drugih bolesti usta i zuba
kod predškolse djece
• prevencije bolesti usta i zuba kod trudnica i
porodilja
• elektronska komunikacija izmedju izabranog
stomatologa i izabranog ginekologa kod trud-
nica i porodilja
• arhiviranje i pristup arhiviranim rendgenskim
snimcima zuba/ortopan snimka.
Za realizaciju ove integracije i dodatnog razvoja
aplikativnog sistema neophodno je sprovesti niz
koraka. Neophodno je na nivou Strategije IS Crne
Gore predvidjeti aktivnosti vezane za ovu oblast tj.
planirati novi projekat. Projekat bi uključivao:
• stavke koje se odnose na vrste novih servisa,
• budžetske stavke i
• vrijeme potreno za realizaciju projekta.
Sve ove stavke treba planirati u saradnji sa Mini-
starstvom zdravlja, Fondom, stomatolozima, gine-
kolozima i primjenom dobre svjetske prakse iz
odgovarajućih oblasti.
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
| Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
| PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 Ciljevi i metode skrininga u zdravlju

Nataša Žugić
Načelnica u Direktoratu za projekte i ekonomiku u zdravstvu, Ministarstvo Zdravlja
student of Master studies in health information management, UDG
Rano otkrivanje maligniteta (skrining ili probir) je žena.
preventivna multidisciplinarna javno-zdravstvena U našoj zemlji skrining raka dojke je počeo 2015.
aktivnost koju inicira država među zdravom popu- godine. Ciljna populacija obuhvata sve zdrave
lacijom, sa prosječnim rizikom obolijevanja, u cilju žene u Crnoj Gori starosti od 40-69 godina živo-
detekcije maligniteta u ranim fazama bolesti što ta, sa intervalom pregleda svake druge godine.
rezultuje smanjenjem obolijevanja i smrtnosti od Prema podacima MONSTAT-a u Crnoj Gori, na dan
malignih bolesti za koje se skrining uvodi. Osnovni 01.01.2007. godine u ovoj grupi ima oko 114.000
cilj organizovanja skrininga za neko maligno obol- žena. U ovom trenutku, mamogram je najbolji
jenje je smanjenje smrtnosti izazvane tom bolešću metod da se pronađe karcinom dojke kod većine
na teritoriji koja je obuhvaćena programom. žena. Mamogram je rendgenski snimak dojke. Ma-
U Crnoj Gori se rade tri nacionalna skrining pro- mogrami su najbolji način da se rak dojke pronađe
grama: karcinom dojke, karcinom grlića materice i rano, kada ga je lakše liječiti i prije nego što je
karcinom debelog crijeva (skrining raka kolorek- dovoljno velik da izazove simptome. Redovni ma-
tuma), među kojime je rak dojke najčešći maligni mogrami mogu umanjiti rizik umiranja od raka
tumor i jedan od vodećih uzroka smrtnosti kod dojke.

Indikatori procjene kvaliteta programa skrininga raka dojke

European Commission Erasmus+ Project: | PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja

573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
This project has been funded with support from the | Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
European Commission. | http://www.udg.edu.me
This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
the information contained therein | PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 Sa druge strane, rak grlića materice je drugi po
učestalosti maligni tumor ženskog genitalnog
sistema u svijetu. Smatra se bolešću koja se može
izliječiti, zbog toga što ima dug preinvazivni peri-
od, što je moguće organizovati efikasan skrining
i zato što je tretman preinvazivnih lezija i ranih
stadijuma bolesti uspješan. Invazivni rak grlića
materice se nalazi na listi najučestalijih malignih
tumora kod žena. Obično je na trećem mjestu, iza
karcinoma dojke i kolorektalnog karcinoma, a u
zemljama u tranziciji na prvom ili drugom mjestu
po učestalosti u ženskoj populaciji i čini čak 12%
svih malignih bolesti žena. Rak grlića materice
predstavlja globalni javno zdravstveni problem,
naročito u zemljama u razvoju.
Skrining grlića materice se obično obavlja po-
moću Papa testa. U konvencionalnom Papa testu,
ljekar koji sakuplja ćelije razmazuje ih na slajdu
mikroskopa i promjenjuje fiksativ. Generalno, sla-
jd se šalje u laboratoriju na procjenu. Abnormalne
nalaze često prate osjetljiviji dijagnostički postup-
ci i ako je opravdano, intervencije koje imaju za cilj
Indikatori procjene kvaliteta programa skrininga raka grlića materice
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
da spriječe napredovanje do raka grlića materice.
Test su samostalno izmislili 1920-ih dr Georgios
Papanikolaou i dr Aurel Babes. Pojednostavljenu
verziju testa uvela je Anna Marion Hilliard 1957.
godine. Infekcija humanim papiloma virusom
(HPV) uzrok je skoro svih slučajeva raka grlića ma-
terice. Skrining raka grlića materice u Crnoj Gori
je počeo 2016. godine u opštini Podgorica. Ciljnu
grupu činile su žene, registrovane kod izabranih
ginekologa u dobnoj skupini 30 do 34 godina. Od
01. februara 2018. godine skrining se sprovodi na
nacionalnom nivou, a od 01. februara 2019. go-
dine ciljnu grupu čine žene koje su izvršile odabir i
registraciju kod izabranog ginekologa i koje imaju
između 30 i 42. godine starosti. Ukoliko se do sada
nijesu registrovale, žene ove dobne skupine imaju
mogućnost da se samoinicijativno uključe u pro-
gram javljajući se timu izabranog ginekologa.
Što se tiče karcinoma debelog crijeva u Evropi je
drugo po učestalosti maligno oboljenje i kod žena
i kod muškaraca. Kao skrining test preporučuje se
test na prisustvo skrivene krvi u stolici (FOBT).
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
| Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
| PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
U slučaju pozitivnog nalaza, osoba se upućuje
na kolonoskopiju. Kolonoskopija omogućava ot-
krivanje i uklanjanje prekanceroznih promjena
(polipa) debelog crijeva, čime se spriječava nas-
tanak kancera.
Rizik od raka debelog crijeva raste nakon 40-te
godine života, tako da se CRC javlja 90% kod oso-
ba koje imaju preko 50 godina života. Svaka oso-
ba starija od 50 godina nosi 5% rizika da će do
74 godine razviti rak debelog crijeva, odnosno
2,5% rizika da će umrijeti od raka debelog crije-
va. Simptomi koji upućuju na razvoj raka debelog
crijeva su krvarenje nevidljivo golim okom (okult-
no) ili manifestno, promjene u ritmu pražnjenja i/
ili obliku i konzistenciji stolice, bolovi u stomaku
ili grčevi, malokrvnost (anemija). Sprovođenje
nacionalnog skrining raka debelog crijeva poče-
lo je 2013. godine. Ciljnu grupu za sprovođenje
Programa činile su osobe 47.727 osobe oba pola,
koje su izvršile odabir i registraciju kod izabra-
nog ljekara za odrasle i koje su 01. 06. 2018. imale
između 50 i 74 godina starosti.
Iz navedenog možemo zaključiti da skrining
predstavlja promjenu individualnog testa koji
može da ukaže i identifikuje prethodno nepoznato
oboljenje u presimptomatskoj fazi bolesti, što daje
efikasnije rezultate terapije, odnosno mogućnost
da se utiče na tok bolesti. Sprovodi se u asimptom-
noj populaciji u prosječnom riziku za detekciju
ranih stadijuma oboljenja, a omogućava i identi-
fikaciju prekursora invazivne bolesti koji se mogu
otkloniti.
Skrining je kompleksan proces koji zahteva
usaglašenost više faktora: funkcionisanje sistema
pozivanja, medijske kampanje usmjerene na cilja-
nu populaciju, izradu preporuka za ljekare i ostalo
medicinsko osoblje, saglasnost pacijenata, dovol-
jno finansijskih sredstava, stratifikaciju rizika i
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
selekciju odgovarajućeg testa.
Opšti principi skrininga su definisani kroz pre-
poruke Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije iz 1968.
godine i glase: bolest/stanje zbog koje se sprovodi
skrining je važan zdravstveni problem; adekvatan
tretman za rane oblike tog oboljenja; mogućnost
za definitivnu dijagnostiku i terapiju datog obol-
jenja; dovoljno dug latentni period prije početka
simptomatske faze bolesti; pogodan test za ranu
detekciju koji je jednostavan, precizan, bezbjedan,
validan; test bi trebalo da je prihvatljiv za cijelu
populaciju; usaglašen protokol otkrivenih slučaje-
va bolesti u skriningu; ukupan finansijski trošak
bi trebalo da je prihvatljiv u odnosu na ukupne
troškove zdravstvene zaštite u datom području
gdje se sprovodi skrining; skrining se sprovodi
kontinuirano; učesnici skrininga bi trebalo da do-
biju adekvatne informacije o koristi i mogućoj šte-
ti od skrininga.
U cilju pravilnog upravljanja programima u Crnoj
Gori i uspostavljanja adekvatnih standarda u ovoj
oblasti, neophodno je uspostaviti pravni okvir
programa, definisati ovlašćenja, dužnosti i obav-
eze za sve učesnike i omogućiti pristup bazi poda-
taka stanovnika (registru). Neophodan preduslov
je i ažuriranje kućnih adresa i brojeva telefona, te
formirati poseban centar za pozivanje i ponovno
pozivanje u slučaju da nije uspostavljen kontakt
sa pacijentom. Zbog nepostojanja registara skrin-
inga, neophodno je funkcionalno unaprijediti
postojeća IT rješenja i uspostaviti dobru saradnju
menadžerskog tima na svim nivoima zdravstvene
zaštite kao i posvećenost stručnjaka za provođen-
je nacionalnih programa.
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
| Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
| PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 Indikator procjene kvaliteta programa skrininga za CRC 2018-2019. god

References
• Jaffer, S. (2017), Breast Cancer Screening and Prevention:
Health Screening and Prevention, Adult Guide
• Nacionalni program za rano otkrivanje raka debelog crijeva
Podgorica, septembar 2011. godine
• Nacionlani program za rano otkrivanje raka dojke, Podgorica,
jun 2010. godine
• Nacionalni program za rano otkrivanje raka grlića materice
Podgorica, septembar 2011. godine
• https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/screening.
htm (Datum pristupa: 30.01.2020)
• https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cervical-screening/
(Datum pristupa: 31.01.2020)
• https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SI
CI%2910969896%28199909%29189%3A1%3C12%3A%
3AAID-PATH431%3E3.0.CO%3B2-F
(Datum pristupa: 31.01.2020)
• https://www.ijzcg.me/me/odjeljenje-za-skrininge
(Datum pristupa: 04.02.2020)

European Commission Erasmus+ Project: | PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja

573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
This project has been funded with support from the | Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
European Commission. | http://www.udg.edu.me
This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
the information contained therein | PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 MENTAL HEALTH STATUS IN MONTENEGRO

Nina Milović
Ministry of Health Montenegro

Mental and physical health are two inseparable
companions, and their mutual impact and connec-
tion is deep and complex. The concept of develop-
ment of mental health should respect the sensibil-
ity of a society, and therefore its social, cultural,
economic aspects. It is also important to stress out
that the need for cross-sectoral approach to the
problem of mental health should not be ignored.
Montenegrin society is a traditional society with
rigid value system, in which the disease and men-
tal illness are considered as stigma of the family,
and therefore, it is very difficult to create a climate
that will be acceptable for a civilized and rational
treatment of mental illness. The stigmatization of
mental patients and their families is a prejudice
and brake for the development and implementa-
tion of the state program regarding mental health
care of the population. Mental illnesses are tra-
ditionally linked with the failure of acceptance
by the society, fear and stigma. Stigmatization of
persons with mental health issues represents a
serious problem, the consequences of which are
numerous and they are manifested both in experi-
encing one’s own illness and in the reduced moti-
vation to request professional assistance. Stigma,
due to mental illnesses is so strong that it creates
a wall of silence in relation to this problem, wors-
ens the underlying illness and makes it even more
unbearable and difficult.
People with mental health problems have in-

Burden of mental health disorders in Montenegro

European Commission Erasmus+ Project: | PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja

573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
This project has been funded with support from the | Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
European Commission. | http://www.udg.edu.me
This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
the information contained therein | PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
creased morbidity and mortality from physical ill-
ness. The number of committed suicides, which is
an indicator of mental health vulnerability, is high-
er than the number of deaths in road accidents In
Montenegro. Namely, from January to December
2019, 91 persons committed suicide, with the
most suicides occurring in Podgorica, according to
the data obtained from Police Directorate. There
were 16 suicides in Niksic; 12 in Herceg Novi; 11
in Bijelo Polje , 9 in Bar, 8 suicides in the Berane ,
5 in Pljevlja, while 3 were recorded in Budva. The
perpetrators of suicide were men in 76.6 %. The
suicide is almost 1% of all deaths, and almost two-
thirds of those figures include people who suffer
from depression. In other words, depression more
than four times increases the risk of suicide in re-
lation to the general population. The World Health
Organization assume that Depression would rep-
resent the second most important cause of the
disease by the end of 2020, and that this will be
also the case in Montenegro. The fact that in the
90s the number of refugees from war affected ar-
eas of former Yugoslavia represented more than
20% of total population in Montenegro (650,000
inhabitants), as well as that our country is under-
going a transitional process over last 20 years,
with relatively high unemployment and econom-
ic uncertainty, increasingly worsening the global
economic crisis, puts Montenegro among coun-
tries with highest rate of depression. In a study
published in PLOS Medicine, using data on preva-
lence, frequency and duration of depression, it is
determined that depression represents the second
cause of disability, with more than four percent of
the world population affected. On PLOS Medicine
map, Montenegro is among countries with high
percentage of depression. Among countries in this
region, similar data are found only in Croatia, while
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
our remaining neighbours, according to data, are
less depressed. In the structure of hospital mor-
bidity in Montenegro, the greatest average length
of hospital treatment is given to patients from the
group of mental disorders and behavioral dis-
orders (F00-F99) with 45 days. Moreover, in the
Clinical Center of Montenegro and general hospi-
tals, the average length of stay of patients with dis-
eases from this group in 2015 was 16 days.
The global trend of increase in the number of
people who suffer from some of the mental health
disorders requires adequate occupancy rate and
training of personnel in the services specialized
for this activity, including a stable and continuous
financial support as a guarantee of quality and sus-
tainability of the system.Over the last fifteen years,
psychiatric health services in Montenegro were
strategically focused on strengthening of a com-
munity based psychiatry, reducing the number of
hospital beds and the length of hospital treatment
in the existing psychiatric hospitals.The former
Mental Health Improvement Strategy has prior-
itized strengthening the primary level of health
care through the envisaged activities of mental
health centers- outpatient treatment and rehabil-
itation of persons with mental illness, which were
assumed as prerequisites of success regarding
future organization of services in the field of psy-
chiatry. The next strategic goal of community psy-
chiatry development was to set up mental health
centers at the primary level of health care (within
the Public Health Care Centers), whose structure
of personnel, efficiency, quality and range of com-
munity service delivery has not fully met its origi-
nal purpose so far. Psychiatric service in Montene-
gro still predominantly relies on hospital treatment,
not offering a large number of necessary services
in the community or specific solutions for the users
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
| Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
| PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
undergoing multiannual hospital treatment.These
data are particularly alarming, bearing in mind
the fact that during the past 30 years the number
of psychiatric beds in Montenegro has been consid-
erably reduced. In fact, in 1989 there were 389 psy-
chiatric beds in the entire country, while currently
there are 312 of them. This reduction in the capac-
ity of beds has not been accompanied by adequate
strengthening of services in the community, which
has resulted in overcrowded hospitals (especially
in Kotor Special Psychiatric Hospital) and short-
age of capacities for acute psychiatric treatment
in the entire country. In the same period of time
one could notice rapid growth of forensic patients,
as well as of prison population. Although mutual
links among these three phenomena remain ques-
tionable, it is beyond doubt that they all call for
urgent intervention of the society in order for the
current situation to be overcome.
Special Hospital for Psychiatry, Kotor ( only
one on state level)
Since its foundation on May 26, 1953, Special
Hospital for Psychiatry in Kotor has been the
leading psychiatric institution in Montenegro.
As a secondary level health care institution, this
hospital is in charge to carry out specialist-consul-
tative and highly specialized consultative-medical
activity, as well as hospital treatment of patients
with mental problems, following the rules of ap-
propriate medical rehabilitation. The facility is of
a pavilion type and consists of nine patient wards
located in six facilities where patients are separat-
ed by sex and the nature of the disease. The alarm-
ing fact is that this hospital, in which patients from
across the country fluctuate, exceeds the rate of
annual capacity occupancy, which is around 106%
for years. The daily admissions of acutely impaired
patients from across the country are the cause of
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
constant shortage of vacancies and the reason
why patients in a state of unstable remission are
released from hospital for adaptation weekends,
often before due time. Special Hospital for Psy-
chiatry Dobrota in Kotor is the only hospital in
Montenegro that hospitalizes patients against
their will - by type of involuntary hospitaliza-
tion, and the average length of hospital treatment
of currently hospitalized patients is 9.7 years, due
to a large number of forensic and chronic (social)
patients. This hospital accounts for around 850-
900 hospitalizations a year and for around 4000
examinations of outpatients. During previous year,
there were 106 voluntary hospitalizations, while
the number of involuntary hospitalizations was
43. An average number of patients who are perma-
nent ‘residents’ of the hospital is 110. For some of
them the need for hospital treatment has ceased,
but they continue to occupy hospital capacities be-
cause they have no family to take care of them and
our Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare has no
other solution for their permanent allocation and
accommodation. The only legally prescribed solu-
tion is transferring such patients to a social care
facility (Nursing Home or institution for people
with intellectual disabilities), yet it is rarely imple-
mented in practice.
According to latest available figures, there were
22 psychiatrists, 6 neuropsychiatrists and 2 phy-
sicians specializing in psychiatry employed in
outpatient health care services in Montenegro.
There were also 17 psychologists and clinical psy-
chologists, one defectologist, four speech thera-
pists, two senior social workers and six graduate
sociologists. In the hospital services, there were
16 psychiatrists, 15 psychiatry specialists and 11
neuropsychiatrists. When it comes to health asso-
ciates employed in hospital health care in Monte-
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negro, there were 10 psychologists, 7 defectolo-
gists, 1 speech therapist, 4 senior social workers
and one graduate sociologist.
The geographical distribution of public health
care centers in Montenegro that exist in 18 munic-
ipalities (while in 3 municipalities there are only
health care stations) is a very favorable basis for
the relatively easy and wide availability of profes-
sional assistance to all persons with mental health
problems throughout the country, on the basis of
communal psychiatry. 1By resolving the above ob-
stacles, as well as through clear commitment to fur-
ther strengthening of the capacity and role of men-
tal health centers, it is possible to achieve the goal
- Establishment of Network of available and quality
community mental health services. It is important
to emphasize that a significant part of the essential
activities of the concept of communal psychiatry
in the field of psychosocial rehabilitation methods
was not covered by the basic package of services,
which made their implementation impossible. A
positive step was made by expanding the package
of services of mental health centers through add-
ing services - assertive community mental health
teams, with role of carrying out home visits and
Human resources in mental health
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only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
interventions in the beneficiary’s/patient’s apart-
ment.The current situation with regard to mental
health treatment of children in Montenegro is not
favorable for this population group, because de-
spite the fact that in the last years the first special-
izations in the field of child psychiatry have been
announced, the outpatient treatment of children
and adolescents is carried out in Clinical Center in
Montenegro, currently administered exclusively
by a psychiatrist for adults. Mental health centers
within public health centers offer mental health
care and treatment services for children aged 15
and above, provided by professionals employed in
these services, who, however, are the specialists in
adult psychiatry, while child psychology specialists
in these services are not included. There is also a
network of Youth Counseling Centers, which focus
their activities on young people aged 15 and over.
There is no capacity for hospital treatment of
children and young people, but all pediatric and
adolescent patients who are in need of hospital
treatment are referred for treatment in special sta-
tionary institutions in countries in the surround-
ing area.There is a clear need for specialists in
child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology, as
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well as the need to establish the capacity for hos-
pital treatment of children and young people with
mental health disorders. Day care centers for chil-
dren and youth with disabilities were established
in many municipalities - Bijelo Polje, Niksic, Plje-
vlja, Herceg Novi, Plav, Ulcinj, Berane, Cetinje, Mo-
jkovac, Rozaje and Podgorica. In Bijelo Polje there
is also the Center for Support to Children and Fam-
ily. When it comes to the treatment of pervasive
mental illnesses, a positive shift has been made by
foundation of the Center for Autism in Podgori-
ca within the Clinical Center of Montenegro, in
the first quarter of 2018. Given that it is a center
that has recently started its operations, actual re-
sults of its work are expected in the period ahead.
Legislation
In the part related to legislation and human
rights, positive shift has been achieved with the
enactment and implementation of the Law on
the Protection of Rights of Mentally Ill Persons in
2005, amended in 2013, which has been applied
in Montenegro since 1st January 2006. Besides this
law, the protection of human rights is defined by
other national documents like Constitution, An-
tidiscrimination Law, Law on Healthcare, Law on
Social Welfare and Child Care, Law on Patients’
Rights. Montenegro is also a signatory of numer-
ous international documents concerning the pro-
tection of human rights defined through the UN
Universal Declaration on Human Rights, Europe-
an Convention on the Protection of Human Rights
and Fundamental Freedoms, Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities, UN Convention
on the Rights of the Child, UN Standard Rules on
the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with
Disabilities.
The current Strategy for mental health improve-
ment (2018-2023) identified five priority areas:
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held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
2
Priority 1: Strengthening the role of the Mental
Health Centers within the Public Health Care Cen-
ters; 3Priority 2: Strengthen the capacity of General
hospitals in order to provide care for people with
acute mental disorders, 4Priority 3: Refers to in-
creasing the availability and quality of treatment,
greater professional competence of healthcare
professionals and associates for the treatment of
patients with mental disorders, using medication
and various forms of psychotherapy.
5
Priority 4: Refers to the early identification of
harmful alcohol abuse through the Implemen-
tation of a Screening Program, which should be
carried out by teams of chosen doctors in collab-
oration with the mental health centers within the
public health care centers.
6
Priority 5: Continuation of substitution therapy
for psychoactive substance users in order to re-
duce harm (methadone, buprenorphine). This ac-
tivity will be conducted by mental health centers
within the public health care centers.
References
• Ministry of Health.(2018).Strategy on Improvement of Men-
tal Health of Montenegro 2018-2023. Retrieved from: http://
www.mzdravlja.gov.me/biblioteka/strategije?alphabet=lat
• Tomčuk, Aleksandar.(2018). Situation Analysis Assessment:
Site Monetengro. Project financed by European Comission Un-
der the Horizon 2020https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/
basic_info/screening.htm (Datum pristupa: 30.01.2020)
Tomčuk, Aleksandar. (2018). Situation Analysis Assessment:
Site Monetengro.
• Ministry of Health.(2018).Strategy on Improvement of Men-
tal Health of Montenegro 2018-2023
• Ministry of Health.(2018).Strategy on Improvement of Men-
tal Health of Montenegro 2018-2023
• Ministry of Health.(2018).Strategy on Improvement of Men-
tal Health of Montenegro 2018-2023
• Ministry of Health.(2018).Strategy on Improvement of Men-
tal Health of Montenegro 2018-2023
• Ministry of Health.(2018).Strategy on Improvement of Men-
tal Health of Montenegro 2018-2023
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
| Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
| PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 Prevencija povreda i nasilja - kratak osvrt

Svetlana Stojanović
Ministartsvo zdravlja Crne Gore
Značajna oblast djelovanja u oblasti javnog ternacionalnom i globalnom nivou.
zdravlju u cilju smanjenja broja smrtnih slučaje- Sradnja na globalnom i nacionalnom nivou i
va i povreda kako na nacionalnom tako i na regio- saradnja sa vladama je veoma značajna, jer ključ
nalnom i globalnom nivou je prevencija povreda uspjeha prevencije povreda i nasilja[2] je u mul-
i nasilja. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (SZO) tidisciplinarnom, multisektorskom i multitemats-
[1] je na globalnom nivou partner zemljama člani- kom pristupu, primjeni naučnih metoda i naučnih
cama i sistemu Ujedinjenih nacija, međunarodnim rezultata iz više oblasti, primjeni najnovijih
organizacijama, civilnom društvu, fondacijama, medicinskih i tehnoloških dostignuća, koji pred-
univerzitetima i istraživačkim institucijama u cil- stavljaju nezaobilazni element svih aktivnosti u
ju implementacije mjera i aktivnosti definisanih cilju efikasnijeg mapiranja problema, definisanja
strateških dokumenta zasnovanim na naučnim najefikasnijeg rješenja, monitoringa i evaluacije
činjenicama. preduzetih mjera.
Ova veoma kompleksna oblast, zahtijeva sarad- U skladu sa prethodno navedenim, SZO sa svo-
nju na svim nivoima, saradnju sa pojedincima, jim partnerima, pored redovnoh sastanaka i kon-
saradnju u okviru porodice, zajednice, opštine, ferencija, sprovodi globalne kampanje prevencije
regije, saradnju na nacionalnom, regionalnom, in- povreda i nasilja, koje imaju za cilj podići svijest

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573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
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European Commission. | http://www.udg.edu.me
This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
the information contained therein | PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
o veličini problema i naglasiti ključnu ulogu koju definisalo i realizovalo efiksano rješenje. Takva
javno zdravstvo treba imati u rješavanju uzroka istraživanja koja su do sada radjena u kontinu-
i posljedica, kao i obezbjedjivanju koordinisanog itetu, prepoznala su nekoliko tematskih cjelina
međunarodnog odgovora, preko platforme SZO koje su dominantno sastavni dio globalne agen-
za razmjenu i korišćenje resursa zasnovanih na
dokazima i primjerima dobre prakse.
U strateškim dokumentima SZO, definisani su
ciljevi i smjernice koje su rezultirale, pored os-
talog, setom publikacija, globalnih i regionalnih
izvještaja, tematskih smjernica i vodiča, tehničkih
paketa, tematskih flajera i postera, sve u cilju pos-
tizanja u skladu sa sistemskim pristupom, efi-
kasne implementacije do tada potvrdjenih mjera
i aktivnosti iz ove oblasti, boljoj dijagnostici, tret-
manu i saniranju posledica. Kako prevencija povre-
da i nasilja ima izuzetno kompleksnu strukturu
zbog povezanosti i uzročnosti njihovog nastanka
i prirode, ispreplijetanosti rizičnih faktora, zahti-
jeva se kompleksan i višedimenzionalan sistems-
ki pristup sa uključivanjem brojnih subjekata,
predstavnika različitih sektora, nivoa upravljanja,
raznorodnih profesija i pružaoca različitih servi-
sa/usluga. Ovaj pristup je rezultat činjenice da se
nasilje ne smatra samo značajnim problemom jav-
nog zdravlja, već je to i pitanje ljudskih prava i
razvoja čovječanstva.
Nasilje rezultira ogromnim brojem smrtnih
slučajeva, prema podacima SZO, 1.4 miliona go-
dišnje ( ubistva i samoubistva čine 80% ), ali još
većim brojem povrijedjenih i onih koje pate od
niza tjelesnih, seksualnih, reproduktivnih i mental-
nih problema. Nasilje i njegove posledice stvaraju
ogromne gubitke nacionalnim ekonomijama, koje
se mjere milijardama američkih dolara, stvara-
jući zemljama troškove u zdravstvenim sistemima, de, kako po broju subjekata koji učestvuju u za-
implementaciji zakona i izgubljenoj produktiv- govaračkim aktivnostima i tako i po preduzetim
nosti. U cilju mapiranja magnitute i vrste prob- mjerama: prevencija nasilja[3] , prevencija nasilja
lema sprovode se istraživanja i ankete kako bi se nad ženama[4] , prevencija zlostavljanja djece[5]

European Commission Erasmus+ Project: | PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja

573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
This project has been funded with support from the | Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
European Commission. | http://www.udg.edu.me
This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
the information contained therein | PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
, zdravlje i starenje[6] , nasilja medju mladima[7]
, prevenciji utapanja[8] , prevenciji povreda u
drumskom saobraćaju[9] i druge.
Saobraćajne nezgode, kao prvi uzrok smrtnosti
na globalnom nivou djece i mladih, starosne dobi
od 5 do 29 godina, rezultiraju smrću oko 1,35 mil-
iona ljudi širom svijeta svake godine i između 20
i 50 miliona ljudi sa teškim posljedicama. Posto-
ji niz faktora koji povećavaju rizik nastanka sao-
braćajnih nezgoda i rizik od smrti ili povreda, koje
je moguće kontrolisati i samom tim spriječiti nas-
tanak povreda.
Istraživanja su radjenja na Globalnom nivou u
koordinaciji Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije u
skladu sa jedinstvenom SZO metodologijiom u
cilju postizanja uporedivisti podataka na naciona-
lnom, regionalnom i globalnom novu za sve zem-
lje učesnice. Rezultati istraživanja publikovani u
Globalnim izvještajima, po prvi put u tom obimu,
na globalnom nivou prikazuju setove struktu-
iranih podatke o povredama i nasilju i daju pre-
gled postojećih strateških dokumenta i zakonske
regulative, preduzetih mjera i aktivnosti od strane
zemalja članica. Podaci prikazani u izvještajima su
zvanično dostavljeni od strane relevantnih nacio-
Prikaz broja smrtnih slučajeva u saobraćajnim nezgodama (izvor MONSTAT [25]) i broja
suicida (izvor Uprava Policije[26] ) u Crnoj Gori za period od 2004do 2019. godine
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This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
nalnih institucija/ustanova u formi draft odgov-
ora zemlje, obradjeni od tima experata Svjetske
zdravstvene oragnizacije i na kraju validirani od
strane vlade, zemlje učesnice.
Globalni izvještaji pored uporednih analiza po-
jedinih podata i primjera dobre prakse sadrže
pojedinačne prikaze profila svake zemlje. Do
sada, pored prethodno navedenih ( reference 3, 4,
5, 6 i 7), publikovana su četiri Globalna izvjesta-
ja o stanju bezbjednosti na putevima, 2009[10] ,
2013[11] , 2015[12] i četvrti[13] , 2019. godine.
Generalna skupština UN zvanično je marta 2010,
izglasala dokument, Dekada akcije za bezbjednost
na putevima 2011-2020[14] , u cilju spašavanja
miliona života izgradnjom kapaciteta stavlajući
akcenat na upravljanje bezbednošću na putevima,
poboljšanjem bezbjednosti putne infrastructure,
unapredjenjem bezbjednosti vozila, poboljšanjem
odgovora hitne medicinsku pomoći, tretmana li-
ječenja i rehabilitacije, sistema evidencija i izv-
ještavanja relevantnih podataka, i postizanja bez-
bejdnog saobraćajnog okruženja.
U skladu sa rezolucijama UN relevantnim
za ovu temu i Agendom Globalnih ciljeva održivog
razvoja 2030[15] , postavljeni su novi globalni cil-
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| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
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jevi, do 2030 smanjenje za 50% smrtnih slučaje- bitaka i eliminisanja rizičnih faktora[20] . Efikas-
va i povreda, a do 2050 ostvarenje „zero“ vizije, nost, prilagodlivost i modularnost SZO-je možemo
nula povreda u saobraćaju i eliminacija svih oblika vidjeti na primjeru reagovanja u slučaju postojeće
nasilja. U Strategiji Crne Gore za poboljšnja bezb- COVID-19 pandemije, gdje je SZO za veoma kratko
jednosti u drumskom saobraćaju 2010-2019[16] , vrijeme posle objavljivanja pandemije, publikovala
definisani kratkoročni i dugoročni ciljevi, su bili u materijal sa instrukcijama koji se odnosi na zaštitu
skladu sa globalnim programskim dokumentima iz djece tokom COVID-19 pandemije[21], prevenciju
ove oblasti, što je slučaj i sa važećim strateškim do- zlostavljanja žena[22] , zlostavljanja na radnom
kumentom, Programom poboljšanja bezbjednosti mejstu-zlostavlajnje zdravstvenih radnika[23] ,
u drumskom saobracaju 2020-2022. godine[17]. kao i posebne preporuke za roditeljstvo tokom ove
U oblasti prevencije nasilja na naconalnom nivou pandemije[24] .
primijenjen je holistički pristup problemu, pri
čemu su definisani ciljevi nacionalnih strateških
dokumenata, takodje u skladu sa globalnim pro-
gramskim ciljevima i ciljevima održivog razvoja,
postizanja nulte tolerancije prema svim oblici-
ma nasilja, i stvaranja bezbjednog okruženja bez
nasilja za sve, sa posebnim osvrtom na nasilje
nad djecom[18] , ženama, porodično nasilje[19]
, nasiljen nad starim osobama i nasilje nad vulen-
rabilnom grupama.
Uzimajući u obzir rezultate istarživanja, da
nasilje i povrede izazivaju velike gubitke, nastale
usled smrtnih ishoda i teških povreda, uzimajući
u obzir, kako trenutne, tako i dugoročne posle-
dice na zdravlje djece i reproduktivno zdravlje
žena, zdravlje strih osoba, posledice koje izaziva
izlozenost bilo kom obliku nasilja, gubici se na
globalnom nivou računaju u milionima života, de-
setinama miliona povrijedjenih sa privremenim
ili trajnim invaliditetima i deformitetima, dodat-
no uzimajuci u obzir i patnju, možemo reci da
su posledoce ogromne i nedopustive. Stoga, SZO
preduzima sve mjere u cilju animiranja zemalja
članica da učestvuju u aktivnostima prevencije
povreda i nasilja, da izradjuju i implememtiraju
strategije na osnovu dokaza, donose mjere i pred-
vidjaju aktivnosti na osnovu egzaktnih podataka
u cilju što efikasnijeg reagovanja i smanjenja gu-
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573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
This project has been funded with support from the | Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
European Commission. | http://www.udg.edu.me
This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
the information contained therein | PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 References
• https://www.who.int/
• https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/en/
• https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/vio-
lence/status_report/2014/en/
• https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/
violence/en/
• Evropski izvještaj o prevenciji zlostavljanja djece,
SZO, http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/
pdf_file/0019/217018/European-Report-on-Prevent-
ing-Child-Maltreatment.pdf
• https://www.who.int/publications-detail/world-report-
on-ageing-and-health
• https://www.who.int/publications-detail/prevent-
ing-child-maltreatment-a-guide-to-taking-action-and-gen-
erating-evidence
• https://www.who.int/publications-detail/global-re-
port-on-drowning-preventing-a-leading-killer
• https://www.who.int/health-topics/road-safe-
ty#tab=tab_1
• https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/han-
dle/10665/44122/9789241563840_eng.pdf;jsession-
id=510E60A75D54759 8C224D1FEBD67DB7E?se-
quence=1
• https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_
safety_status/2013/en/
• https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_
safety_status/2015/en/
• https://www.who.int/publications-detail/global-status-
report-on-road-safety-2018
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
• http://www.who.int/roadsafety/decade_of_action/en/
index.html
• https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustain-
able-development-goals/
• Strategiji za poboljšnja bezbjednosti u drumskom sao-
braćaju 2010-2019, Ministarstvo unutrašnjih poslova,
2009
• Programom za poboljšanje bezbjednosti u drumskom
saobracaju 2020-2022, Ministarstvo unutrašnjih poslova,
2019
• http://www.mrs.gov.me/biblioteka/strategije, Strate-
gija za prevenciju i zaštitu djece od nasilja sa akcionim
planom 2017-2021, Ministarstvo rada i socijalnog staranja
• http://www.mrs.gov.me/biblioteka/strategije, Strategija
zaštite od nasilja u porodici 2016-2020, Ministarstvo rada
i socijalnog staranja
• https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/en/
• https://www.end-violence.org/protecting-children-
during-covid-19-outbreak
• https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/han-
dle/10665/331699/WHO-SRH-20.04-eng.pdf?ua=1
• https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/vio-
lence/workplace/en/
• https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coro-
navirus-2019/advice-for-public/healthy- parenting
• MONSTAT, https://www.monstat.org/cg/page.
php?id=36&pageid=36
• Uprava Policije Crne Gore, http://www.mup.gov.me/upra-
vapolicije/naslovna
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
| Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
| PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 PREVENCIJA I REHABILITACIJA KARDIOVASKULARNIH BOLESTI
Tijana Lučić
Tara d.o.o Trebinje
Kardiovaskularne bolesti (KVB) danas su sve
rasprostranjenije, pri čemu poprimaju razmjere
globalne epidemije. Vodeći su uzrok obolijevan-
ja u svijetu, radne nesposobnosti, apsentizma
i prevremene smrtnosti do 65 godina starosti.
Savremeni stil života u kome nema dovoljno fizičke
aktivnosti, prepoznat je kao jedan od glavnih fak-
tora rizika za zdravlje i nastanak KVB. Fizička
neaktivnost odgovorna je za loš kvalitet zdravlja,
nepotrebna razbolijevanja i prerano umiranje.
Kardiovaskularne bolesti su bolesti srca i srča-
no-sudovnog sistema, a glavne kliničke mani-
festacije se mogu podijeliti na one koje zahvataju:
srce i srčano-sudovni sistem – koronarna (ishem-
ična) bolest; mozak i moždani krvotok – cerebro-
vaskularna bolest; donje ekstremitete – okluziv-
na bolest perifernih arterija. U osnovi svih ovih
bolesti najčešće je ateroskleroza, odnosno suženje
krvnog suda. Funkcijom srca i srčano-sudovnog
sistema održava se tok krvi potreban za očuvan-
je homeostaze raznih tkiva u tijelu. Krv mora da
prenosi hranljive sastojke iz organa za varenje,
otpadne materije u bubreg, itd. Ipak, najvažni-
je je prenošenje kiseonika i ugljen-dioksida. To
je najhitnija aktivnost, jer se kiseonik ne može
skladištiti, bar ne u pravom smislu, pa snabdije-
vanje ili nedostatak snabdijevanja kiseonikom,
obično predstavlja kritični faktor kod svakog du-
gotrajnog rada. Fizička aktivnost dugo nije bila
priznata u smislu prevencije i rehabilitacije KVB.
Međutim, značajne promjene odigrale su se pos-
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
lednjih godina jer postoje čvrsti dokazi o učinku
primarne i sekundarne prevencije. Utvrđeno je
da fizička aktivnost ima snažan i koristan efekat
po ljudsko zdravlje, naročito u patogenezi bolesti
koje sačinjavaju metabolički sindrom, gdje spada-
ju i KVB. Fizička aktivnost svrstava se u multifak-
torski koncept, koji uz redukciju rizikofaktora,
promjenu životnog stila i medikamentoznu terapi-
ju vodi smanjenju kardiovaskularnog rizika. Kar-
diovaskularne bolesti su sve rasprostranjenije i
predstavljaju veliki socio-medicinski i ekonomski
problem, pri čemu poprimaju razmjere globalne
epidemije. Bolesti srca i moždani udar najveće su
ubice. One su vodeći uzrok obolijevanja u svijetu,
radne nesposobnosti, apsentizma (odsustva s pos-
la) i prevremene smrtnosti do 65. godina starosti.
Početkom XX vijeka na KVB otpadalo je oko 10%
obolijevanja i smrtnosti, a početkom XXI vijeka
procenat se povećao na oko 30%. Posebno zabrin-
java činjenica da se u nerazvijenim zemljama taj
procenat kreće i do 60%, a u zemljama u razvoju
čak do 82% .Prema podacima republičkih zavoda
za statistiku procenat smrtnosti u zemljama regio-
na je vrlo visok i kreće se od 49,6 do 58,4% .
Prema DALY (engl. DALY – Disability
Adjusted Life Years – zbirna mjera koja označava
broj izgubljenih godina života zbog prerane sm-
rti i onesposobljenosti) da je fizička neaktivnost
vodeći faktor rizika nastanka KVB u Srbiji (Tabela
2). Slična slika stanja faktora rizika je i u ostalim
državama regiona.
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
| Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
| PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 Uzročnici rizika na koje se ne može uticati su sta-
rost i pol (muškarci iznad 45 i ţene iznad 55 go-
dina) i pozitivna porodična anamneza (naslijeđe).
Prema podacima Svjetske zdravstvene organizaci-
je (SZO) procjenjuje se da je fizička neaktivnost
uzrok 5‒10% ukupnog mortaliteta u regionu (za-
visno od države) i da dovodi do gubitka 5,3 mil-
iona godina zdravog života godišnje zbog prerane
smrtnosti i smetnji. Podaci za evropski region kao
cjelinu navode da jedna od pet osoba ne praktikuje
nikakvu fizičku aktivnost, kao i da je fizička neak-
tivnost izraženija u istočnom dijelu Evrope . Sa
pozicije savremenog sedanternog čovjeka (homo
sedens), kojeg obilježava hipokinezija, preobilna
ishrana i stres, fizička aktivnost nameće se kao
realna potreba u održanju života. Nesporno je da
hipokinezija u dječjoj dobi šteti biološkom rastu i
razvoju, u odrasloj dobi šteti zdravlju, dok je neak-
tivnost u starijoj dobi najčešće fatalna. Uticaj doz-
irane i sistematske fizičke aktivnosti je višestruka.
Sistematski fizički trening doprinosi poboljšanju
ukupnog biomotoričkog, morfološkog, mentalnog
i fiziološkog stanja. Pomoću fizičke aktivnosti mo-
guće je poboljšanje metaboličkih, periferno-mu-
skularnih, pulmonalnih, kardiovaskularnih funkci-
ja i autonomnog nervnog sistema.
Mehanizmi uticaja fizičke aktivnosti na kardio-
vaskularni sistem ogledaju se u smanjenoj srčanoj
frekvenciji i smanjenom radu simpatikusa, što vodi
redukciji potreba za kiseonikom pri istom naporu
i time ekonomičnijem radu srca. Srce je mišić koji
zahtijeva neprekidnu aktivnost kako bi efikasno
European Commission Erasmus+ Project:
573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This publication [communication] reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of
the information contained therein
pumpalo krv pri svakom srčanom otkucaju. Ispi-
tivanja su pokazala da sve kardiovaskularne boles-
ti imaju koristi od fizičkih aktivnosti, pod uslovom
da je bolest pod kontrolom. Suprotno, fizička neak-
tivnost je značajno povezana sa starenjem srca,
kao i sa prekomjernom tjelesnom težinom, šećer-
nom bolešću i povišenim krvnim pritiskom. Svjets-
ka federacija za srce, zajedno sa svojim članicama,
ističe da se 80% prevremene smrtnosti uslijed
bolesti srca i moždanog udara može spriječiti kon-
trolom faktora rizika. Redovna fizička aktivnost
pomaže da se:
• uspori sužavanje arterija srca i mozga,
• podspiješi korišćenje/potrošnja viška „usk-
ladištenih” masnih naslaga,
• popravi nivo „dobrog” holesterola u krvi,
• održava normalan nivo šećera (glukoza), kon-
trolišući šećernu bolest,
• smanji visok krvni pritisak.
| PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja
Gorica
| Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| http://www.udg.edu.me
| udg@udg.edu.me
| Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
| Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
| PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
 Imajući sve to u vidu SZO je u svojoj rezoluciji 2000. života, jer ona u svim područjima znatno povećava
godine afirmisala fizičku aktivnost kao ključni faktor ukupni kvalitet života. Rizik nastanka komplikacija
u prevenciji i kontroli hroničnih nezaraznih bolesti. u toku fizičke aktivnosti je zanemarljiv, naročito ako
Polazeći od prethodne premise SZO insistira na strate- se kao vid te aktivnosti upražnjava hodanje. Pravilno
giji koja obezbjeđuje nadzor nad epidemijom KVB, a dozirana fizička aktivnost je potpuno bezbjedna za
koja se zasniva na realizaciji: 1. programa sprovođenja većinu ljudi.
zdravog načina života (nepušenje, pravilna ishrana, re-
dovna tjelesna aktivnost). 2. programa prevencije (za
osobe sa povećanim rizikom, rano otkrivanje bolesti i
primjena savremene dijagnostike i terapije). Poseban
doprinos u tom pogledu ostvaruje Svjetski dan srca
manifestacija od opšteg društvenog značaja, koja se
od 2000. svake godine obilježava u cijelom svijetu sa
ciljem da se poveća nivo svijesti stanovništva o tome
da se obolijevanje i umiranje od kardiovaskularnih
bolesti može spriječiti uvođenjem zdravih stilova
života. Na taj način mogu da se produže produktivne
godine života radno aktivnog stanovništva, smanje
troškovi liječenja i ekonomske posljedice. U tom cilju
preporučuje se širok dijapazon različitih aktivnosti,
kao što su šetnja, pješačke ture, trčanje, preskakanje
konopca, fitnes, javne tribine, naučni skupovi, izložbe,
koncerti, sportska takmičenja, itd.
Redovna fizička aktivnost kod mladih vrlo je važna
za njihov rast i razvoj, njihovo zdravlje i sposobnost,
kao i prevenciju razvoja rizičnih uzroka koji utiču
na njihovo zdravlje. Poznato je da je tjelesna aktiv- “FIZIČKA AKTIVNOST MOŽE ZAMIJENITI
nost značajna u prevenciji poremećaja lokomotor- MNOGE LIJEKOVE,
nog aparata, gojaznosti, blage arterijske hipertenzije, ALI NI JEDAN LIJEK NE MOŽE ZAMIJENITI
šećerne bolesti, bolesti disajnog i kardiovaskularnog FIZIČKU AKTIVNOST.”
sistema, u čijoj je osnovi ateroskleroza, prvenstveno
koronarne bolesti srca. Fizička aktivnost daje odlične
rezultate i kad se bolest srca već razvije. Vježbanje pre-
venira i razvoj osteoporoze, a time i preloma kostiju
kod starijih osoba, posebno žena. Posebno je značajno
u borbi protiv depresije, a kod starijih ljudi produža-
va trajanje nezavisnosti od tuđe pomoći. Nikada nije
kasno redovnu fizičku aktivnost usvojiti kao način

European Commission Erasmus+ Project: | PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja

573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
This project has been funded with support from the | Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
European Commission. | http://www.udg.edu.me
This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
the information contained therein | PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net
IMPRESUM:

Onlajn časopis »Sve za zdravlje- Zdravlje za sve«

God. 3, br. 9, maj 2020.god.

Izdaje: Centar za edukaciju u oblasti javnog zdravlja u Crnoj Gori

web: http://ph-elim.net/national-center-for-public-health-education-phedume/

e-mail: newsletter.phelim@gmail.com

Glavni urednik:
Prof. dr Milica Vukotić
Kontakt: office@imtm.me

European Commission Erasmus+ Project: | PROJECT COORDINATOR: University of Donja

573997-EPP-1-2016-1-ME-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Gorica
This project has been funded with support from the | Donja Gorica, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
European Commission. | http://www.udg.edu.me
This publication [communication] reflects the views | udg@udg.edu.me
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be | Tel:+382(0)20 410 777
held responsible for any use which may be made of | Fax:+382(0)20 410 766
the information contained therein | PROJECT WEBSITE:www.ph-elim.net