TOTAL STATION

INTRODUCTION:
Total station is an electronic/optical instrument mainly applied in construction and civil
engineering field. Angles, distances, co ordinates and many advanced measurements are
accomplished by using trigonometry and triangulation. Downloading and uploading data are
available.

They are used for ;

• Topographic surveys
• Hydrographic surveys
• Cadastral surveys
• Construction surveys

CHARACTERISTICS OF TOTAL STATION INSTRUMENTS:

They combine three basic components :

1. An electronic distance measuring (EDM).
2. An electronic angle measuring component.

PURPOSE AND USES :

 Large and high resolution screen guarantees a clear display.
 Measure up to 100m in the reflector less mode.
 Extended internal memory accepts up to 50000 points.
 Handy EDM head.
 Electronic auto compensator.
 Equipped with advanced measurement programs and practical software.
 Possibility of red laser centering..
 Easy and direct operation with the alphanumeric keyboard and the function keys.
 Long battery life up to 30 hours for angle measurement only.
FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY TOTAL STATION INSTRUMENTS

In addition to providing guidance to the operator, microprocessors of total stations can

perform many different types of computations;
1) averaging of multiple angle and distance measurements
2) correcting electronically measured distances for prism constants, atmospheric
pressure and temperature
3) making curvature and refraction corrections to elevations determined by
trigonometric leveling.
4) calculating point elevations from the vertical distance components

(supplemented with keyboard input of instrument and reflector heights).

 DETERMINATION OF AREA BY USING TOTAL STATION

AIM:
To determine the area of the polygon by using total station.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Total station
2. Prism
3. Stand
4. Prism stand

PROCEDURE:

Select the suitable station point such that all the points of the polygon is visible clearly.

 Place the total station and level it and centre point of the station is noted.

 Take the reference point and set the co-ordination (0, 0, 0).

 Place the prism on the first point and focus it and measure it for getting co-ordinates of

that point.

 Similarly, get the co-ordinates of different points of the polygon.

 Finally, place the prism at the first point and measure it for complete closed polygon.

 Go to graphical view and see the polygon.

Go to calculation → 2d → area and get area of the polygon.

 FLOW CHART:

Level it

↓
Change it mode
e it made B B

SSfunction
function

↓
Set the co-ordinates (0,0,0) on reference point
Set the co-ordinates (0,0,0) on refernce point

↓
Place the prism
the priam at point
at point 1 1

↓
Focus
cus it and
it and measure
measure

↓
Similarly,
ilarly for do
allfor
theallpoint
the point andco-ordinates
and get get co-ordinates

, Finally,
place theplace the prism
prism at firstatpoint
first point for closed
for closed polygon
polygon

↓
Calculation→
Calculation → 2D
2D →
→Area
area