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Astm C138
Astm C138
2. Subtract the empty container weight from the full container weight (2) - (1) =
weight of concrete (3)
3. Divide the weight of concrete by the known volume (3) / (4) = density, or fresh
unit weight
There are a few unique procedures listed in the ASTM C138 to remember.
Slump
1. If < 1" = Must use vibrator capable of at least 9,000 vibrations per minute
If using vibrator, fill and vibrate measure in two equal layers, not three
Insert vibrator at three different points for each layer approx. 3 inches into the
underlying layer
Yield
Yield is used to determine if the concrete supplier has delivered the amount of concrete
ordered.
For example, if the contractor orders 7 yards and the concrete pour comes short of
filling the structure, a yield test can be performed to determine if 7 yards were actually
delivered. To calculate yield, follow these simple steps. Note that you must calculate
density prior to calculating yield.
You will take the total mass of all materials batched (aggregate, water, cement–this
figure will be given to you on the test) to begin. The total mass of the materials is the
total weight.
a. The yield per batch cu.ft. Total weight / fresh unit weight = yield per batch in
feet
b. The yield per batch in cu.yds. Total weight / (fresh unit weight x 27) = yield per
batch in yards
c. The yield in cu.m. Yield per batch in cu.yards x .764 = yield in cu.meters (1 cu.
yd. = .764 cu. meters. This will not be on the test.)
d. The yield per cubic yard in cu.ft./cu.yd. Yield per batch [result from (a)] /
cu.yds delivered = yield per cu.yd. in cu.ft./cu.yd.
Relative yield is the ratio of the actual volume of concrete obtained to the volume as
designed for the batch. It is understood as a 1:1 ratio. If the relative yield calculates out
to 1.00 or greater, then the yards delivered is equal to or greater than what was
ordered. If it calculates to less than 1.00, then the yards delivered is less than what was
ordered.
Since the theoretical density from the lab has no air, you are comparing that laboratory
weight to the fresh weight which contains air. The air in the fresh weight sample makes
it lighter than the theoretical.
The formula above allows you to subtract the fresh from the theoretical and come up
with a calculated percentage of air content without performing an actual test. For the
ACI test, all that is necessary is to be able to recognize the order of the formula written
above.