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11/29/2019

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Lesson 1:
Edgar Dale’s
Cone of
Experience
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EDGAR DALE
•1900 – 1985
• American educator
•Cone of Experience,

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Lesson Outcomes:

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1. Familiarized with Dale’s Cone of Experience and provided classroom processes or 
practices that exemplify each strata of the Cone of Experience.
2. Provided examples of the various instructional materials appropriate for given
instructional contexts.

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1946

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Matter 
Method
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Media

Motivation

Mastery
•A pictorial device
that presents
bands of experience
arranged according
to degree of
abstraction and not
degree of difficulty.

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Milieu

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M’s of 
Teaching
Measurement

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J Direct These are first‐hand experiences 
Purposeful that serves as the foundation of 
Experiences our learning.

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Contrived
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These are “edited” copies of reality 
and are used as substitute for real 
things when it is not practical or not 

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Experiences possible to bring or do the real thing 
in the classroom. 
These are commonly used as 
Dramatized activities that allows students to 
Experiences actively participate in a reconstructed 
experience.

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Demonstration
J It is an actual execution 
of a procedure or a 
process. 

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Study Trips
These are actual visits to certain 
locations to observe a situation 
or a case which may not be 
available inside the classroom.

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Exhibits
JThese are displays that 
provide the message or 
information.
Television
and Motion
Pictures
This technology equipment 
provide a two‐dimensional 
reconstruction of a reality.

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Still Pictures,
Recordings,
Radio

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Picture ‐ an artifact that depicts 
visual perception, that resembles a 
subject.
Recordings – Speech or music that 
have been recorded  to be listened 
to later.
Visual
Symbols
These are more abstract 
representations of the 
concept or the 
information. 

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Verbal
Symbols
This category appears to be the 
most abstract because they 
may not exactly look like the 
concept or object they 
represent but are symbols, 
words, codes, or formulae. 

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Implications of the Cone of Experience in the 
teaching‐learning process:
We do not use only one medium of communication in 
isolation.

We avoid teaching directly at the symbolic level of 
thought without adequate foundation of the concrete.

When teaching, we don’t get stuck in the concrete. 
Stages of
Representation

Enactive
A series of 
Iconic
A series of 
illustrations 
Symbolic
A series of 
symbols.

or icons.
action.

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