A human-centred approach to ship & system design

IF ECYCLE
Identify need • Build / buy / charter
• Class
L sp onsib
le stakeh
old

DE
Re ers

SIG
Owner / Operator • Flag

N
• Ship Management • Automation
FE
SA UCT

&B
ND E
• Crew Management
Pro
Environment: jec
CO F TH
• Manning levels

UILD
t
Inte Mana

• Crew nationality • Weather • Crew capabilities

gra ger,
tor
O HIP
S
• Sea conditions • Training specification
• Temperature

USE
• Humidity Master

• Light
M itigating

r
tegrato

DEVEL
• Noise
s, In
Owner SA
DEL FE & T
• Vibration • System ergonomic requirements IVER IME
Y LY

OP
CAR OF TH
Define concept • Operational role • Ship movement • Human v technology er
at
or GO E

• Operating pattern Op

Su
Owner / Operator

tor nt,
• Trading routes

pe Mas
era de

rin te
NE

Op inten
• Political & economic constraints

te r
Project

nd
ED

r
pe

en
Manager,

• Cost

t,
Su
Integrator
RT
• Fuel economy Liveware:
DI
SP
OS DEVEL ATE A recent SU
PP
O

OP / DESIGN / UPD
Context of use: • The human element E
business mantra
• Business • Personal capabilities & limitations MAINTAIN
• Task Human factors: runs “If you are not
• User • Job, person, organisation & management managing risk, you are
Define Class notation: • Software
risk to

Human-human interactions: managing the wrong thing”. System

• Type • Hardware • Management
requirements • Special features • Organisational environment • Supervision engineering is the process by which
Operator / • Service restrictions • Physical environment • Crew interactions systems are decomposed and specified to
End Users • Communications a point where they can be acquired with
• Training acceptable risk.
Human-centred design is the means by
• Specialist cargo
the H

which the risks arising from a mismatch

• Electrical power between seafarers, their ship, its systems
• Machinery An A to Z of Ergonomics
Specify • Main structure (Alert! issue 3)
and operational procedures are mitigated.
• Navigation, communication & control Hardware: Being human-centred entails early and
functions • Propulsion & steering Workstations continued focus on the requirements of
• Safety
uma

Integrator Displays
• Stability & watertight integrity Controls
people who are going to use a system
Accommodation throughout its life.
• Habitability Galleys Exploring Human Factors
• Maintainability Recreational spaces (Alert! issue 2) User requirements are derived from human
• Workability Software: factors data considered in the context of
n El

• Controllability Organisation the particular ship, its manning, outfitting

• Hull • Manoeuvrability Policies and operation. A large amount of human
Design • Accommodation • Survivability Procedures
Manuals factors data is already captured in
• Machinery
em

Shipyard, Suppliers Checklists Mind, body & spirit Regulation, Standards and organisational
• Systems Charts The 7 needs of the mariner
Trainers (Alert! issue 4) knowledge.
Drawings
ent

Publications This centrespread includes a set of

Information Technology
checklists for the type and location of
human factors data required during the
The development and planning and specification of a new ship or
maintenance of the human ship system. For novel situations, new
Build component of ship systems equipment or unusual manning, new data
Shipyard, Suppliers (Alert! issue 6)
may be needed. Who collects this data
Trainers depends on what it is about and how it can
be most beneficial. For example,
manufacturers are best placed to collect
information on the use of equipment,
owners for workspaces, and operating
companies for training and manning.

In the next issue:

Photo: Harrit & Sørensen a/s
Shipbuilding