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D & F (Q 6, 7 & 8, P 1) 2005: Ifferentiation Unctions Aper
D & F (Q 6, 7 & 8, P 1) 2005: Ifferentiation Unctions Aper
2005
x+5
6 (a) Let g ( x) = , x ∈ R.
2
Find g(0) + g(2).
6 (b)
The Δx approach: The h approach:
1. y = 3 x − x 2 1. f ( x) = 3 x − x 2
2. y + Δy = 3( x + Δx) − ( x + Δx) 2 2. f ( x + h) = 3( x + h) − ( x + h) 2
⇒ y + Δy = 3 x + 3(Δx) − x 2 − 2 x(Δx) − (Δx) 2 ⇒ f ( x + h) = 3 x + 3h − x 2 − 2 xh − h 2
dy
CONSTANT RULE: If y = Constant ⇒ =0
dx
dy du
MULTIPLY BY A CONSTANT RULE: If y = cu, where c is a constant and u is a function of x, = c× .
dx dx
f ( x) = x 2 + px + 10
⇒ f ′( x) = 2 x + p × 1 + 0 = 2 x + p
6 (c) (ii)
To find the turning point which you are told is a dy
Turning Point ⇒ =0 ....... 6
minimum, put f ′( x) = 0. dx
f ′( x) = 0 ⇒ 2 x + p = 0
You are told that this minimum is at x = 3.
∴ 2(3) + p = 0 ⇒ 6 + p = 0 ⇒ p = −6
6 (c) (iii) C
STEPS TO FINDING THE EQUATION OF A TANGENT, T, T
AT A POINT (x1, y1), ON THE CURVE, C
(x1, y1)
STEPS
dy
1. Differentiate the equation of the curve: .
dx
⎛ dy ⎞
2. Substitute x1 in for x to find the slope of the tangent: ⎜ ⎟
⎝ dx ⎠ x = x1
3. Find the point of contact (x1, y1) by substituting x1 into the equation of
the curve to find y1.
4. Find the equation of the line of the tangent using formula 4.
dy
1. y = f ( x) = x 2 − 6 x + 10 ⇒ = 2x − 6
dx
⎛ dy ⎞
2. ⎜ ⎟ = 2(0) − 6 = −6 ⇒ m = −6
⎝ dx ⎠ x =0
3. Point of contact is (0, 10) = (x1, y1).
4. y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
⇒ y − 10 = −6( x − 0)
⇒ y − 10 = −6 x
⇒ 6 x + y − 10 = 0
7 (a) Differentiate 9 + 3 x − 5 x 2 with respect to x.
(c) A car begins to slow down at p in order to stop at a red traffic light at q.
q p
dy
CONSTANT RULE: If y = Constant ⇒ =0
dx
dy du
MULTIPLY BY A CONSTANT RULE: If y = cu, where c is a constant and u is a function of x, = c× .
dx dx
y = 9 + 3x − 5 x 2
dy
⇒ = 0 + 3 ×1 − 5 × 2 x
dx
dy
⇒ = 3 − 10 x
dx
6 (b) (i)
y = (3 x 2 − 2)( x 2 + 4) THE PRODUCT RULE: If y = u × v then:
du dy dv du
=u +v
u = (3 x 2 − 2) ⇒ = 3× 2x − 0 = 6x dx dx dx
....... 2
dx
dv
v = ( x 2 + 4) ⇒ = 2x + 0 = 2x
dx
dy dv dv
∴ = u + v = (3 x 2 − 2)(2 x) + ( x 2 + 4)(6 x)
dx dx dx
dy
⇒ = 6 x3 − 4 x + 6 x3 + 24 x = 12 x3 + 20 x
dx
7 (b) (ii)
u
du THE QUOTIENT RULE: If y = then:
x2 u = x2 ⇒ = 2x v
y= dx
x −1 v
du
−u
dv
dv dy dx dx
v = x −1 ⇒ =1 = ....... 3
dx v2
dx
du dv
v −u
dx = ( x − 1)(2 x) − x (1)
2
dy dx
=
dx v2 ( x − 1) 2
dy 2 x 2 − 2 x − x 2
⇒ =
dx ( x − 1) 2
dy x 2 − 2 x
⇒ =
dx ( x − 1) 2
⎛ dy ⎞ (3) 2 − 2(3) 9 − 6
⇒⎜ ⎟ = =
⎝ dx ⎠ x =3 ((3) − 1)
2
( 2) 2
⎛ dy ⎞ 3
⇒⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ dx ⎠ x =3 4
7 (c) (i)
Draw up a s, v, a table as shown on the right. ds
v= ...... 8
You are asked to calculate the speed v at t = 0 seconds. dt
v = 12 − 3t = 12 − 3(0) = 12 m/s
dv
a= ...... 9
dt
7 (c) (ii)
When the car stops its speed v is zero. Put the speed
equation equal to zero and solve for t. s = 12t − 32 t 2
v = 12 − 3t ⇒ 0 = 12 − 3t ds
v= = 12 − 32 × 2t = 12 − 3t
⇒ 3t = 12 dt
∴t = 4 s a=
dv
= 0 − 3 = −3
dt
7 (c) (iii)
It takes 4 s to stop. Put t = 4 in the distance s equation.
s = 12t − 32 t 2
⇒ s = 12(4) − 32 (4) 2
⇒ s = 48 − 32 (16)
⇒ s = 48 − 24
∴ s = 24 m
1
8 Let f ( x) = , x ∈ R , x ≠ 1.
x −1
(iv) Use your graphs to estimate the values of x for which f (x) = g(x).
(v) Find, using algebra, the values of x for which f (x) = g(x).
SOLUTION
8 (i)
1
f ( x) =
x −1
1 1
f (−3) = = − = −0.25
(−3) − 1 4
1 1
f (−1.5) = =− = −0..4
(−1.5) − 1 2.5
1 1
f (0.5) = =− = −2
(0.5) − 1 0.5
1 1
f (1.5) = = =2
(1.5) − 1 0.5
1 1
f (5) = = = 0.25
(5) − 1 4
8 (ii) STEPS
1. Find the gap first by putting the bottom of the function equal to
zero and solving for x.
2. Find other values of f (x) by putting in values of x as given in the
domain.
3. Plot these points by joining up smoothly and continuing towards
the vertical line but never touching it.
8 (iv)
Find out where the two graphs intersect and read off the x values.
You can see that x = 1.4 and x = −1.4.
8 (v)
1
f ( x) = g ( x) ⇒ = x + 1 [Multiply across by ( x −1). ]
x −1
⇒ 1 = ( x + 1)( x − 1) [Multiply out the brackets.]
⇒ 1 = x2 − 1
⇒ 2 = x2
⇒x=± 2
f (x)
3
1
-1.4
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1.4
-1
-2
x=1