Technical College of Engineering

Department of Petrochemical
COURSE: Polymer

Name of Experiment :Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of

Transparent Liquids (The Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) D445

Submitted by: Bayar Shawkat

Stage : 3
Group : B
Experiment No: 2
Date of experiment: 15/2/2020

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EVALUATION

Activity During Experiment & Procedure

Data & Results

Discussion, Conclusion & Answer to the Questions

Neat and tidy report writing

Overall Mark
 Objective
➢ To determine the kinematic viscosity of petroleum product (Oil)
➢ To calculate the kinematic viscosity using time and tube constant.

Introduction
Viscosity is a measure of a Fluid’s resistance to flow.[1] Viscosity of
often referred to as the thickness of a fluid. You can think of water
(low viscosity) and honey (high viscosity).[2] and there are two kinds
of viscosity commonly reported, kinematic and dynamic. Dynamic
viscosity is the relationship between the shear stress and the shear rate
in a fluid. The Kinematic viscosity is the relationship between viscous
and inertial forces in a fluid.[3]
There are many ways to Measure Viscosity
1. Zahn Cup
2. Falling Sphere Viscometer
3. Vibrational Viscometer
4. Capillary Viscometer [4]

Apparatus and equipment

1-. Viscometer holder.

2- viscometer
3- Temperature control bath.
4- Temperature controller.
5- Temperature measuring device.
6- Timing device. [5]
 Procedure
1- Adjust and maintain the viscometer bath at a required test temperature.
2- Select a clean, dry, calibrated viscometer having a range
covering the estimated kinematic viscosity (that is, a wide capillary for a
very viscous liquid and a narrower capillary for a more fluid liquid). The
flow time shall not be less than 200 s.
3- Charge the viscometer and draw the test portion into the working
capillary and timing
bulb, place rubber stoppers into the tubes to hold the test portion in place,
and insert the viscometer into the bath.
4- Allow the viscometer to reach bath temperature (10 – 15 minutes).
5- Remove the stopper from capillary arm and allow the sample flowing
freely, measure, in seconds to within 0.1 s, the time required for the
meniscus to pass from the first (E) to the second (F) timing mark, (the flow
time should not be less than 200 s).
6- Find the viscometer constant from the table and calculate the kinematic
viscosity of the sample. [5]

Calculation
V = C.t
When:
C =is tube constant (mm2/s)
t = is time of flow (sec)

C upper = 0.17020 mm2/s C lower = 0.22977 mm2/s

1-at room temperature (18 C).

t upper = 5.29 min
t lower= 4.04 min
 V (upper) = 0.17020*(5.29*60) =54.021 cst
V (lower) = 0.22977*(4.04*60) =55.696 cst

54.021 + 55.696
𝑽. 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = = 54.860 𝑐𝑠𝑡
2

2-at temperature (36 C).

t upper = 4.35 min

t lower = 3.34 min

V (upper) = 0.17020*(4.35*60) =44.897 cst

V (lower) = 0.22977*(3.34*60) =46.045 cst

44.897 + 46.045
𝑽. 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = = 45.471 𝑐𝑠𝑡
2

Discussion
in this experiment we calculate the viscosity of oil in a different temperatures
by using a viscometer and our sample was oil to know the relationship
between temperature and viscosity ,we have five factors that effect the
viscosity, and one of them it is a temperature ,therefore the relationship
between temperature and viscosity it is inversely proportional or we can say
as much as temperature increase the viscosity will decrease
 ANSWER A QUESTIONS:
1. for crude oil : to determine the crude oil capacity to flow through pipe
line, for example to transfer a crude oil from a country to country.
for lubricating oil: to decreasing the friction between two bodies ,for
example the cylinders and the walls moves into an engine
for fuel oil: to determine the capacity to ignite perfectly during Difficult
conditions , for example cold countries and the relationship between
viscosity and temperature is inversely.

2.For Liquids viscosity: as much as temperature increase the viscosity of

liquid will decrease ,For Gas Viscosity: as much as the temperature
increase the gas viscosity will increase because the number of gas
molecules collide will increase.

3.Viscosity Index (VI): is an arbitrary scale used to show the magnitude

of viscosity changes in lubricating oils with changes in temperature. Oils
with low VI have high dependence of viscosity change on temperature.
Oils with high VI number will still while changing temperature

4.Put viscometer in the fluid until it reaches the upper line of viscometer ,
record the time from the upper line till lower, Use this equation to
determine (C) ( V = C.t )

References
[1]. https://www.princeton.edu/~gasdyn/Research/T-C_Research_Folder/Viscosity_def.html
[2]. https://www.rheosense.com/what-is-viscosity
[3]. https://www.neutrium.net/fluid_flow/viscosity
[4]. https://www.cscscientific.com/csc-scientific-blog/how-can-i-measure-viscosity
[5]. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ayySRoy_Hyj2-k7l5vv5SA9Ddcvg5Ye3/view