The College of Maasin

“Nisi Dominus Frustra”

Maasin City

TEACHING GUIDE
in
PHYSICAL SCIENCES

CM Vision: The College of Maasin as a dynamic learning institution commits its life, resources and
ministry towards the development of persons, nurtured by faith in God through the liberating process
of holistic and excellent learning and creative action for social renewal.

CM Mission: The College of Maasin, with the dynamic integration of instruction, research and
extension, commits itself in seeking a life of faith, learning and action to develop people into
becoming God-loving citizens, intellectually competent and honest, morally and ethically sensitive,
excellent in work performance, creatively aware and responsive to the needs and aspirations of
people for the realization of a just, free and responsible social order.

TOPIC/LESSON NAME Cosmic Origin of Elements

CONTENT STANDARDS
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
The learner demonstrates understanding of the
formation of the elements during the Big Bang, during
stellar evolution, and during star explosion
Make a creative representation of the historical
development of the atom or the chemical element in a
timeline
The learner...

1. give evidence for and explain the formation of

the elements after the big bang and during star
formation and evolution.

SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Define the term isotope.

2. Write the nuclear fusion reactions that take
place in stars, which lead to the formation of
new elements
3. Describe how elements heavier than iron are
formed.
TIME ALLOTMENT 180 minutes
PREPARED BY BERNAGEM T. TENIO

PROCEDURE
INTRODUCTION
 Pose the following statements. Call two to three students to express their ideas about the
statements.
Most astronomers believe that the universe began in a big bang about 14 billion years ago.
This is referred as the big bang theory.
 Refresh their concepts they have on Big Bang Theory through introducing first the proponent
and his contributions. Then allow students to share those ideas.
MOTIVATION
 Let the students create a timeline from the day they were born (things that they only
remember) up to the present.

A Star is Born

Important Important Important Important Important

event event event event event

 Lead the students to arrive at the idea that their development from birth up to the present is
similar to how a star forms and evolves. Allow them to express their ideas on this
comparison.

INSTRUCTION
 Let the class watch a video about the formation and evolution of a star such as the one
found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80eMTnnLjhs. Ask the students to describe
what happens during star formation and evolution based on the video.
 Based on what was discussed on star formation and evolution, have the students describe
how many elements are formed. Conduct a guided discussion on the sequence of nuclear
fusions that take place in stars.

SEQUENCE

Big Bang Stellar Formation and

Stellar Explosion
Nucleosynthesis Evolution

 Pose a diagram of the life cycle of stars to let the students better understand the concept of
star formation and evolution. Allow them to interpret the diagram, but correct their answers
accordingly.

PRACTICE
 The students will be doing Love of Lab on page 20A.
ENRICHMENT
 Reading of a related text: The Cosmic Connection (Outside of class)
Have learners read Carl Sagan’s The Cosmic Connection and answer the following guide
questions:
1. Find the meanings of the underlined words in the passage.
2. Astrology and astronomy both deal with the stars and planets. List at least three
differences between them.
3. Why did human beings invent astrology? How do we know astrology is not a real study?
4. How does science say we are connected with the universe?
5. Carl Sagan, the author of the essay, famously says in Paragraph 16, “We are made of
star stuff.” What do you think he meant by that?

EVALUATION
I. Modified True or False: If the statement is true, write True. Else, replace the
underlined portion with the correct word or phrase.
a. A star gets lighter as time goes on.
b. Most of the heaviest elements were formed in main-sequence stars.
c. The heavy elements in a star are found in its core.
d. In stellar nucleosynthesis, heavier elements are formed from combining lighter ones.

II. Draw an explain how a star is born and dies. (30 pts)