Engineering Mathematics PDF

Engineering
Mathematics
(Solutions for Text Book Practice Questions)
 The element in the 2nd row and 3rd column

01. Linear Algebra
of B is given by
1 1
01. Ans: 3 A32   132 M 32
| A| | A|
Sol: If rank of A is 1, then A has only one
independent row. =
1
 11  0   1
2 2
The elements in R1 and R2 are proportional
3 P P
   04. Ans: (a)
P 3 P
Sol: Here, An is a zero matrix.
 P=3
 rank of An = 0
02. Ans: 0
05. Ans: 46
Sol: Here A and B are symmetric matrices.
Sol: Here, |adj A| = |A|2 ( |adj(Ann)| = |A|n – 1)
 (AB – BA) is a skew symmetric matrix of
 2116 = |A|2
order (3  3)
 |A| =  46
 |AB – BA| = 0
 Absolute value of |A| = 46
03. Ans: (c)
06. Ans: (b)
adj ( A)
-1
Sol: Now, B = A = Sol: S1) If A and B are symmetric then AB need
| A|
T
not be equal to BA
 A11 A12 A13 
1 0 0 
1 
B  A 21 A 22 A 23  for example, if A = 0 0 0
|A|
 A 31 A 32 A 33  0 0 0
 A11 A 21 A 31 
1  0 0 1 
= A12 A 22 A 32  and B = 0 0 0
|A| 
 A13 A 23 A 33  1 0 0
then A and B are symmetric but AB is not
 a11 a12 a 13  equal to BA.
where A = a 21 a 22 a 23   S1 is false.
a 31 a 32 a 33  S2) If A and B are symmetric then AB – BA
is a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3.
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 |AB – BA| = 0 ( determinant of a skew-  1 1 ..... 1 

symmetric matrix of odd order is 0)  0 n ..... 0 
A 
Hence, S2 is true. .... ..... .... ....
 
 0 0 ..... n 
07. Ans: (a)
|A| = nn–2
Sol: Each element of the matrix in the principal
diagonal and above the diagonal, we can
09. Ans: (a)
chosen in q ways.
Sol: S1 is true because, any subset of linearly
Number of elements in the principal diagonal
independent set of vectors is always linearly
=n
independent set.
Number of elements above the principal
S2 is not necessarily true,
 n 1
diagonal = n  for example, {x1, x2 ,x3} can be linearly
 2  independent set and x4 is linear combination
By product rule, of x1, x2 and x3.
number of ways we can choose these
 n 1 
n  10. Ans: (c)
elements = qn. q  2 
Sol: The given matrix is skew-symmetric.
Required number of symmetric matrices
Determinant of a skew symmetric matrix of
 n 1 
n 
= q  2  odd order is 0.
 Rank of A < 3.
Determinant of a non-zero skew symmetric
08. Ans: (b)
matrix is  2
n  1  1 .....  1 
  1 n  1 .....  1   Rank of A = 2
Sol: A   
 .... ..... .... .... 
  11. Ans: (a)
 1  1 ..... n  1
 1  2 1
R1  R1 + R2 + ........ + Rn –1
Sol: Let A   2 0  
 2 2  
1 1 ..... 1 
 1 n  1 .....  1 
For the system of linear equations to have a
A unique solution, det(A)  0.
 .... ..... .... .... 
  (0 – 2) + 2(2 + 2) + (4 – 0)  0
 1  1 ..... n  1
 –2 + 8 + 4  0
R2  R2 + R1, R3  R3 + R1, ............,
 6 + 4  0
Rn–1  Rn–1 + R1,
 6  – 4

3 Engineering Mathematics
2 13. Ans: (b)


3 k 1 1 
 Option (A) is correct. Sol: Given, A   1 k 1 
 1 1 k 
12. Ans: (c)
k 1 1
1 2 3 
 |A| = 1 k 1
Sol: Given A  2  1 4 
1 1 k
4 3 10
 |A| = k(k2 – 1) – (k – 1) + (1 – k)
Applying R2 – 2R1, R3 – 4R1
 |A| = (k – 1)[k2 + k – 2]
1 2 3
 |A| = (k – 1)2 (k + 2)
~ 0  5  2

Thus, the system has a unique solution when
0  5  2
(k – 1)2 (k + 2)  0
Applying R3 – R1 (or) k  1 and k  – 2
1 2 3
~ 0  5  2
0 0 0  14. Ans: (c)
which is an echlon matrix with two non-zero Sol: The augmented matrix is
rows.  4 2 1 3
 Rank of A = 2 A | B  6 3 4 7
If rank of A is less than number of variables, 2 1 0 1 
then the system AX = O has infinitely many 4 2 1 3
R 2  2R 2  3R 1 
0 0 5 5 
non-zero solutions.
If rank of A is less than number of variables, R 3  2R 3  R 1 
0 0  1  1
then the system AX = B cannot have unique
solution.  4 2 1 3
Hence, option (C) is not true. R3  5R3 + R2 0 0 5 5
If rank of A is less than order of A, then the 0 0 0 0
matrix A is singular. (A)= (A | B) = 2 (< number of variables).
 A-1 does not exist  The system has infinitely many solutions.

15. Ans: (c) 17. Ans: (a)

Sol: Given AX = B Sol: Here Rank of A = Rank of [A|B] = 3
1 1 1   x   3  The given system has a unique solution.
 1 2 3   y  = 4
   
1 4 k   z  6 18. Ans: (c)
Sol: The augmented matrix of the given system is
1 1 1 3
 3 2 0 1
[A | B] = 1 2 3 4  
 4 0 7 1
1 4 k 6 (AB)  
1 1 1 3
 
R2  R2 – R1 ; R3  R3 – R1 1  2 7 0
 
1 1 1 3
 R1  R3
 0 1 2 1
0 3 k 1 1 1 1 3
3  
4 0 7 1
R3  R3 – 3R2 
3 2 0 1
1 1 1 3  
1  2 7 0 
 
 0 1 2 1
R2 – 4R1, R3 – 3R1, R4 – R1
0 0 k  7 0
1 1 1 3 
If k – 7  0 then the system will have unique  
 0  4 3  11

solution. 0 1  3  8 
If k = 7, then rank of A = rank of [A | B] = 2  
0  3 6  3 
 
(< number of variables)
 The system has infinitely many solutions
R2  R3
if k = 7.
1 1 1 3 
 
16. Ans: (a) 0 1  3  8 

Sol: Given n – r = 1, where r = (A) and n = order 0  4 3  11
 
0  3 6  3 
of the matrix  
3–r=1 R3 – 4R2, R4 – 3R2
 r = (A) = 2 = number of non-zero rows 1 1 1 3 
 
in an echelon form  0  1  3  8

 To have rank 2 form matrix A, k must be 0 0 15 21 
 
either –1 or 0.  0 0 15 21 
 

R4 – R3 22. Ans: (c)

1 1 1 3  Sol: The characteristic equation is
 
0 1  3  8 ( – 1) ( – 2) ( – 3) = 0

00 15 21  3 – 62 + 11 – 6 = 0
 
0 0 0 0  By Caley Hamilton's theorem,

A3 – 6A2 + 11A – 6 I = 0
(A) = (AB) = 3 = no. of variables
Multiplying by A-1,
Hence, there exists only one solution.
(A2 – 6A + 11 I) = 6A–1
19. Ans: (d) 23. Ans: (b)
Sol: If A nn has n distinct eigen values, then A 10  4 
Sol: Let A =  
has n linearly independent eigen vectors. 18  12
If zero is one of the eigen values of A, then A
Consider A  I  0
is singular and A–1 does not exist.
If A is singular then rank of A < 3 and A  2 – (–2) + (–120 + 72) = 0
cannot have 3 linearly independent rows.  2 + 2 – 48 = 0
 Only option (d) is correct.   = 6, –8 are eigen values of A.
For  = 6, the eigen vectors are given by
20. Ans: (b) [A– 6I] X = O
Sol: If 1, 2, 3 are the eigen values of a 33  4  4   x  0 
matrix A, then     =  
18  18  y  0
(i) 1 + 2 + 3 = trace of A  x–y=0
(ii) 1 2 3 = |A|  x=y
 1 + 2 + 3 = 18 ............. (1) The eigen vectors are of the form
and 1 2 3 = 0 .......... (2) 1
Here, the equations (1) & (2) satisfy with X1  k1  
1
option (b) only.
For  = –8, the eigen vectors are given by
 Option (b) is correct.
[A+8I] X = O
21. Ans: (a) 18  4  x  0
    =  
Sol: Since, A is singular,  = 0 is an eigen value. 18  4  y  0
Also, rank of A = 1.  18x – 4y = 0
The root  = 0 is repeated n – 1 times.  9x – 2y = 0
trace of A = n = 0 + 0 + ....... + n. The eigen vectors are of the form
 n = n  2
X1  k 2  
 The distinct eigen values are 0 and n. 9 

24. Ans: (c) 26. Ans: 7

Sol: The given matrix is upper triangular. The  8 6 2
eigen values are same as the diagonal 
Sol: Given A    6 x  4
elements 1, 2, –1 and 0.  2  4 3
The smallest eigen value is  = –1. The eigen
 2
vectors for  = –1 is given by
eigen vector X =  2
(A – I) X = 0
 1 
 (A + I)X = 0
 2 1  1 2  x  We know that AX = X
0 3 0 1   y 
    0  8 6 2  2  2
0 0 0 1   z   6 x  4   2    2
       
0 0 0 1   w   2  4 3  1   1 
 w = 0, y = 0, 2x – z = 0
 30   2 
 X = k[1 0 2 0]T  16  2 x    2 
   
 15    
25. Ans: (b)
Sol: Let  be the third eigen value. Clearly eigen value  = 15
Sum of the eigen values of A = Trace (A)  –16 – 2x = –30
 (–3) + (–3) +  = –2 + 1 + 0  –2x = –14
=5 x=7
The eigen vector for  = 5 is given by
[A – 5I]X = O 27. Ans: 2
 7 2  3  x  0  Sol: If  is an Eigen values of A, then
  2  4  6  y  = 0

4– 33 is an Eigen value of (A4 – 3A3)
  1  2  5  z  0
Putting  = 1, –1, and 3 in (4 – 33),
x y z We get the eigen values of (A4 – 3A3) are
  
 24  48 24
–2, 4, 0
x y z
   Trace of (A4 – 3A3) = Sum of eigen values
1 2 1
of (A4 – 3A3) = 2
 1
 The third eigen vector = k  2
 1 

28. Ans: 8 31. Ans: (a)

 1 0  1 Sol: For upper triangular matrix the eigen values
Sol: Given A   1 2 0  are same as the elements in the principal
 0 0  2 diagonal.
0 a b 
The characteristic equation is 3–2–4+4=0
Let A = 0 0 c 
By Caley-Hamilton's theorem,
0 0 0 
A3 – A2 – 4A + 4I = O
adding 2I on both sides 1 a b 
A3 – A2 – 4A + 6I = 2I Then (I + A) = 0 1 c 
Let B = A3 – A2 – 4A + 6I 0 0 1 
Now B = 2I
 |I + A| = 1
 |B| = |2I| = 8
 I + A is non-singular and hence invertible.
29. Ans: 2
32. Ans: 8
 6 2 2 1  1 
 2    Sol: The characteristic equation of M is
Sol:  3  1 2   2
3 – 122 + a  – 32 = 0 ……… (1)
 2  1 3  0 0
Substituting  = 2 in (1), we get a = 36
Now, the characteristic equation is
 2 1 
 4    2 3 – 122 + 36 – 32 = 0
     ( – 2) (2 – 10 +16) = 0
0 0
  = 2, 2, 8
Clearly  = 2  The largest among the absolute values of
the eigen values of M = 8.
30. Ans: (d)
Sol: We have, AT = –A 33. Ans: (d)
( A is skew-symmetric) Sol: Now,
 A + AT = (A – A) = O 2 0 1
Rank of (A + AT) = 0 |A| = 4  3 3
 Number of linearly independent eigen
0 2 1
vectors = n – rank of (A + AT) = n
 |A| = 2(3 – 6) – 0 + 1(8 – 0)
 |A| = 8 – 6 = 2
 Option (d) not true and other options are
true

34. Ans: (d)  The set of vectors is linear set and it forms
Sol: Applying C4 – 3C1 the determinant becomes a basis of R3
 1 2 13
1 0 00 

36. k  0
2 1  1  3 Sol: If the given vectors form a basis, then they
 
2 3 0 0 are linearly independent
Expanding the determinant by 2nd row we k 1 1
will get the value 0.  0 1 1 0
 Option (a) is correct k 0 k
By deleting 1st row 1st coloumn of A, we get
 k2 + k – k  0
a 3rd order non zero minor.
k0
 The rank of A is 3.
If |A| = 0 then the system AX = 0 has
infinitely many non zero solutions 02. Calculus
 Option (c) is correct.
01. Ans: (a)
If Rank of A is 3, then the system AX = B
Sol: Lim x  x   Lim x  Lim x 
cannot have unique solution. x 5 / 4 x 5 / 4 x 5 / 4
5 1
= 1 
35. Ans: (a) 4 4
1 2 2 
02. Ans: (d)
Sol: Given A  2 1 2
x2
2 2 1  Sol: Lim
x 2 x  2
1 2 2  x  2 
Left Limit = Lim  1
 A ~ 0  3  2
 x 2 x2
0  2  3 x2
Right Limit = Lim 1
x 2 x  2
R2  R2 – 2R1, R3  R3 – 2R1
 Left Limit  Right Limit
1 2 2
 A~ 0  3  2
  Limit does not exist
0 0  5 03. Ans: (d)
R3  3R3 – 2R2 Sol: Limx 
x4
 (A) = 3
Left Limit = 3, Right Limit = 4
= number of linearly independent rows
 Left Limit  Right Limit
 Limit does not exist

04. Ans: 2 07. Ans: (b)

 sin x  Sol: y = Lt x x
  x 0
x sin x x  1
Sol: Lim  Lim   2 log y = Lt log x x
x 0 1  cos x x 0  1  cos x  1 x0
 
 2
2
 x = Lt x log x
x0
05. Ans: 0  
Sol:  log x 
= Lt  
x0 1 
 Sinx  1 0 
Lim Tanx  Secx   Lim    for m    x  
x  / 2 x  / 2
 Cosx  0   
 1 
Using L’Hospital Rule,  
 Cosx  0 = Lt  x  By L’hospital rule
x  0  1  
= Lim   0
x   / 2  Sinx    x 2  
  1  
06. Ans: (c) = Lt  x   0

x0
  for m  y = eo = 1
x
e
Sol: Lim 1  x 2
x 

Let y  1  x 2 e x
08. Ans: (a)
 log y = e–x log(1+x2) Sol:
log 1  x 2      ax  ax
 Lim
a  x   a  x 
 Lim log y  Lim
x  x  e x 

for m 

Lim
x 0 x x 0 x ax  ax  
Using L’Hospital Rule
2x 2 1
 log  Lim1  x 2  
e x
 
 x  
= Lim
x 0 
x ax  ax a a a 
1
2x     09. Ans: (a)
 Lim 1  x 2
for m 


x
x  e  Sol: (a) f(2) = 3,
2 3 7
= Lim x RL = 2(2) – 1= 3, LL  3
x  e 2 x   e x 1  x 2   3
2  f(x) is continuous at x = 2
= 0
 (b) f(2) = 2, Lim f x   8  2  6  f 2
x 2
 Lim1  x 
x
2 e
 e 1
0
 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 2
x 
(c) f(2) = 2 + 2 = 4, LL = 2 + 2 = 4,

RL = 2 – 4 = –2 i.e., (x2)x = 2 = (mx + b)x = 2

 LL  RL  Limit does not exist  4 = 2m + b
 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 2 b=–4
(d) f(2) is not defined Hence, option (A) is correct.
 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 2
13. Ans: (c)
10. Ans: (a) Sol: (A) f(x) = |x| is not differentiable at x = 0
Sol: Given (f  g) (x) = f [g(x)] (B) f(x) = cot x is neither continuous nor
In (–, 0), g(x) = –x differentiable at x = 0
 f[g(x)] = f(–x) (C) f(x) = sec x is differentiable in the
 f[g(x)] = x2  
interval (– ,
) and hence in the
 f[g(x)] has no points of discontinuities in 2 2
(–, 0). interval [–1, 1]
(D) f(x) = cosec x is neither continuous nor
differentiable at x = 0
11. Ans: (a)
Sol: We have Lt f  x   Lt f  x   f 1 = 1  Option (c) is correct.
x1 x1
 f(x) is continuous at x = 1 14. And: (b)

f ( x)  f (1) Sol: Let f (x) = sin (x) + 2.sin (2x) + 3.
Now, f (1–) = Lt 
x 1 x 1 8
sin (3x) – = 0 be the given equation.
x 1 
= Lt =1
x  1 x 1
Then,
f ( x)  f (1) f(x) = –cos(x) – cos (2x) – cos(3x)
and f (1+) = Lt 
h 1 x 1 8
– (x) + k
= Lt
2 x  1  1 = 2 
x 1 x 1 Here, if the function f(x) satisfies the all the
Here, f (1 ) = 1  f (1+) = 2
–
three conditions of the Rolle's theorem in [a,
 f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1. b], then the equation f (x) = 0 has at least
one real root in (a, b).
12. Ans: (a) As cos(ax) is continuous & differentiable
Sol: Since, f is differentiable at x = 2, function and a0 + a1x is continuous &
f (2–) = f  (2+) differentiable function for all x, the function
 (2x)x = 2 = m f(x) is continuous and differentiable for all x.
 m=4  
Here, (i) f(x) is continuous on 0, 
Since, f is continuous at x = 2  2

  1 1 1
(ii) f(x) is differentiable on  0,    
 2 1 0 2
1 c 2
1  22
1 1 1
   
(iii) f(0) = – 3 + k = f   1 2 2
1 c 2
1  02
2
1 f (2) 1
 By a Rolle's theorem, the given equation   
5 2 1
 
has at least one root in  0,  . 2
 2   f (2)  2 (or) f(2)  (0.4, 2)
5
Hence, option (B) is correct.
17. Ans: 2.5 range 2.49 to 2.51
15. Ans: (c)
Sol: By Cauchy's mean value theorem,
Sol: By Lagrange's theorem, we have
f c  f 3  f 2
f 8  f 1 
f (C) = g c  g3  g2 
8 1
e3  e 2
4 8.5  5 4 2c
 –e = 3 2
 1 2  ( f (x) = 1 2 ) e e
C 7 x
 c = 2.5  (2, 3)
 C =2 2 ( C =  2 2 1, 8) 
 C = 2 2  (1, 8) 18. Ans: (a)
Sol: f(x) = eSinx  f(0) = e0 = 1
16. Ans: (b) f(x) = eSinx. Cosx  f (0) = 1
Sol: Let f(x) be defined on f (x) = eSinx. Cos2x + eSinx (–Sinx)  f (0) =
1 1–0=1
[a, b] = [0, 2]  f 1 ( x )  x .
1 x2 Taylor’s Series for f(x) about x = 0 is
Then by Lagrange’s mean value theorem,
x2
f (2)  f (0) f x   f 0   xf 0  f 0  ...........
 c  (0,2)  f 1 (c)  2!
20
x2
1 f (2) = 1 x   ........
  2!
1 c 2
2
∵ c  (0, 2) 19. Ans: (a)
0<c<2 f IV 0 
Sol: Coefficient of x 4 
 02 < c2 < 22 4!
 1 + 02 < 1 + c2 < 1 + 22 Given f(x) = log (Secx)
1
 f x   Secx Tanx  Tanx
Secx

 f (x) = Sec2x 22. Ans: (a)

 f x   2Sec 2 x Tanx  x 2  y2  x 2  y2
Sol: Given u  Sin    Sinu 
 fiv(x) = 2[Sec2x Sec2x + Tanx. 2Secx.  xy  xy
Secx Tanx]  f(u) = Sinu is homogeneous with deg,
iv
 f (0) = 2 n=1
f iv 0 2 1 By Eulen’s theorem
 Coefficient of x 4   
4! 24 12 f u  Sinu
x.u x  y.u y  n  1  Tan u
f u  Cosu
20. Ans: (a)
Sol: Given f(x) = Tan–1x  f(0) = 0 23. Ans: (a)
1 y x
 f x    f 0   1 Sol: Given u  x 2 Tan    3y 3Sin 1  
1 x 2 x y
1
 f x   2x   f 0  0 = f(x, y) + 3 g(x,y)
1 x2 Where f(x, y) is homogeneous with deg m =
 f 0    2 –2
 f  x   2 


 1  x 2 1  x 2x  

 and g(x, y) is homogeneous with deg n = 3
 x2. Uxx + 2xy Uxy + y2 Uyy = m(m–1)
 1 x2
2
  
f(x,y) + 3 n(n–1) g(x,y)
Taylor’s Series of f(x) about x = 0 is,
= –2(–2–1) f(x,y) + 3[3(3–1)g(x,y)]
x2 x3
f x   f 0  xf 0  f 0  f 0  ......  = 6 [f(x,y) + 3 g(x,y)]
2! 3! = 6u
x2 3
= 0  x 1  0  x  2  .......
2! 3! 24. Ans: (a)
x 3
du u dx u dy u dz
= x  .....  Sol:   
3 dt x dt y dt z dt
= (3x2 + z2 + yz) et + (3y2 + xz) (–Sint)
21. Ans: (c) + (2xz + xy)3t2
Sol: e x  x  1  x  x   x  x   x  x 
2 2 2 2 3
2
 .... At t = 0,
1! 2! 3! du
 31  0  0 1  31  00   0  10 
 x x2 x3 x4  dt
 e  1  x     ...... 
 2! 3! 4!  =3
xx2 3x 2 7 x 3
e =1+x+ 
2 6

25. Ans: (c) 28. Ans: (c)

Sol: Given xy + yx = –C ux uy uz 3 2 1
Let f(x,y) = xy + yx  u, v, w 
Sol:  vx vy vz  1 1 1
f  x, y, z 
dy  yx y1  y x log y  wx wy w z 1 2 1
  x    y 
dx f  x log x  xy x 1  = 3(1 – 2) – 2(–1 – 1) – 1(2 + 1)
y
= –2
dy 1  0 
At (1,1),    1  x, y, z  1 1
dx  0  1   
 u, v, w   u, v, w  2
 x, y, z 
26. Ans: (a)
Sol: u = x log(xy)
29. Ans: (b)
du u dx u dy
  x3 3x 2
dx x dx y dx Sol: f x    x  f x   1  x 2 1  0
3 3
=
 x  1 are stationary
 1   1 dy 
 x. xy y   logxy  1   x. xy .x . dx  points
    f(x) = 2x
Given
f(1) = 2 > 0  minimum at x = 1
dy f  3x 2  3 y  f(–1) = –2 < 0  maximum at x = –1
x 3  y 3  3xy  1    x   2 
  
f x ,y 
dx fy  3 y  3x 
30. Ans: 5
du x x2  y
  1  log xy   2 Sol: f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 9x + 1
dx y  y  x 
 f(x) = 3x2 – 12x + 9 = 0
 x2 – 4x + 3 = 0
27. Ans: (b)  x = 1,3
u u y2 2y The extreme value of f(x) in [a,b] may lie
1
 u, v  x y x x either at the stationary points or at the end
Sol:  
 x, y  v v y 2
2y points of the interval.
x y x2 x  f(0) = 1, f(2) = 3, f(1) = 5, f(3) = 1
2 y  y 2  y 2   Maximum value = f(1) = 5
= 1     
x  x 2  x 2 
31. Ans: (c)
2y
= Sol: Given f(x) = (k2 – 4)x2+ 6x3 + 8x4
x
 f (x) = 32x3+18x2+2(k2–4)x
and f (x) = 96 x2 + 36x + 2 (k2–4)

f(x) has local maxima at x = 0 33. Ans: 112

 f (0) < 0 Sol: Let f(x, y) = x3 +3xy2 – 15x2 –15y2 + 72x
 2(k2 –4) < 0 Then p = fx = 3x2 + 3y2 – 30x + 72, q = fy
 k2 – 4 < 0 (or) (k – 2) (k + 2) < 0 = 6xy – 30y
 –2 < k < 2 and r = fxx = 6x – 30, s = fxy = 6y,
t = fyy = 6x – 30
32. Ans: 1 Consider p = 0 and q = 0
Sol: Let 2x & 2y be the length & breadth of the  3x2 + 3y2 – 30x + 72 = 0 and
rectangle. Y 6xy – 30y = 0
2 2
 x + y – 10x + 24 = 0 and y(x – 5) = 0
X  x2 + y2 – 10x + 24 = 0 and x = 5, y = 0
If y = 0 then x2 + y2 – 10x + 24 = 0 becomes
x2 – 10x + 24 = 0
 x = 4, 6
Let A = 2x2y = 4xy be the area of the If x = 5 then x2 + y2 – 10x + 24 = 0 becomes
rectangle. 25 + y2 – 50 + 24 = 0

Then A2 = 4x2y2 = x 2 1  x 2  x 2  x 4   y2 – 1 = 0
Let f(x) = x2 – x4  y = 1, –1
Then f x   2 x  4x 3 and f x   2  12 x 2  The stationary points are
For maximum, we have (5, 1), (5, –1), (4, 0), (6, 0)
f x   0 At (x, y) = (5, 1); r = 0, s = 6, t = 0
 rt – s2 = 0 – 36 = – 36 < 0

 2x 1  2x 2  0 
 (5, 1) is a saddle point
1 1
 x = 0, ,
2 2
At (x, y) = (5, –1); r = 0, s = –6, t = 0
 1   rt – s2 = 0 – 36 = 36 < 0
Here f 0  0, f  0
 2  (5, –1) is a saddle point
1 x2
 Area A = 4xy = 4x  At (4, 0); r = – 6, s = 0, t = – 6
2
 rt – s2 = 36 – 0 = 36 > 0 and r < 0
 2x 1  x 2
 (4, 0) is a point of maxima
1 1
 2  1  1
2 2
At (6, 0); r = 6, s = 0, t = 6
 rt – s2 = 36 – 0 = 36 > 0 and r > 0

 (6, 0) is a point of minima 36. Ans: (d)

Hence, the maximum value of f(x, y) at (4, 0) Sol:
is
     
1.5 1 2 1.5
 x [x ] dx =  x x dx   x x dx   x x dx
2 2 2 2
f(4, 0) = (4)3 + (0) – 15(4)2 – (0) + (72)(4)
0 0 1 2
= 112 2 1.5
3
 0   x dx   2x dx =
34. Ans: 25 0 2
4
x y 
Sol: Let A   
 y 10  x  37. Ans: (d)

Det A = x(10 – x) – y2 Sol:  x sin 8 x cos 6 x dx
For maximum value of Det A, y = 0    
0 f x 
x 0 
Now, A   
 0 10  x   a a
a

 |A| = x(10 – x) = 10x – x2   x f x dx   f x dx if f a  x   f x 
 0 20 
Let f(x) = 10x – x2 

2 0
 f (x) = 10  2x = sin 8 x cos 6 x dx
 f (x) = –2
/2
Consider, f (x) = 0 
=  2   sin 8 x cos 6 x dx
x=5 2 0
At x = 5, f (x) = 2 < 0  7.5.3.15.3.1   5 2

=   
 At x = 5, the function f(x) has a 14.12.10.8.6.4.2  2 4096
maximum and is equal to 25.
35. Ans: (c) 38. Ans: (a)

y 0 y x2
Sol:  x dx    x dx   x dx
4 4 0
Sol: Given that, x sin(x) =  f t dt
0
x2  x2 
0 7 Differentiating both sides, we get
=    x cos(x). + sin(x) = f(x).2x
2  4 2  0
Putting x = 4
 16   49 
= 0        0 4 cos(4) = f(4).8
 2 2 

= 8 + 24.5 = 32.5  f(4) =
2

39. Ans: (b) 42. Ans: (d)

x  0 0
2
Sol:  e x e dx   e x .e e dx Put ex = t  ex dx = 0
x x
  Sin x dx 
Lim 0   0 for m   
Sol:
x 0 x 3   0 
 1
 
1

  =  e dt  e   e  1
t t
0 0
Using L’Hospital Rule,
Sinx 2x  Sin 00  0 for m  43. Ans: (c)
= Lim  
x 0 3x 2 0  
dx

dx
2Cosx 2
Sol:  1  a 2
x 2 3/ 2


K 2
 x2 
3/ 2
= Lim   0
x 0 3 3 where K2 = 1+a2
Put x = K Tan  dx = K Sec2d
40. Ans: 0.785 range 0.78 to 0.79 /2 /2
K Sec 2  2 2

2 d  2 .  cos d 
Sol: 
4
sin 2 x
dx 0 K  K Tan 
2 2 2 3/ 2 K 0 1 a 2
0
cos x  sin 4 x
4

44. Ans: (a)
4 
tan x 1
2 dx Sol:  dx  K
0

cos x 1  tan 4 x
2
 0
x  4 x2  9
2
 
1 
2t 1 1 1 
= 0 1  t 4 dt (by putting tan x = t)   5  x 2
 2
 4 x  9 
dx  K
0
 1 1

= = 0.785 x 1  x 
4   Tan 1    Tan 1    K
5 2 2 3  3  0
41. Ans: 9 1 1  1 
 .  .  K
Sol: The required area 5  2 2 3 2 
1
4
1  1 1 1
  x dy    y  4   y 2  dy  9    KK
2 4  10  6  60
 2
y
45. Ans: (c)
(4, 4) 1
x2 1 x2
Sol:  x log x dx  log x. 2
  . dx
x 2
x 0
O 1
(1, –2) x2 x2  1
= log x    
2 4 0 4

46. Ans: (a) 48. Ans: (d)


3
1  x2 ex
Sol: Given I =  x  12
dx Sol: Given I = 1 x 2 dx
1
1 x2 e x
Let f x   , f x    as x  1 Let f(x) = 2
x  12 x
1
1 Choose g(x) =
Let gx   x2
x  12  
1
Lt
f x 
 Lt
1 x
 x  1  2
2  gx  dx   x2
dx  1 is known to be
x 1 g x  x 1 x  12 1 1
convergent.
3
1  By comparison test, the given integral also
But  is known to be divergent.
1 x  1
2
convergent.
 By comparison test, the given integral also
divergent. 49. Ans: (c)

sin ax
47. Ans: (a) Sol: Let f(a) = 
0
e x
x
dx
2
x3  1
Sol: Given I = 
1 2x
dx Differentiating partially w.r.t. a

sin ax
f (a) =  e  x x dx
x3 1 x
Let f(x) = 0
2x 
1
f  x    an x  2 =  e  x sin ax dx =
0
a 1
2
1
Let g(x) = Integrating both sides
2x
f(a) = tan-1 a + c
f x   x3  1  f(0) = 0
Lt  Lt   2  x   9 finite
x  2 g x  x 2
 2x  c=0
2
 f(a) = tan-1 a
But  gx  dx is known to be convergent
1
50. Ans: (a)
 By comparison test, the given integral
a b
also convergent. 1
Sol:  
x 1 y 1
xy
dx dy
a b
1 1
= 
x 1
x
dx 
y 1
y
dy

= log x 1 log y1 53. Ans: (b)

a b
= (log a – log 1) (log b – log 1) x 2 y2

Sol:  dxdy
= log a log b R
x 2  y2
R– x2 + y2 = 1 & y  0
51. Ans: (b) Changing into polar coordinates
1 x2 x = r cos , y = r sin
Sol:   x dx dy dx.dy  r dr d
0 0
1 x 2 y2
=  x y
x2
0 dx R x 2  y 2 dxdy
0
1 
r 2 cos  r 2 sin 2 
 0
1
= rd rd 
 x dx
3
= r2
0
0
1 
1
x4 
 r dr d  cos 2  siom 2  d 
3
1 =
=   
 4 0 4 0 0
1 
 r dr  cos  sin 2  d
3 2
=
52. Ans: (c) 0 0
Sol: 1
 r 4   11  
(2,1) =   2  
4
 0  4  2 2
y = x/2 1 1  
=   
4 4 2 32
(0,0) (2,0) 54. Ans: (d)

y=0 1 1
e
y2
Sol: dy dx
0 x
y=1
 xy dR
2
(1, 1)
R
 xy x =0
2
dx dy y=x
R
2 x/2
 xy
2
= dy dx y =0
0 0
x/2
1
 y3  1
2
32 4
 dx  x dx  
4
= x  By changing the order of integration we have
0  3 0 24 0
24  5 15

1 1 1 y 1
 y 3 3y 4 
e  e
y2 y2
dy dx = dy dx =  
0 x y 0 x 0 3 8  0
1 1
=  e y x 0 dy 1 3 17
2 y
=    
0  3 8  0 24
1
=  e y y dy
2
56. Ans: (c)

0
1
1
Sol: V =  Z dy dx
=  e y 2 y dy 
2
R
20 1 x
=   z dy dx
1 21
= ey 0
2
  0 x
1 x
    3  x  2 y dy dx 
2
1 =
= e1  e 0 0 x
2
 3  x  y  y 
1
1
= e  1
2 2 x
= x dx
2 0
 3  x 2x   0dx

1
2
55. Ans: (a) =
1 y 1 x  y 0
Sol:    y dz dx dy 1
 6x  2x dx
3
0 0 0 =
1 y 0
=   y1  x  y dx dy  6x 2 2x 4 
1
=  
4  0
0 0
1 y  2
  h  y  xy dx dy 
2
= 1 7
0 0 V = 3 
y
2 2
1
 x2 
 y  y x   y   dy
2 y
= 0
0  2 0 57. Ans: (d)
1
 y2 
 
2
 dy 
0 
3
 

2
= y y y dy Sol: Length = 1    dx
2  0
 dx 
1 3
 2 y  3y 3 dy  =  1  x dx
2
= 0
0 3
2 14
= 1  x 2  =
3
1
 3 3
  y  3 0 3
2
= y dy
0
2 

58. Ans: 25.12 62. Ans: (c)

4
Sol: (xy) = exy sin(x + y)
Sol: Volume = 0
 y 2 dx
  
4   i  k
= 0
 x dx x y dz
= 8 cubic units  = i[exy (y) sin (1+y) + exy(b) (x + y) +
j[exy(x) sin (x + y) + exy(x) (x+y)]+k[0]]
59. Ans: 1.88  0,  
 2
1
x
2
Sol: Volume = dy       
0
 i e 0 sin  e 0 cs  je 0 0 sin  e o cos  
1
2  2 2 2  2 
=  0
y 3 dy  1.88

  i    j0  k0
60. Ans: (a) 2
Sol: x2 + y2 + z2 = 9 
let  = x2 + y2 + z2 = 9 Required direction =   i
2
 = 2xi + 2yj + 2zk
 2xi  xyj  2zk 63. Ans: (b)

|  | 2 x 2  y 2  z 2 Sol:
xi  yj  zk  i j k 
Required unit-normal =     
3 v   0
 x y z 
2  6 y  0z 4 x  2( y  z) 2bx  3y  2z 
61. Ans: (b)
Sol:  = x2yz + 4xz2
 = i[2c – 2]-j[4 – a] + k[2b – 6] = 0
a  2i  j  2k
 c = 1, a = 4, b = 3
 = i[2xyz + 4z2] + j[x2z] + k[x2y+82x]
 a = 4; b = 3; c = 1
[](1–2–1) = i[4 + 4]+ j[–1] + k[–10]
= 8i – j + 10 k
64. Ans: (b)
Required directional derivative
2i  j  2k  Sol: V  e x i  2 yj  k
= 8i  j  10k 
2 2   1   2 
2 2 div V =ex + 2 – 0 = ex + 2  0
16  1  20 37 i j k
=    
9 3 and   V  0
x y z
ex 2y 1

65. Ans: (a) ( 4 ,1, 1)


r
  2z dx  x dx   (2y)dy
Sol: f r   f ' r  ( 0 , 2 ,1)
r ( 4 ,1, 1)

sin r   cos r 
r   2 d(xz)  2y dy
r ( 0 , 2 ,1)
( 4 ,1, 1)
66. Ans: (c)  y2 
 

Sol: div e r .r
  2( xz)  2 
 2  ( 0, 2,1)
.A   .A  .A  (Identity) = [2 (4) (–1) + (1)2] – [(2) (0) (1) + (2)2]
   
. e r r  e r .r  e r . r   = –11

r 
= e r .r  e r 3 69. Ans: 202
r
r2 
Sol: Given F  2 xy  z 3 i  x 2 j  3xz 2 k 
= e 3  e
r r
r i j k
 

 e .r  e r 3  r 
2
Curl F 
  
x y z
67. Ans: (d) 2 xy  z 3 x2 3xz 2
  
Sol: curl r 4 r  ? 
= i 0  0  j 3z 2  3z 2  k2x  2x   0
curl  F   F is irrotational
=  curl F  grad   F (Identity)  Work done by F is independent of path
= curl r 4 r 
 of curve
= r 4 curl r   gradr 4  r  F = 
 where (x, y, z) is scalar potential
3 r 
= r  0  4r  r
4
 2xy  z 3  i  x 2 j  3xz 2 k   i   j   k
r
x y z
= 000 3 2 2
 d = (2xy + z ) dx + x dy + 3xz dz
68. Ans: (b)  
  d =  2 xy  z 3 dx  x 2 dy  3xz 2 dz
 dx 
B
Sol: L.I   f .d r   f1 dx  f 2 dy  f 3 dz    d = y  xz 3
2
C A
 (x, y, z) = x2y + xz3
( 4 ,1, 1)
  (2z)dx  (2y)dy  (2x)dx 

( 0 , 2 ,1)
 Workdone =  F. dr = (3,1,4)–(1, –2,1)
C
( 4 ,1, 1) = [9(1)+3(64)] – [1(–2) + 1(1)]

  2z dx  2x dz   (2y)dy
( 0 , 2 ,1)
= 202

70. Ans: (d)

y
The given integral =  2 dx dy
Sol: R
(2,4) = 2 Area of the given ellipse

y = 2x = 2 (. 2. 1) = 4
x 72. Ans: 0
(0,0) (2,0)
Sol: Given A  
By Green's Theorem,  Curl A  0
 N M 
 A is Irrotational
C M dx  N dy  R  x  y  dx dy
Line integral of Irrotational vector function
where M = x + y, N = x2 and along a closed curve is zero
N M x 2 y2
 = 2x –1
x y i.e.  A.dr  0 , where C :
C
4

9
 1 is a
  2x  1 dy dx
2 2x
The given integral= closed curve.
x 0 y 0
 2xy  y
2 2x
= 0 dx 73. Ans: (b)
0
 4x 
2 Sol: Using Gauss-Divergence Theorem,
= 2
 2 x dx
20
0
 F.N
S
ds   div F dv
V
=
3 = 
V
3 dv  3 V
4
= 3  r 3 = 4(4)3 = 256
71. Ans: (c) 3
Sol: By Green's Theorem, we have
 N M  74. Ans: 264
 M dx  N dy    x  y  dx dy
C R Sol: Using Gauss-Divergence Theorem,
Here, M = 2x – y and N = x +3 y  xy dy dz  yz dzdx  zx dx dy  
S
V
div F dv
N M

x y
=2
y =  y  z  x  dv
V
(0, 1)
   x  y  z  dzdydx
4 3 4
=
x 0 y 0 z 0
x
  4x  4y  8 dy dz
4 3
(–2, 0) (2, 0) =
x 0 y 0
(0, –1)
 12 x  18  24 dx = 264
4
=
x 0

75. Ans: 0 78. Ans: (d)

Sol: By Stokes' theorem, we have  1,  2  x  0
Sol: Given f  x   
 f . dr =    f  . n ds
C S
2 , 0  x  0
Here,  × f The fourier series of f(x) in [c, c+ 2l] is given

i j k by
   f(x) =
= 0
x y z a0   nx    nx 
( x 2  yz) ( y 2  xz) (z 2  xy)   an cos    bn sin  
2 n 1    n 1   
 f is an irrotational The term independent of 'x' in above fourier
  f .d r  0 a " "
series is given by 0 .
2
a0 1  1 c  2  
76. Ans: (d) Now,    f ( x) dx 
2 2  c 
i j k
   a0 1  1
2

Sol: Curl F =     f ( x) dx 
x y z 2 2  2 2 
2 xy  y  yz2  y2z
a0 1  
0 0
= i  2 yz  2 yz  j0  k0  1     (1) dx   (2) dx 

2 4  2 2 
 Curl F  k
Using Stokes' theorem, 
a0 1
2 4
0

  x 2  2 x 0
2

 F.dr   curl F.N ds   k.N ds a 1
C S S  The constant term is 0 
2 2
Let R be the protection of s on xy plane
dxdy
  k.N ds =  k.N
| N.k | 
= 1 dx dy 79. Ans: (b)
S R
R
Sol: The given function is odd in (–, )
= Area of Region
 Fourier series of f(x) contains only sine
= r2 = (1)2 =  terms.
77. Ans: (d) 80. Ans: (b)

Sol: The function f(x) = x2 cos(x) is even function
k  2  2 1 
 n
 The fourier series of f(x) contain only Sol: f(x) =    sin nx 
n 1  n 
cosine terms.
The coefficient of sin 2x = 0

 03_Probability & Statistics

At x =
2
k 1 1 1  01. Ans: (a)
k= 1     ......
 3 5 7  Sol: y
1 1 1 
 1     ........ =
3 5 7 4 (0, 1)
81. Ans: (c)

Sol: f(x) = x – x2
 x (1, 0)
f(x) =  b n sin nx
n 1
Let X and Y are two numbers in the interval
(0, 1)
bn =
2 
 0

x  x 2 sin nx dx  We have choose X and Y such that
X2 + Y2 < 1.
2 

b1 =  x  x 2 . sin x dx
 0
  Area of the shaded region
Re quired probability 
Area of the square
2

 
x  x 2  cos x     2 x  sin x    2  cos x  
0
/4 
 
8 1 4
=

02. Ans: (a)
Sol: A non-decreasing sequence can be described
82. Ans: (b) by a partition n = n0 + n1 + n2
Sol: f(x) = (x – 1)2 where ni is number of times the digit i appear
The Half range cosine series is in the sequence.
 There are (n + 1) choices for n0, and given n0
a
f(x) = 0   a n cos nx  there are n – n0 + 1 choices for n1.
2 n 1
So, the total number of possibilities is
2 
an =  x  12 cos nx  dx n n
 0
 n  n
n 0 0
0  1  n  1.n  1   n 0
n 0 0
1
2 2  sin nx  cos nx sin nx 
x  1 .   2x  1. 2 2  2 3 3  n2  n
  n  n  n  0 = (n + 1) . (n + 1) –
2
4 n  1n  2
= =
n 2
2
2
n 2  3n  2
Required probability =
2 3n  

03. Ans: (d) 1  2

n n
Sol: Number of ways, we can choose R = C(n, 3) = 2   

 3  3
We have to count number of ways we can n n
choose R, so that median (R) = median (S). 1  2
The required probability = 1 – 2    
Each such set R contains median S, one of  3  3
 n 1 32 n  2 n 1
the   elements of S less than median =
 2  32 n
 n 1
(S), and one of the   elements of S 06. Ans: (c)
 2 
Sol: Number of ways of selecting three integers
greater than median (S).
2
= 20C3
 n 1 We know that, product of three integers is
So, there are   choices for R.
 2  even, if atleast one of the number is even.
2
 n 1 Number of ways of selecting 3 odd integers
  = 10C3
 2 
Required probability =
Cn, 3 10
C3
 Required probability = 1 
3n  1
20
C3
=
2n n  2  2 17
= 1 =
19 19
04. Ans: (a)
Sol: For each i  {1, 2, ......., n}, 07. Ans: (c)
let Ai heads be the event that the coin comes Sol: Given that P(A|B) = 1
up heads for the first time and continues to PA  B
 =1
come up heads there after. PB
Then, the desired event is the disjoint union  P(A  B) = P(B) ............... (1)
of Ai.
C
P(B | A ) =
P BC  A C
C
=

1  PA  B 
Since, each Ai occurs with probability 2–n.
The required probability = n. 2–n
PA C
 
1  PA 
1  PA   PB  PA  B
=
05. Ans: (b) 1  PA 
Sol: Probability of the event that we never get the 1  PA 
= [from (1)]
consecutive heads or tails 1  PA 
= P(HT HT HT .... ) + P(TH TH TH .......) =1
n n n n
1  2 1 2
=       . 
3  3 3 3

08. Ans: (a) Each of the above sets has 20 elements. If

Sol: Let A = Getting electric contract and one of the two numbers selected from S1 then
B = Getting plumbing contract the other must be chosen from S4.
If one of the two numbers selected from S2
P(A) = ; P B  = ; P(B) =
2 4 3
5 7 7 then the other must be chosen from S3.
2 Number of favourable cases = C(20, 1).C(20,
P(A  B) = ;
3 1) + C(20, 1).C(20, 1) + C(20, 2)
2 3 2 17 = 400 + 400 + 190 = 990
P(A  B) =   =
5 7 3 105 990
 Required probability =
C (100, 2)
09. Ans: (d) 990
= = 0.2
Sol: P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B) 50  99
33
P(A) =
100 11. Ans: 0.66 Range 0.65 to 0.67
14 Sol: Let N = the number of families
P(B) =
100 N  N 
4 Total No. of children =   1    2 
P(A  B) = 2  2 
100
3N
(A  B) is not empty set. 
2
Therefore, A and B are not mutually
N 
exclusive.   2
The Required Pr obability  
2 
P(A  B)  P(A) . P(B) 3N
Therefore, A and B are not independent. 2
2
10. Ans: 0.2   0.66
3
Sol: To find the number of favourable cases
consider the following partition of the given 12. Ans: 0.125
set {1, 2, ...., 100} Sol: Total number of outcomes = 63
S1 = {1, 6, 11, ......., 96} Number of outcomes in which sum of the
S2 = {2, 7, 12, ......., 97} numbers is 10 = Number of non-negative
S3 = {3, 8, 13, ......., 98} integer solutions to the equation a+b+ c =10
S4 = {4, 9, 14, ......., 99} where 1  a, b, c  6
S5 = {5, 10, 15, ....., 100} = Co-efficient of x10 in the function
(x + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6)3
(x+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6)3 = x3(1+x+x2+x3+x4+x5)3

= x3(1 – x6 )3 (1 – x)–3 n
 2k 

n  1n  2 .x n Expectation =  k 2
. 
n n  1 
= x3(1–3x6 + 3x12 – x18)  0 2
k 1 
n 2 n  1
2
2

n  1n  2 .x n = .
= (x3 – 3x9 + 318 – x21)  0 2 n n  1 4
n n  1
Co-efficient of x10 = 36 – 3  3 = 27 =
2
27
 Required probability = = 0.125
216 16. Ans: (b)
Sol: The probability that she gives birth between
13. Ans: (a) 1
Sol: If A and B be disjoint events then AB={ } 8 am and 4 pm in a day =
3
Probability of A  B = 0 ................ (1) By Total theorem of probability,
If A and B are independent then 1 3  2 1
P(A  B) = P(A).P(B) ............. (2) The required probability =       
3 4 3 4
From (1) and (2)
5
P(A).P(B) = 0 =
12
 Pr(A) = 0 or Pr(B) = 0
17. Ans: (b)
14. Ans: 2.916 range 2.9 to 2.92 Sol: Let A = getting red marble both times
1
Sol: E(X) = 1  2  3  4  5  6 = 3.5 B = getting both marbles of same colour
6 3 2
P( A  B)  .
1

E(X2) = 12  2 2  33  4 4  5 2  6 2 
6
91
6
 10 10
7 6 3 2
2
 Variance = E(X ) – {E(X)} 2 P( B)  .  .
10 10 10 10
91
 3.5 = 2.916 P( A  B) 6 1
2
= Required probability   =
6 P( B) 48 8
15. Ans: (c)

18. Ans: (d)
Sol: Total number of counters = 1 + 2 + ........ + n
Sol: Let E1 = The item selected is produced
n n  1 machine C and E2 = Item selected is
=
2 defective
Probability of choosing counter k and
20 5
2k PE1  E2   .
winning k2 = 100 100
n n  1

  50  3  30  4  20  5  n
1
 a Cn, k  a . 1
k k n k
P E2  .  .  .  =
100  100  100  100  100  100  2n k 0
n
Required probability  a 1
= 
P(E1  E 2 ) 100 10  2 
 PE1 / E 2    
PE 2  370 37
22. Ans: (d)
19. Ans: 0.75 (No range)
Sol: Given that mean = E(X) = 1

Sol: Total probability =  f x dx  1

and Variance = V(X) = 5
E((2 + X)2) = E[X2 + 4X + 4]
2
= E(X2) + 4 E(X) + 4
  cx dx  1
Given V(X) = 5
0
 E(X2) – (E(X))2 = 5
1
c  E(X2) = 5 + 1 = 6
2
 2 E((2 + X)2) = 6 + 4(1) + 4 = 14
1 3
PX  1   f x dx   x dx   =0.75
2 4
1 1
23. Ans: (a)

20. Ans: 1.944 range 1.94 to 1.95
Sol: The probability distribution for Z is
Sol: Total Probability =  P(X  x)  1
x 1
Z 0 1 2 3 4 5  x 1
P(Z)
6 10 8 6 4 2   K1  
x 1
1
36 36 36 36 36 36
 K( 1+ (1-) + (1 – )2 + …….. ) = 1
E(Z) =  Z. PZ 
K
=1
1  1   
1
= 0.6  1.10  28  36  44  52 K=
36
70 35
= = = 1.944 24. Ans : 209
36 18
1 1 1
Sol: E(X) =  x P(x) =  3  6   9 
6 2 3
21. Ans: (c) 11
=
n
2
x
Sol: E(a ) = a k
. PX  k 
1 1 1
k 0
E(X2) = x2 P(x) = 9   36   81
k n k 6 2 3
n
1 1
=  a k Cn, k    .  93
k 0 2 2 =
2

 E(2X + 1)2 = E(4X2 + 4X + 1) 1

Solving, n = 4, p = q =
= 4E(X2) + 4E(X) + 1 2
93 11 1 1 1
3
= 4   4   1 = 209 P(X = 3) = C(4, 3).   .  = = 0.25
2 2 2 2 4
25. Ans: 0.1 29. Ans: (d)

10
Sol: Let X = Number of times we get negative
Sol: E(W) =  0
0.003 V 2 f (V ) dV
values.
10 1
  0.003 V 2 dV By using Binomial Distribution,
0 10
P(X = k) = C(n, k) pk qn – k
= 0.1 lb/ft2
1 1
Where f(V) = probability density function of V Where p = , q = , n = 5
2 2
Required probability = P(X  1)
26. Ans: (c)
= P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)
Sol: Let X = Number of rupees you win on each 5 4
throw. 1 1 1
= C0     5 C1     
5
The probability distribution of X is 2 2 2

1 5 6
X 0 1 2 3 4 5  
6 10 8 6 4 2 32 32
P(X) 36 36 36 36 36 36
35 30. Ans: (d)

E(X) =  X.P(X) =
18 Sol: We can choose four out of six winning in
C(6, 4) different ways and if the probability
27. Ans: 0.23 Range 0.22 to 0.24 of winning a game is p, then the probability
Sol: Let X = number of ones in the sequence of winning four out of six games
n=5 = C(6, 4) p4(1 – p)2
p = probability for digit 1 = 0.6 = 15(p4 – 2p5 + p6)
q = 0.4
Required probability = P(X = 2) 31. Ans: 0.5706
= C(5, 2). (0.6)2. (0.4)3 Sol: The odds that the program will run is 2 : 1.
= 0.23 2
Therefore, Pr(a program will run) = . Let B
3
28. Ans: 0.25 Range 0.24 to 0.26 denote the event that four or more programs
Sol: Given that, mean = 2(variance) will run and Aj denote that exactly j program
 np = 2(npq) ........... (1) will run. Then,
further, np + npq = 3 .......... (2) Pr(B) = Pr(A4  A5  A6)

= Pr(A4) + Pr(A5) + Pr(A6) 35. Ans: 0.865 range 0.86 to 0.87

 2 1
4 2
 2 1 2
5 5
Sol: Let X = number of cashew nuts per biscuit.
 C(6,4)      C(6,5)     C(6,6) 
 3  3  3  3  3 We can use Poisson distribution with mean
= 0.5706 2000
 2
1000
32. Ans: 4 e   . k
Sol: If n missiles are fired then probability of not P (X  k )  (k  0,1,2...)
k
hitting the target = [1 – (0.3)]n = (0.7)n Probability that the biscuit contains no
 Probability of hitting the target atleast cashew nut = P (X = 0)
once = 1 – (0.7)n = e– = e–2 = 0.135
We have to fired the smallest +ve integer n Required probability = 1 – 0.135 = 0.865
75
so that, {1 – (0.7)n} >
100
n 36. Ans: 0.2
 {1 – (0.7) } > 0.75
Sol: The area under normal curve is 1 and the
The smallest +ve integer satisfying this
curve is symmetric about mean.
inequality is n = 4
33. Ans: 0.224 range 0.2 to 0.3 0.3

180
Sol: Average calls per minute = =3 80 100 120
60
Here, we can use poisson distribution with  P(100 < X < 120) = P(80 < X < 120)
 = 3. = 0.3
Now, P(X < 80) = 0.5 – P(80 < X < 120)
e 3 .32
Required Probability = P(X = 2) = = 0.5 – 0.3 = 0.2
2!
e 3 .9
= = 4.5 e–3 = 0.224 37. Ans: (a)
2 Sol: The standard normal variable Z is given by
34. Ans: 0.168 x
Z=
Sol:  = average number of cars pass that point in 
440
15 When x = 438 441
a 12 min period = 3 438
60 / 12 438  440
Using the Poisson distribution, Z= 2
1
z=-2 z=0 z=1
k When x = 441
Pr(k) = e  
k! 441  440
Z = 1
34 1
 Required probability Pr(4)=e–3 = 0.168
4!

The percentage of rods whose lengths lie Expected number of students who weigh
between 438 mm and 441 mm less than 68 kgs = 300 × 0.0918
= P(438 < x < 441) = 28
= P(–2 < Z < 1) (c) When X = 65, we have Z = –1
= P(–2 < Z< 0) + P(0 < Z< 1) When X = 71, we have Z = +1
0.9545 0.6826 Required probability = P(65< X < 71)
=  = 0.81855
2 2 = Area under the normal curve
 81.85 % to the left of Z = – 1 and
Z = +1
38. Ans: (d) = 0.6826
Sol: The parameters of normal distribution are  (By Property of normal curve)
= 68 and  = 3 Expected number of students who
Let X = weight of student in kgs weighs between 65 and 71 kgs
X  = 300 × 0.6826
Standard normal variable = Z =
  205
(a) When X = 72, we have Z = 1.33
Required probability = P(X > 72) 39. Ans: 0.8051
= Area under the normal curve to the Sol: The probability of population has
right of Z = 1.33 Alzheimer's disease is
= 0.5 – (Area under the normal curve p = 0.04, q = 0.96, n = 3500
between Z = 0 and Z = 1.33)  = np = (3500) (0.04) = 140
= 0.5 – 0.4082 2 = npq = (3500) (0.04) (0.96)
= 0.0918 2 = 134.4,   11.59
Expected number of students who weigh Let X = number of people having
greater than 72 kgs = 300 × 0.0918 Alzheimer's disease
= 28  X   150   
(b) When X = 64, we have Z = –1.33 PX  156   P  
   
Required probability = P(X  64)
 150  140 
= Area under the normal curve to the  P Z  
 11.59 
left of Z = – 1.33
= P(Z < 0.86)
= 0.5 – (Area under the normal curve
between Z = 0 and Z = 1.33)
(By symmetry of normal curve)
= 0.5 – 0.4082
= 0.0918 Z = 0 Z = 0.86

= 0.5 + Area between z = 0 & z = 0.86 x3 1

1
= 0.5 + 0.3051 E(x )  2


3 0 3
= 0.8051
1
(c) E ( x )   x 3 f ( x )dx
2
40. Ans: 0.7 range 0.65 to 0.75 0
Sol: The probability density function of 1

x4 1
 1  
for 0  x  10 4 4
X  f x   10 0
 0 otherwise
(d) Variance = E(x2) – (E(x))2
 
10 
P  X    7  {P X 2  10  7X
X
  1 1 1 1 1
2
       
3 2 3 4 12
= P(X2 – 7X + 10  0)
= P{(X – 5) (X – 2) 0}
42. Ans: (d)
= P(X  2 or X  5)
Sol: If point chosen is (0,0) then length of
= 1 – P(2  X  5)
position vector (minimum value of P can be
= 1   f x  dx
5
O) will be 0 and the maximum value of P be
2
15 5 when point chosen is (1,2)

 1  dx
2 10 Minimum value of P = 0 at (0,0) point
3 Maximum value of P = 5 at (1,2) point
 1   0.7
10 Probability Density function of P =
1 1
f ( P)   as P is random variable
41. Ans: (d) 5 0 5
1
5
Sol: (a) E ( x )   x f ( x )dx E ( P 2 )   P 2 f ( P) dP
0
0
1
f (x)  1 5
1
ba E(P )   P 2
2
dP
1 0 5
x2 1
E( x )   5
2 0 2 1  P3 
  
1 5  3  0
(b) E ( x 2 )   x 2 f ( x )dx 1 1 1
0   ( 5 )3   5  5
5 3 3
1 1
f (x)   1 5
b  a 1 0 E(P 2 ) 
3

43. Ans: (i) a (ii) b 44. Ans: (a)

Sol: Given that passenger derives at a bus stop at Sol: We can use Exponential Distribution with
10 AM: mean  = 5
While stop arrive time is uniformly Let X is waiting time in minutes.
distributed between 10AM to 10:30AM Probability Density function of X is
f (x) 
1

1

1 f(x) = 0.2 e–(0.2)x if x  0
b  a 30  0 30 =0 if x < 0
(i) As we know passenger arrives bus stop The required probability = P(0 < X < 1)
at 10:00AM. But as given he want to wait 1
more than 10 minutes means 10:10AM to =  0.2 e 0.2 x dx = 0.1813

0
10:30AM
30
PX  10 min    f ( x ) dx 45. Ans: (b)
10 Sol: In case of exponential distribution
30
1  e  x x  0
 10 30 dx f ( x )
0 otherwise
1 1
30
( x )10 Mean =
30 
20 1
 Variance =
30 2
2 f(x) = 2 e–2x

3 1 1
mean  
(ii) As per given condition passenger will  2
has to wait 10 : 15 AM to 10 : 25 AM. 1 1
variance  2 
25
 4
P(15  x  25) =  f x  dx
15
46. Ans: 0.3678
25
1 Sol: The probability density function is
=  dx
15
30 P(x) =  e–x x0
10 =0 x<0
=
30 Probability that x exceeds th expected value
1  1

= P X      e x dx
3   1
x


 e x 
 49. Ans: Mean = 34, Median = 35, Modes
   = 35, 36 & SD = 4.14
    x1
  xi
Sol: Mean = = 34




0  e 1  n
Median is the middle most value of the data
= e–1 by keeping the data points in increasing order
= 0.3678 or decreasing order.
Mode = 36
47. Ans: 0.0025 S.D = 4.14
Sol: f(x) = 2 e–2x
The probability that shower more than three 50. Ans:
minutes
 x . PX  k 
5

Sol:  = Mean = k
  f ( x ) dx
k 1
3 = 1(0.1) + 2(0.2) + 3(0.4) + 4(0.2)+ 5(0.1)

 =3
 2 e 2 x
dx P(X  2) = 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.3
3

P(X  3) = 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.4 = 0.7
 e 2 x  23
 2    Median = = 2.5
  2 3 2
= –1 ( 0 – e–6) Mode = The value of X at which P(X) is
= e–6 = 0.0025 maximum = 3
5
48. Ans: (a)

Variance =  x . PX  k   
k 1
2
k
2

Sol:  P(X  r )  1 = 10.2 – 9 = 1.2
r 1 Standard deviation = 1.2 = 1.095
2
 k(1 + (1–) + (1–) + …….. ) = 1
 1  51. If the probability density function of a
 k  1
1  1    random variable X is given by
k= kx (1  x ), 0  x  1
f (x)  
 P(X = r) = (1–)r–1 0, otherwise
This function is maximum when r = 1. then find k, mean, median, mode and
 mode = 1 standard deviation.

1 1 For max or min f1(x) = 0  6 – 12x = 0

51. Ans: k = 6, Mean = , Median = ,
2 2 1
x= f11(x) = –12 f 11  1   12 < 0
1 1 2 2
Mode = and S.D =
2 2 5  maximum at x = 1/2

 mode is 1/2
Sol: We have

 f (x) dx  1 S.D = E( x 2 )  (E( x ))2 
1
1 2 5
 k(x  x ) dx  1
2
0 52. Ans: (i) a (ii) c (iii) d

 x 2   x 3  1 1
Sol: The regression line of x and y is
 k        1 2x – y – 20 = 0
 2 0  3 0 
2x = y + 20
1 1 1
 k   1 x = y  10
 2 3 2
 3 2 The regression coefficient of x and y is
k =1k=6
 6  1
bxy =
 1 2
 xf (x) dx   6(x  x 3 ) dx
2
Mean = The regression line of y on x is
 0
2y – x + 4 = 0
1
 x3 x4  1 1  1 2y = x – 4
= 6    6    
3 4 0 3 4 2 1
y= x2
Median is that value ‘a’ for which 2
a The regression coefficient of y on x is
1 1
P( X  a ) =
2 
0
6( x  x 2 ) dx 
2 byx =
1
2
 2 3

 6 a  a   1 (i) The correlation coefficient is
 2 3 2
1
1 r= b yx b xy 
2 3
 3a –2a = 2 4
1
1 r=
a= 2
2 1
Mode a that value at which f(x) is max/min (ii) Given  y 
4
 f(x) = 6x –6x2 y
f1(x) = 6 – 12x byx = r
x

1 54.
1 1 4 Sol:

2 2 x X 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Y 67 68 66 69 72 72 69
1
 x =
4 We effect change of origin in respect of both
(iii) Both regression lines passing through x and y the new origins are chosen at or near
x, y  , we have the average of extreme values thus we take
2 x  y  20  0 65  71
 68 as the new origin for x and
2y  x  4  0 2
66  72
 69 as the new origins for y. viz;
By solving these two equations, we get 2
x  12 and y  4 we put
u = x – 68 and v = y– 69
53. Ans: 0.18 u= v=
X Y u2 v2 uv
Sol: Given: byx = 1.6 and bxy = 0.4 x-68 y-69
65 67 –3 –2 9 4 6
r  b yx b xy 66 68 –2 –1 4 1 2
67 66 –1 –3 1 9 3
r  1 .6  0 .4 68 69 0 0 0 0 0
69 72 1 3 1 9 3
r = 0.8 70 72 2 3 4 9 6
y 71 69 3 0 9 0 0
Now, byx = r Total 0 0 28 31 20
x
1.6  0.8
y
r=
 uv
x
u . v2 2
y 1.6 2 20
  =  0.67
x 1.8 1 28. 31
  x = 1 and  y = 2
55. Ans: (b)
The angle between two regression lines is
Sol: Null Hypothesis H0: The sample has been
1 r2   x y  drawn from a population with mean  = 280
tan      
 r   2  2  days
 x y 
Alternate Hypothesis H1: The sample is not
1  0.82   1 2  
=   2 2
= 0.18 drawn from a population with mean  = 280
 0.8   1  2 
i.e.   280
Two-tailed test should be used.

x  The difference between p and P is significant

Now the test statistic z 
 at 5% level.
n Also H0 is rejected. Hence H0 is wrong or the
 = 280, x = mean of the sample = 265 production of the particular day chosen is not
 = 30, n = size of the sample = 400 a representative sample.
265  280 95% confidence limits for P are given by
Z  10
30 pP
 1.96
400 pq
 |Z| = 10 n
Z = 1.96 Note:
Since |Z| = 10 > 1.96, we reject null pq
We have taken in the denominator,
hypothesis n
The sample is not drawn from population. because P is assumed to be unknown, for
56. Ans: (c) which we are trying to find the confidence
Sol: H 0 : P  1 , i.e., 20% of the product limits and P is nearly equal to p.
5
 pq   pq 
manufactured is of top quality. i.e.  p   1.96   P   p   1.96 
 n   n 
1
H1 : P  .
5  1 7 1 
i.e.  0.125     1.96   P
p = proportion of top quality products in the  8 8 400 
sample
 1 7 1 

50 1
   0.125     1.96 
 8 8 400 
400 8
From the alternative hypothesis H1, we
i.e. 0.093  P  0.157
note that two-tailed test is to be used.
Therefore, 95% confidence limits for the
Let LOS be 5%. Therefore, z = 1.96.
percentage of top quality product are 9.3 and
1 1
 15.7.
pP 8 5
z 
PQ 1 4 1
  57. Ans: (d)
n 5 5 400
Sol: H0: p = P, i.e. the hospital is not efficient.
Since the size of the sample is equal to 400.
H1: p < P
3
i.e., z   50  3.75 One-tailed (left-tailed) test is to be used.
40
Let LOS be 1%.
Now |z| = 3.75 > 1.96.
Therefore, z = – 2.33.

pP 63 dy dt
z , where p   0.0984  1 
PQ 640 dx dx
n dy dt
   1 ............... (3)
P = 0.1726, Q = 0.8274 dx dx
0.0984  0.1726 Using (2) & (3), (1) becomes
z   4.96
0.1726  0.8274 dt
1  t 2
640 dx
 |z| > |z| dt dt
  1 t2   dx
Therefore, difference between p and P is dx 1 t2
significant. i.e., H0 is rejected and H1 is Integrating both sides
accepted. dt
That is, the hospital is efficient in bringing
 1  t 2   dx
down the fatality rate of typhoid patients.  tan–1 t = x + c
 The general solution of (1) is
04_Differential Equations tan–1(x + y – 1) = x + c
(or) x + y–1 = tan(x + c)
(or) y = 1 – x + tan(x+c)
01. Ans: (a)
Sol: Given y dx + (1 + x2) (1 + log y) dy = 0 .......
03. Ans: (d)
(1)
dy
Dividing by y(1+x2) Sol: Given  y  1 ............. (1)
dx
1  1 log y 
 dx     dy  0 with y = 0 at x = 0 .............. (2)
1 x2 y y 
dy
  1 y
1 1 1 
 1 x 2
dx     log y  dy  c dx
y y  dy
  dx
 tan 1 ( x)  log y 
log y 2  c is a general
1 y
2 dy
    dx
solution of equation (1) y 1
 log(y – 1) = –x + c
02. Ans: (d)  y – 1 = e–x + c = k e–x where k = ec
dy  x = 1 + ke–x ……………(3)
 x  y  1 ………… (1)
2
Sol: Given
dx Using (2), (3) becomes
Put x + y –1 = t ............... (2) 0 = 1 + k (or) k = –1
 The solution of (1) with (2) is y = 1 – e–x.

04. Ans: (a) 06. Ans: (d)

dy dy y  y
Sol: Given  7 x 2 y  0 ---------- (1) Sol:   sec  -------- (1)
dx dx x  x
3 y
with y(0)  ---------- (2) Let    z  y = zx
7 x
Now, (1) is written as
dy  dz 
1  z  x 
  dy   7 x 2dx  C dx  dx 
y
 (1) becomes
7x3 dx 
 log y  C 
3  z  x   z  sec z
 dx 
7x3
 C
 ye 3
-------- (3) dz
x  sec z
Using (2), (3) becomes dx
dx
3 3
 e0 .eC (or ) eC  -------- (4)  cos z dz   x
7 7
sin z = log x + c
 The solution of (1) with (3) & (4) is given
by y
sin    log x  c
7 x 3 7 x 3 7 x 3 x
C 3
y  y( x )  e e .e  .e
C 3
3 3
7 07. Ans: (b)
3 
7
Sol: (3x2y2 + x2)dx + (2x3y+y2)dy = 0
Hence, y(1)  y  .e 3
7 (3x2y2 dx + 2x3y dy) + x2 dx + y2 dy = 0
 dx y    x dx   y dy  c
3 2 2 2
05. Ans: (a)

 x 3   y3 
dy 3 x  2 xy
2 x 3 y 2        c
Sol:   3   3 
dx x2
x2 dy = (3x2 – 2 xy) dx 08. Ans: (a)
(x2 dy + 2xy dx) = 3x2 dx Sol: (x2y2 + y)dx + (2x3y – x)dy = 0
 dx y   3x dx (x2 y2 dx + 2x3ydy) + (ydx – x dy) = 0
2 2
 ydx  xdy 
 x3  (y2 dx + 2xy dy) +  0
x 2 y  3   c  x2 
 3 
 dxy    d x   c
2  y
(x y – x3) = c
2
x2( y – x) = c
y
xy2    = c
x

09. Ans: (b) 11. Ans: (c)

Sol: (y – xy2)dx + (x + x2y) dy = 0 Sol: Given that
(ydx + xdy) + xy (xdy – ydx) = 0
r sin d + (r3 – 2r2 cos + cos)dr = 0
ydx  xdy   xdy  ydx   0
xy Let M = r sin and N = r3 – 2r2 cos + cos
dxy   xdy  ydx  M
 sin 
 0
xy 2  xy  r
d xy  y N
 (2r 2  1) sin 
 xy    d log x   c
2 
1 y M N
  log   c 
xy x r   2 r  1 
M  r
10. Ans: (a)  1
 2 r  r  dr
Sol: 2xy3 dx + (3x2y2 + x2y3 + 1)dy = 0 I.F = e
(3x2y2 + x2y3 + 1) dy =  2 xy3 dx
2
er
= 2
dx 3x x 1 r
  
dy 2 y 2 2xy 3 Multiplying the given equation by I.F
dx  3 1  1
    x 
2 2
er er
dy  2 y 2  2xy 3 2
sin d + 2
(r3 – 2r2 cos + cos)dr = 0
r r
dx  3  2  1
2x    1 x  3    (1) The above equation is exact.
dy  y  y
2
er
dx dz
 r 2 sin d +  e r dr = c
r2
Let x2 = z  2x 
dy dy
2 2
(1) becomes  e r cos  e r
  c
dz  3   1  r 2
   1 z    
dy  y   y 3 
2 
  y 1  dy 12. Ans: (a)
I.F = e  e 3 log y y  y 3 e y
Sol: Given equation
 1 
 
 z y 3 e y    3  y 3 e y dy (x2y – 2xy2)dx + (3x2y – x3)dy = 0
y  dy - (x 2 y - 2xy 2 ) 2 y 2  xy
 
=  ey + c dx (3x 2 y - x 3 ) 3xy  x 2
x2 y3 ey + ey = c The above equation is homogenous

Put y = vx ex
 sin x  cos x   c
dy dv 2
vx
dx dx 1
y  sin x  cos x   ce x
dv 2v 2  v  v2 2
vx  v
dx 3v  1 3v  1 1
y() = 1 1    ce 
3v  1 dx 2
2
dv  0
v x 1 
e c
1 2
Integrating 3logv +  log x  c

v

 y  sin x  cos x  e   x
2

x  y3 
   log 2   c
y x 
15. Ans: (b)
1
13. Ans: (a) 3y 3xy 3
Sol: x4y1 + 4x3y = x8 Sol: y1  

2 2
dy dy 3 2 / 3  3x 
x4  4x 3 y  x 8 y 1 / 3  y    ------- (1)
dx dx 2  2 
dy 4 y
  x4 Let y2/3 = z
dx x
2 dy dz
4  dx
1  y 1 / 3  ----------(2)
I.F : e   e x 3 dx dx
Pdx
From (1) & (2)

 e 4 log x  x 4
dz
 
 y x 4   x 4 .x 4dx
dx
z  x
 x4  I.F: e 1.dx  e x
    c
 9   ze x   xe x dx
 x5 c  y 2 / 3e x  e x x  1  c
y    4 
 9 x  y2/3 = (x – 1) + c e-x
14. Ans: (a) 16. Ans: (b)

Sol: y1 + y = sin x dy
Sol: Given tan y  tan x  cos y cos 2 x
dy dx
 y  sin x
dx dy
sec y tan y  sec y tan x  cos 2 x ...... (1)
I.F : e  1.dx  e x dx
yex   e x sin x dx Put sec y = v ......... (2)

dy dv 20. Ans: (b)

 sec y tan y  .......... (3)
dx dx Sol: Given equation of (D2 + 1)2y = 0
Using (2) and (3), (1) becomes The auxiliary equation is
dv (m2 + 1)2 = 0
 tan x v  cos 2 x
dx m=i,i
I.F = etan x dx = sec x y = (c1 + c2x) cosx + (c3 + c4x) sinx
The solution is
v. sec x =  cos2 x .sec x dx + c 21. Ans: 4.54
sec y = cos x(sin x + c) is a G.S d2y
Sol: Given 2  8y  0 .............. (1)
dt 2
17. Ans: (d) with y(0) = 0 .......... (2)
Sol: y  + 4y + 5y = 0 and y(0) = 10 ............. (3)
(D2 + 4 D + 5) y = 9 Now, (1) can be written as f(D)y = 0,
AE has roots (2  i) d
where f(D) = D2 + 4 and d =
 y = e-2x( c1 cos 2x + c2 sin x) dt
The auxiliary equation of (1) is given by f(m)
18. Ans: (c) =0
Sol: Given equation y  – 4y – 6y = 0  m2 + 4 = 0
The auxiliary equation is  m = 0  2i
m2 – 4m – 6 = 0  The general solution of (1) is given by
4  16  24 y = c1 cos (2t) + c2 sin (2t) .............. (4)
m= = 2  10
2  y = –2c1 sin (2t) + 2c2 cos (2t) .......... (5)
The solution is Using (2), (4) becomes
y = c1 e 2  10 x  c 2e 2  10 x
0 = c1 + 0 ................... (6)
Using (3), (5) becomes
By algebraic manipulation
10 = 0+ 2c2
= e 2x [c1 cosh ( 10 ) x  c 2 sinh ( 10 ) x ]  c2 = 5 ................ (7)
 The solution of (1) with (2) & (3) is given
19. Ans: (a) by y = y(t) = 5 sin(2t)
Sol: y  – 6y  + 11y  – 6y = 0 Hence, y(1) = 5 sin(2) = 5(0.9092) = 4.54
(D3 – 6 D2 + 11 D – 6) y = 0
(D – 1) (D2 – 5D + 6) y = 0
(D – 1) (D – 2) (D – 3) y = 0
AE has roots 1, 2, 3
 y = (c1 ex + c2e2x + c3 e3x)

22. Ans: (b) 25. Ans: (c)

Sol: The given equation is Sol: y  – 4 y  + 13 y = e2x
(D2 + 1) y = 0 (D2 – 4D + 13) y = e2x
 A.E has roots  i A.E has roots (2  3 i)
 y = (c1 cost + c2 sint)  yc = e2x (c1 cos 3 x + c2 sin 3 x)
1 = c1 ……(1) ( y = 1 at t = 0) e2 x e2 x e2 x
yp   
dy
  c1 sin t  c 2 cos t   
D 2  4D  13 4  8  13 9
dt  y = (yc + yp)
 dy 
0 = c2……(2)   0 at t  0  e2x
 dt  = e2x (c1 cos 3x + c2 sin 3x) +
9
 from (1) & (2)
y = cos t 26. Ans: 5
Sol: y v + 4y  + 8y  + 8y  + 4 y = 20
23. Ans: (b) (D4 + 4D3 + 8 D2 + 8D + 4) y = 20 e0.x
x
  3  3  20.e0.x
Sol: c1 e x  e 2 c2 cos  x  c3 sin  
 2  x yp  4


 2     
D  4 D 3  8D 2  8D  4 
 1 3  20.e 0.x
 AE has roots 1,   i  =5
 2 2  4
 (D – 1) (D2 + D + 1) y = 0
27. Ans: (a)
(D3 – 1) y = 0
Sol: yv – y  = 12ex
(D5 – D) y = 12 ex
24. Ans: (b)
12e x
Sol: y = (c1ex + c2 ex cos x + c3 ex sin x) is the  yp 
general solution from the given independent

D D4 1 
solutions 12e x

 y = c1 ex + ex (c2 cos x + c3 sin x) DD  1D  1 D 2  1  
 A.E. has roots 1, (1  i) 12xe x

 (D – 1) (D2 – 2D + 2) y = 0 2.2
(D3 – 3 D2 + 4D – 2) y = 0 yp = 3x ex
28. Ans: (c)

d2y dy
Sol: 2
 4  5y  2 cos h ( x )
dx dx

(D2 + 4D + 5) y = - (ex + e-x) 31. Ans: (*)
yp 

 e e x x
 Sol:
d3 y
4
dy
 sin (2x )

D 2  4D  5  dx 3
dx
 ex e x (D3 + 4D) y = sin 2x
 
1  4  5 1  4  5  yp  3
sin 2 x
 ex ex
D  4D
  1 sin 2 x
10 2 

D D2  4 
29. Ans: (d) 1 x 
yp   cos 2x 
d2y D 4 
Sol: The given equation is  ex
dx 2
1x cos 2x 
   sin 2 x  
dy 42 4 
  e x  c1
dx 1
  2x sin 2x  cos 2 x 
 y = ex + c1x + c2 ........... (i) 8
 y(0) = 1  c2 = 0
 y1(0) = 2  c1 = 1 32. Ans: (a)
Substituting the values of c1 & c2 in (i), we Sol: y  + y = sin(3x)
get y = ex + x (D3 + 1) y = sin 3x
sin 3x
yp  3
30. Ans: (a) D 1  
d2y sin 3x
Sol:  y  cos( x)  (Replacing D2 by -9)
dx 2  9D  1
(D2 + 1) y = cos x sin 3x
 1  9D 
A.E has roots  i 
1  81D 2 
 yc = (c1 cos x + c2 sin x)

1  9D sin 3x
 y = (yc + yp) = (c1 cos x + c2 sin x + 1  81 9 
x 1
2
sin x)  sin 3x  27 cos 3x 
730
y(0) = 1  1 = c1
  33. Ans: (c)
y(/2) = 0  0 = c 2   c 2   c
4 4 Sol: y  + 8y = x4 + 2x + 1
  x  (D2 + 8) y = (x4 + 2x + 1)
 y   cos x  sin x  sin x 
 4 2 

yp 
x  2x  1
4
  x2 
 e  x  2 

D3  8  D 
1
1  D3 
 1 
8
 x 4  2 x  1
8 
   1 x4 
 e  x  . 
3 4 
1  D3  4 x 4 .e  x
 1 
8
 x  2x  1
8 
  
12
1

 x 4  2 x  1  3x
8
 36. Ans: (a)
Sol: y  – 2y  + 5y = ex cos(3x)
1

 x 4  x 1
8
 (D2 – 2D + 5)y = ex cos 3x
e x cos 3x
 yp 
34. Ans: (b) D 2  2D  5 
Sol: y  – 4y  – 2y = x2 cos 3x
(D2 – 4D – 2) y = x2
 ex

D  1  2D  1  5
2

cos 3x
 ex
1  D2  
1

D2  4 
yp 

x2
D  4D  2
2
  
 1
2 
 
 2
D    x 2
2  
  e x
 cos 3x
5
1  D2  
  1   2D 
2  2 
  4D 2  x 2   37. Ans: (b)
 Sol: y  + 4y = x sin(x)
1 9 
  1  2D  D 2  x 2   D 2
 4 y  x sin x
2 2 
x sin x
yp 

1 2

x  4x  9  D2  4
2
 sin x   2D 
 x 2  sin x
35. Ans: (d)  D  4   D 2  4 
2
 
Sol: (y  + 2y  + y) = x2e–x x 2
 sin x  cos x
(D2 + 2D + 1)y = x2 e-x 3 9
(D + 1)2 y = x2 e-x
ex x 2
yp 
D  12

38. Ans: (a) 40. Ans: (c)

e3x Sol: x2y  – 4xy + 6y = 0
Sol: y  – 6y  + 9y =
x2 d
Put x = ez and D =
dz
 e 3x
D  6D  9 y  2
2
x
 D(D – 1) y – 4 D y + 6y = 0
e3 x (D2 – 5 D + 6) y = 0
D  3 y  2
2
(D – 2) (D – 3) y = 0
x
yc = (c1 + c2 x) e3x  y = (c1 e2z + c2 e3z)
= (c1 e3x + c2 xe3x = c1 y1 + c2 y2 = (c1 x2 + c2 x3)
e3 x xe3x
W  e6 x 41. Ans: (b)
3e 3x
3xe  e
3x 3x
Sol: z = axn + byn ---------- (1)
Let yp = (A y1 + B y2) from method of Differentiating equation (1) partially with
variations of parameters. respect to x
e3 x xe3x p
Where A     6 x dx p = n a xn-1  axn-1 = ----------- (2)
x2 e n
= - log x z
where p 
e3 x e 3 x 1 x
and B   2
 6 x dx 
x e x Differentiating equation (1) partially with
 1 respect to y
y p   log x e3 x    xe3x
 x  q
q = n b yn-1  byn-1 = ----------- (3)
= - e3x (log x + 1) n
z
where q 
39. Ans: (a) y
Sol: x2y  – 2xy  + 2y = 4 From (1)
x D  1y  2Dy  2 y  4e0.z z = a xn-1. x + b yn-1 .y
(D2 – 3D + 2) y = 4 e0.z px qy
z 
(D – 1) (D – 2) y = 4 . e0.z n n
yc = (c1 ez + c2 e2z) px + qy = nz
4e0.z
yp  2 42. Ans: (b)
D  1D  2
Sol: f(x2 + y2 + z2 , x + y + z) = 0

y  y c  y p   c1x  c 2 x 2  2  Or x + y + z = f(x2 + y2 + z2) ---------- (1)
Differentiating (1) partially with respect to
‘x’

1+ p = f  (x2 + y2 + z2) (2x + 2zp) --------(2) 47. Ans: (c)

Differentiating (1) partially w . r. t ‘y’ u u
Sol: Sol: 2 u --------- (1)
1+ q = f  (x2 + y2 + z2) (2y + 2zq) x t
1 q u(x, 0) = 6e–3x -------- (2)

f  x 2  y2  z2  
2 y  2zq
 (3)
u = XT ------- (3) where X is a function of
Sub (3) in (2) ‘x’ only and T is a function of ‘t’ only
Sub (3) in (1)
 1 q 
1  p   2 x  2zp  XT = 8 XT + XT
 2 y  2zq 
XT = X (2T + T)
(1 + p) 2 (y + zq) = (1 + q) 2 (x + pz)
X' 2T  T
y + py +zq + pqz = x + xq + pz + pqz  K
X T
p(y – z) + q (z –x) = x – y
X' 8T  T
k & K
X T
43. Ans: (b)
X' dX
Sol: uxx – 6uxy + 9uyy = xy2 k  kX
B2 – 4AC = 36 – 4(1) (9) = 36 – 36 = 0 X dx
Equation (1) is parabolic dX
 k dx
X
44. Ans: (c) On integrating
log X = kx + log C1
Sol: 3uxx + 6uxy – 16uyy = 0  (1)
B2 – 4AC = 36 – 4 (3) (–16) X = c1 ekx  (4)
= 36 + 192 = 228 > 0 2T   T
 k  2T + T = kT
Equation (1) is hyperbolic T
dT k  1T

45. Ans: (a) dt 2
Sol: 6uxx + 7uyy – 3uxy = 4ux + uy 1  k 1
dT   dt
B2 – 4AC = 9 – 4 (6) (7) = 9 – 168 = – 159 < T  2 
0 On integrating
Equation (1) is elliptic  k  1
Log T =   t  log C 2
 2 
46. Ans: (c)  k 1 
 t
Sol: x5 uxx – xuyy + 2uy = 0 x > 0 T = c2 e  (5)
 2 
B2 – 4AC = 0 – 4 (x5) (–x) = 4x6 > 0 Sub (4) & (5) in (3)
Equation (1) is hyperbolic  k 1 
 t
kx  2 
u = c 1 e c2 e
Given u(x, 0) = 6e–3x

6e–3x = u(x, 0) = C1C2 ekx X 4Y

 k
c1c2 = 6 & k = –3 X Y
 31 
 t X 4Y
u = 6e . e–3x  2   k and k
X Y
u = 6e–3x e–2t ky
kx
 X = c1 e and Y = c 2 e 4
48. Ans: (b) Now, the solution is,

u  u 2 ky
Sol: The given equation is   2 .......... (1) u = c1c2 ekx e 4
t x
ky
Let u = X(x).T(t) be the solution of (1) u = c3 ekx e 4 ......... (ii)
 2u u
Then = X T and = XT
x t Given u 0, y   8e 3 y
2
Substituting in equation (i) k

y
–3y
X T =  XT   8e = u(0,y) = c3 e 4
X T  c3= 8, k = –12

 k
X T  u = 8 e–12x–3y
X k T
 and k
X  T 50. Ans: (a)
k k
x x Sol: The given equation is
 T = c1 ekt and X = c 2 e 
+ c3 e 
p – q = log(x + y)
The solution of equation (1) is  The auxiliary equations are
  k 
x

 k
  x

 dx dy dz
u = c1e c 2e
kt  
 c 3e     
  1  1 logx  y 
 
dx dy
Consider 
1 1
49. Ans: (a)
x+y=C
u u
Sol: Given 4 ............. (i) dx dz
x y Consider 
1 logx  y 
Let u = X(x).Y(y) be the solution of (i)
1
u u  dx = dz
Then = X Y and = XY  log C
x y
z
Substituting in equation (i) x=  C1
log C
X1Y = 4XY 
z
x–  C1
log x  y

 The solution is 53. Ans: (d)

 z  Sol: Given p2 z2 + q2 = 1 ………..(1)
 x  y, x  0
 logx  y   where p 
z
, q
z
x y
51. Ans: (b) Let q = ap ……… (2)
Sol: The auxiliary equations are p2 z2 + a2 p2 = 1
dx dy dz  p2 (z2 + a2) = 1
  ............ (i)
zy xz yx 1
p
Using the multipliers 1, 1, 1 each of the a 2  z2
dx  dy  dz a
fractions in (i) =  q  ap  
0 a 2  z2
 dx+ dy + dz = 0
 x + y + z = C1 ......... (ii) Consider dz = p dx + q dy
Using the multipliers x, y, z each of the 1 a
 dz  dx  dy
fractions in (i) a z
2 2
a 2  z2
x dx  y dy  z dz
=   a 2  z 2 dz    dx   a dy  c
0
 x dx+ y dy + z dz = 0 z 2 a2
 a  z 2  sinh 1 z / a   x  ay   c
 x2 + y2 + z2 = C2 ........ (iii) 2 2
 The solution is is a required solution.
f(x + y + z, x2 + y2 + z2) = 0
54. Ans: (b)
Sol: The given equation is
52. Ans: (c)
Sol: The given equation is p2 + q2 = x + y (Type-III)
2 2
q = 3p2 (Type-I)  p – x = y – q = a (say)
Let the solution be p= ax and q = ya
z = ax + by + c ......... (1) Consider dz = p dx + q dy
 p = a and q = b  dz = a  x dx + y  a dy
Substituting in the equation Type-I, we have
Intégrating,
b = 3a2 ...........(2)
2 2
z   a  x    y  a   b
3/ 2 3/ 2
Eliminating b from (1) & (2)
3 3
The solution is z = ax + 3a2y + c

55. Ans: (c) 1

1
u(1, 1) = 1 f 1  1   f 1  1   1 5
Sol: The given equation can be written as   2 

  
5  5  1  3 ds
2  1
1
1 5 5
z = px + qy + (Type-IV)
pq 6
1   4   6  5
 u(1, 1) = 3   3   3 s  4
5
The solution is
2   5   5  2 5
1
z  ax  by  for p = a & q = b
a  b   u(1, 1) =
1 3  15  6 4 
 4  6    

2 5  2 5 5
56. Ans: (d) 15 2
 u(1, 1) = 3   
 2u  2u 2 5
Sol: Given  25
x 2 t 2  u(1, 1) = 6
 2u 1  2u
(or)  ................. (1) 57. Ans: (a)
t 2 25 x 2
with u(0) = 3x ................. (2) u 1  2 u
Sol: Given that  ........ (1)
u 0 t  2 x 2
and = 3 ................. (3)
t  u 2  u
2
 c 
2 
If the given one dimensional wave equation   t x 
 2u 2 u
2
with B.C's : u(0, t) = 0 ( u(0, t) = 0)
is of the form  c , – <x < , t >
t 2 x 2 u(1, t) = 0 ( u(l, t) = 0)
0 and c > 0, satisfying the conditions u(x, 0) and I.C's : u(x, 0) = sin(x) ........ (2)
u x , 0 ( u( x, 0) = f(x))
= f(x) and  gx  , where f(x) &
t Now, the solution of (1) is given by
g(x) are given functions representing the  n 2 2c 2


t

 nx   
u ( x , t )   a n .sin 
2 
initial displacement and initial velocity, . e
n 1   
respectively then its general solution is given

by

2
 u(x, t) = a n sin( nx ).e  n t ............... (3)
x  ct n 1
u(x, t) = 1 f x  ct   f x  ct   1  gs  ds  nx 

2 2c x ct 2
where a n   f x sin   dx
Comparing the given problem with above 0   
general problem, we have Put t = 0 in (3), we get

1
c = , f(x) = 3x, g(x) = 3 u(x, 0) =  a n sin nx 
5 n 1

Now,
 sin(x) =  a n sin nx 
n 1

 sin(x) = a1 sin(x) + a2 sin(2x) + ..... 59. Ans: (b)

Comparing coefficients of sin on both sides Sol: Given u tt  2 2 u xx ........ (1)
of above, we get
( ∵ utt = c2uxx)
a1 = 1, a2 = 0, a3 = 0, a4 = 0, .................(4)
with B.C’s : u 0, t   0 ( u 0, t   0 )
 The solution of (1) with (2) from (3) and
(4) is u , t   0 (∵ u , t   0 )
 2  1  
 . 2   . t
 1    
and I.C’s : u x , 0   0 ( u x , 0   0 )
u(x, t) = sin(x). e = e–t sin(x)
  u 
u x , 0  2 sin x   x, 0   gx 
58. Ans: (c) t  t 
Sol: Given ut =  2 u 2
xx ……………(1)
The solution of (1) is given by

 nx   nct 
(∵ut = c2 uxx) u x, t    b n .sin  .sin  
n 1      
with B.C's: u(0, t)  0 
 u x, t    b n sin nx . sin n 2t  ........... (2)
( u (0, t )  0 ) n 1
u , t   0 ( u , t   0 )  
 u x , t    b n sin nx . cos2nt .2n
and I.C: u(x, 0) = sin(x) …........(2) t n 1
(∵u(x, 0) = f(x))  
 u x,0   b n sin nx (2n ) for t = 0
The solution of (1) is given by t n 1
 nc 
2
 sin(x) = b1sin(x). 2 + b2. 2(2). sin(2x) …

 nx    t
u(x, t) =  a n . sin  . e
 
1
n 1     b1 = , b2 = 0, b3 = 0, ............... (3)
2

a  The solution of (1) with given conditions

2
 u(x, t) = n .sin(nx ) e  2 n t
........ (3)
n 1
from (2) and (3) is given by

 u ( x, 0)   a n . sin(nx ) (for t = 0) u(x, t) = b1.sin(x) . sin(2t) + 0 + 0…….
1
 sin x . sin 2t 
n 1
 sin(x) = a1sinx + a2sin(2x) + .............. 2

 a1 = 1, a2 = 0, a3 = 0, a4 = 0, a5 = 0, ..........     1     2 
Hence, u  ,   sin  . sin  
(4) 3 6 2 3  6 
The solution of (1) with (2) from (3) and (4) 1 3 3 3
is  . . 
2 2 2 8
u(x, t) = a1 sin(x). e–2t

Hence, u(/2, log 5) = 1. sin( ). e–2log 5
2
= 5–2 = 0.04

y
60. Ans: (a)
u(x, ) =0
Sol: Given utt = uxx ……..(1) (∵ utt = c2 uxx) y=m=
with B.C’s: u(0, t)  0 ( u 0, t   0 )
u(0, y) = 0
u , t   0 (∵ u , t   0 ) u(  , y) = 0
and I.C’s: u x , 0   2 sin( x ) ....(2) x

y=0
( u x , 0   f ( x ) ) u(x, y) = f(x)
x=0 x= 

u x , 0  0 The G.S of (1) satisfying above all boundary
t
conditions is
 u 
 x, 0   0   ny 
 t 

 nx   
u x, y    b n sin  .e
 
 (6)
Now, the solution of the wave equation is n 1   
given by 2

 nx 
where b n   f x . sin  dx

 nx   nct  0   
u ( x, t )   a n sin  . cos 
n 1      
 nx 

2

 u x, t    a n sin nx . cosnt  ……(3)
Now, b n 
0 u 0 . sin 
  
dx
n 1 
   nx  
 cos 
 u x,0   a n sin nx  for t = 0 2u 0 
  
n 1  bn   
  n 

 2 sin x    a n sin nx    
0
n 1
2u 0
 2sin(x) = a1 .sinx + a2 sin(2x) + ………  bn  1  cosn
n
 a1 = 2, a2 = 0. a3 = 0 ……….(4)
 The solution of (1) with (2) from (3) and
2u
 b n  0 1   1
n
n
  (7) 
(4) is given by
Using (7) (i.e. the value of bn in (6), the
u(x, t) = a1.sin(x) cos(t) = 2.sin(x) cos(t)
required solution is), the equation (6)
becomes
61. Ans: (a)
 
 2 y 

2u  nx   
ux, y    0 1   1 . sin
n
Sol: Given u xx  u yy  0  (1) . e  
n 1 n   
u(0, y) = 0  (2) y>0 (or)
u (l, y) = 0  (3)  y > 0   2 n 1y 
2. sin  2n  1x  . e 


2u 0 
u x , y   

 
u(x, 0) = f(x) = u0  (4) 0 < x l
n 1 2n  1   
u(x, ) = 0  (5) 0 < x < l

62. Ans: (a)   2nx  


 sin  
Sol: Given uxx+ uyy = 0 …..(1) 2 x 1   
with B.C's    
 nm   2 2 2n 
u (0, y)  0 . sinh   
    
 0ym 0
u (, y )  0  1
u ( x,0)  0
=   0  0  0
  nm 
 . sin h  
nx  0x    
u ( x, a )  sin 
  1 1
bn   for m = a
The solution of (1) is given by  nm  sinh na
sinh  
y    
u(x, m) = g(x) The solution of (1) is
y=m

1  nx  ny
u(x, y)   . sin  . sinh
n 1  na     
sinh  
u(0, y) = 0 u(  .y) = 0   
y=0 x 63. Ans: (a)

u(x, 0)=0
x=0 x=  Sol: L { e-t sint }
1
L {sin t} =

 nx   ny  s 1
2
u(x, y) =  b n . sin  . sinh  
     
n 1

L e  t sin t   1
where s  12  1
 nx 

2
bn  
 nm  0
g( x ). sin 
  
 dx
64. Ans: (b)
 sinh  
   Sol: L {t cos t}
s
L { cos t} =
s 12
Now, d  s 
L {t cos t} = (–1)
2  nx   nx 

ds  s 2  1
bn   sin 
 nm  0      
. sin   dx
 s 2  1  s2s 
. sinh   s2 1
   
  

 s 2  1
2

 s 2  1
2
 
2nx
 1  cos
2  dx
nm 0

. sinh 2


65. Ans: (c) 2s


 sin at 
Sol: L 
s 2
1 2
 t  2s  1
L{e–t t sint } =
Lsin at 
a s  1  1
2 2
s  a2
2

 sin at  a
L  2 ds
 t  s s a
2
68. Ans: (c)
 1
 1  s  Sol: Sol: L(sin t) =
  a. tan 1    s 1 2
 a  a  s
 sin t   1
s  s L  = s 2 ds
= tan–1  – tan–1   tan 1  t  s 1
a 2 a
s
1

= tan 1 s s 
 cot  
a 
 tan 1 s
=
2
66. Ans: (d) = cot–1 s
 t t  L{f1(t)} = s. L{f(t)} – f(0)
Sol: L e sin t dt  l  sin t 
0   L{f1(t)} = s.L   f 0
 t 
1
Lsin t  L{f1(t)} = s cot–1 s – f(0) = s cot–1 s – 1
s 1
2
 
L e  t sin t 
1
69. Ans: (a)
s  12  1
t , 0  t  1
t  1  Sol: f(t) = 
1 0, 1  t  2
L e  t sin tdt    

 s  s  1  1 
2
0  f(t) is periodic function with period 2
1
e st f t  dt
2
 2 s 0
L{f(t)} =
67. Ans: (b) 1 e
Sol: L {t e–t sint} 1 1
 2 s 0
= t. e st dt
1 1 e
L {sin t} =
s 12 1
1   e st   e st 
d  1 
  1
 12s =
1  e 2s
 t.   1 2 
L {t sin t} = (–1)   s   s  0
 
ds  s  1
2
s2 1
2
 
1  e  s   e  s  1
=     2   2 
1  e  2s   s   s  s 

70. Ans: (d) 73. Ans: (a)

Sol: By definition of laplace transform Sol: we have

 1  sin 3t
L {u(t – a)} =  e st .u t  a  dt L-1  2  =
0
s 9 3
 By first shifting property
  e st .1 dt  1  sin 3t
a L-1   = e2t
 s  2   9 
2

3
 e st  e as
  
  s 0 s
74. Ans: (a)
 s3  -1  s  1  2 
71. Ans: (b) Sol: L-1  2  = L  2 

 s  2s  1   s  1 
1
Sol: L{et} =
s 1  1  1  1 
= L1    2L  
2 
e u(t – 4) = [et– 4. u(t – 4)]e4
t  s  1  s  1 
By second shifting property = e-t + 2 e-t.t (By first shifting property)
L[et.u(t –4)] = e4. L[et– 4. u(t – 4)]
 e 4s  e 4 4s e 4s 1 75. Ans: (b)
= e4.   = =  1 
 s 1 s 1 s 1  1   ss  2  
-1 
Sol: L-1  2  = L
 s  2s   
72. Ans: 0.08 1 1 1 
= L1   
s 2  s s  2 
Sol: L (cos t) =
s 1
2
 =
1

1  e 2 t 
L ( t cos t) =  e st t cos t  dt 2
0
1  et  et 
d  s   st =    e  t . sinh t 
  e t cos t  dt
ds  s 2  1  0
 (–1).  2  et 
s2  1 
   e st t cos t  dt 76. Ans: (c)
s 2

1
2 0
 1 
Sol: L-1    e t
Put s = 3  s  1 
9 1 
   e st t cos t dt  1  t t
     e dt  1  e  t
-1
32  1
2 L 
 
0
 s s  1  0
 2
  e st t. cos t dt   0.08 t
 1 
L-1  2  1  e dt  t  e
t t
0 25  = 1
 s s  1  0

77. Ans: (a) 80. Ans: (a)

 1   s3 
Sol: L-1  e
3 t
Sol: L-1  
s  3  s  1s  2 
 e 4s   s 1 2 
L1    e 3( t 4 ) u t  4  = L-1  

s 3  s  1s  2 
By 2nd shifting property
 1 2 
 e -3(t-4) when t  4  L1   
  s  2 s  1s  2 
 other wise
 1 2 1 2 1 
 L1    
 s  2 3 s 1 3 s  2 
78. Ans: (b) (Partial fractions)
  s  a   5  1  2  1 
Sol: Let L-1  log    = f(t)
  s  b 
 L-1      
 3  s  2  3  s  1
sa 5 2
 L[f(t)] = log   = e2 t  e t
sb 3 3
= log (s-a) – log (s-b)
d
 L[t.f(t)] = (-1) log (s - a) - log (s - b)  81. Ans: (d)
ds Sol: Given y1(t) +5 y(t) = u(t)……………..(1)
1 1 with y (0) = 1 ……………………(2)
= 
sb sa Applying L. T on both sides of (1), we get
 1 1  L {y1 (t)+5 y(t)} = L {u(t)}
t. f(t) = L-1  s  b  s  a 
1
 L{y1(t)}+ 5 L{y(t)}=
= ebt - eat s
e bt  eat 1
 f(t) =  [s.y(s)  y(0)]  5.y(s) 
t s
1
 (s  5) y(s)  1 
79. Ans: (c) s
1 s 1
 1   1 1   s  5 y s  1  
Sol: L-1   = L1    s 5
 s  1s  2   s  2 s 1
s 1
= e2t – et  y (s) 
s.(s  5)
1 1 4 1
 y (s)  . 
5 s 5 s5

Applying inverse Laplace transform on both 03. Ans: (c)

sides of above, we get Sol: f(z) = x2 + iy3
1 1  4  1  u = x2 ; v = y3
L1{y(s)}  L1    L1  
5 s  5 s  5  ux = 2x & vx = 3y2
1 4 5 t ux = vy only at (0,0)
 y(t)   e is a solution of (1) Hence f(z) is differentiable only at (0,0).
5 5
 f(z) is not analytic any where.
05_Complex Variables
04. Ans: (d)
Sol: If f(z) = u + iv is analytic then its derivative
01. Ans: (b)
u v
Sol: z = x + iy f ' z   i
x x
Let x = r cos  and y = r sin 
(we get this in the proof of C-R equations).
Now z = r. ei
 Option (c) is correct.
zei = r. ei . ei u v
dw w
= r . ei(+) Now  f ' z   i =
dz x x x
 zei is the point of rotation of (x, y)  Options (a) is correct
through an angle  dw u v
Again,  f ' z   i
dz x x
02. Ans: (b) v u
z 3  i (using C-R equations)
Sol:  2  |z – 3| < 2 |z + 3| y y
z3
 u v  w
 |z – 3|2 < 4 |z + 3|2 =  i  i  =  i
 x y  y
 |(x – 3) + iy |2 < 4 |(x + 3) + iy |2
 Option (b) is correct
 (x – 3)2 + y2 < 4 ((x + 3)2 + y2)
x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 < 4 (x2 + 9 + 6x + y2)
05. Ans: (a)
0 < 3x2 + 3y2 + 30 x + 27
Sol: f(z) = (x3 – 3xy2) + i(3x2y – y3)
0 < 3 (x2 + 10 x + y2 + 9)
u v
0 < (x + 5)2 + y2 – 16 f ' z   i
x x
 (x + 5)2 + y2 – 16 > 0  out side of
= (3x – 3y2) + i(6xy)
2
(x+5)2 + y2 = 16
06. Ans: (a)

Sol: Let u + iv = f(z) = z Im (z) = (x + iy) y
Then u + iv = f(z) = xy + iy2

 u = xy and v = y2 09. Ans: (d)

 ux = y vx = 0 Sol: Given that v = x3 – 3xy2
uy = x vy = 2y  vx = 3x2 – 3y2 and vy = -6xy
Here, ux = vy and vx = –uy only at one point Consider du = ux dx + uy dy
origin. i.e., C.R equations ux = vy and  du = (vy) dx + (–vx) dy
vx = –uy are satisfied only at origin. Further ( ux = vy & vx = – uy)
u, v, vx, vy, ux, uy are also continuous at  du = (–6xy) dx + (–3x2 + 3y2) dy
origin. which is an exact differential form
 f(z) = z Im(z) is differentiable only at   du =  (–6xy) dx + (3y2) dy + k
origin (0,0).  u(x, y) = –3x2y + y3 + k
07. Ans: (d) 10. Ans: (c)

Sol: sin(z), cos(z) and polynomial az2 + bz+c are Sol: u = log r
analytic everywhere. u 1 u
 ; 0
 sin(z), cos(z) and az2+bz+c are an r r 
entire functions. v v
dv  d  dr
1  r
Here, is analytic at every point except
z 1  u    1 u 
  r d   dr
1  r   r  
at z = 1 because the function is not
z 1 (using C-R equations)
defined at z = 1. 1 1
1 u   r  d     0dr    c
 is not analytic at z = 1 r r
z 1
1 11. Ans: (c)
 is not an entire function
z 1 Sol: Given that Re{f1(z)} = 2x + 2, f(0) = 2 and
f(1) = 1 + 2i
08. Ans: (a) Let f1(z) = u + iv, then u = 2x + 2
Sol: u(x, y) = Ax + By Consider f11(z) = ux + i vx = ux – i uy
ux = A ; uy = B =2–i0
 f '(z) = ux + i vx 1
 f (z) = 2z + c
= ux – i uy ( uy = - vx)  f(z) = z2 + cz + k
=A–iB  f(0) = 2
f(z) = (A – iB)z + iC k=2
 f(i) = 1 + 2i

 (i)2 + c(i) + k = 1+ 2i  f1(z) = ex[–y sin y + cos y + x cos y] + i

c=2 ex[siny+ycosy+xsiny]
 f(z) = z2 + 2z + 2   f1(z) = zez – ez + ez +c
 f1(z) = 2z + 2  f(z) = z ez + c, c = c1 + ic2 is a required
 f1(z) = 2(x+ i y) + 2 = 2(x+ 1) + i(2y) analytic function.
 Imaginary part of f1(z) = 2y
15. Ans: (d)
12. Ans: (c) Sol: u = 2x(1 – y)
Sol: u = ey sin x ux = 2(1 – y)  uxx = 0
ux = ey cos x ; uy = ey sin x uy = 2x(–1)  uyy = 0
f '(z) = ux + i vx = ux + i(-uy)  uxx + uyy = 0
f '(z) = ey cos x – i ey sin x u is Harmonic
replace x = z & y = 0 f(z) = u + iv = 2x(1 – y) + i (2y + x2 – y2)
f '(z) = cos z – i sin z x=z&y=0
f(z) = sin z + i cos z + i c f(z) = 2z + i (0 + z2 – 0) = 2z + iz2
= i e-iz + ic is differentiable every where
f(z) is Analytic
13. Ans: (c)
Sol: u = xy 16. Ans: (a)
ux = y ; uy = x Sol: f(z) = 12 z2 – 4iz is entire function
f '(z) = ux + i vx = ux + i (-uy)   f z dz is independent of the path
f '(z) = y – ix c
replace x by z & y with 0 2  3i

 z3 z2 
2  3i
 f z dz    
12z  4iz dz  12  4i 
2
f '(z) = 0 – iz =  iz 2 1 i
c 1 i  3
z2
 f(z) =  i
2
 ic 
 4z   2iz 2  2  3i
1 i
= 4(2 + 3i)3 – 2i (2 + 3i)2 – 4(1 + i)3

14. Ans: (a) + 2i (1+i)2
Sol: Given that v = ex[y cos y + x sin y] = 4(8 – 27 i + 36 i – 54) – 2i(4 – 9 + 12 i)
– 4(1 – i + 3i – 3) + 2i (1 – 1 + 2i)
 vx = ex [0 + sin y] + ex[y cos y + x siny]
= 4(9i – 46) – 2i (-5 + 12i) – 4(-2 + 2i) – 4
and vy = ex[–y sin y + cos y + x cos y]
= 36 i – 184 + 10 i + 24 + 8 – 8i – 4
Consider f1(z) = ux – iuy
= 38 i  156
 f1(z) = vy + i vx (  ux = vy & vx = – uy)

17. Ans: (b) z  2i n

 z  a  dz   a 
Sol: f z  
z2  1

z  1z  1 c
n 1
n!
z  z  9z  9 z  1 z 2  9
3 2
  e2z 2i
 z =  3i are poles which are outside of
 c z  14 dz  3! "'  1
|z| = 2
where (z) = e2z
 f(z) is Analytic inside and on |z| = 2
"'(z) = 8e2z
According to integral theorem
i  2
z2  1  8e  
c z3  z 2  9z  9 dz  0 3
8
 ie  2
Options are wrong so answer is '0'. 3
18. Ans: (d) 20. Ans: (c)

z 1 ez ez
Sol:  2 dz Sol:  dz   dz
c
z 1
c z 2
 2 
2
c z  i 2 z  i 2
z 1  z =   i are singular points lie inside 'c'
 dz
c
z  i z  i  Residue at z = i is
only z = -i is inside of |z + i| = 1 1 d  ez  i
z  1 / z  i  lim z  i 

 dz z  i 1! dz
 z  i  z  i   43
2 2
c
z  i 
Residue at z = -i is
According to Cauchy's integral formula
1 d  ez  i
z  1 z  i 

lim 2

= 2  i  (-i) where z   z   i 1! dz
 z  i  z  i   43
2
z  i 
ez
 i  
 i 1 i 1
 Then  z dz  2isum of residues  .
 2 
2 2
ii 2i c
 i  1  i i i
 2i   2i 3  
 2i   4 4 3  
=  (i + 1)
19. Ans: (d) 21. Ans: (a)
e 2z
e3z
Sol: f z   Sol: f z  
z  14 z  i 
z = -1 is pole inside of |z| = 2 z = i is singular pt.
According to formula |z – 2| + |z + 2| = | + i -2| + |i + 2|

 2  4  2  4 24. Ans: (b)

Sol: Let f(z) = ez + sinz and z0 = 
 2 2  4  7.44  6
Then Taylor's series expansion of f(z) about
 z = i is outside of the path a point z = z0 (or) in power of (z – z0) is
e3z 
Hence c z  i dz  0 given by f(z) = a n (z  z 0 ) n .
n 0
where an =
f n 
z 0 
22. Ans: (b) n!
zt zt
1 e 1 e Here, the coefficient of (z – z0)n in the
Sol: 
2 i c (z  1)
2
dz  
2i c z  i z  i 
dz
Taylor's series expansion of f(z) about z = z0
 z =  i are singular points inside of |z| = 2 f n  z 0 
is given by an = .
1  e zt e zt  n!
2i c  2iz  i  2iz  i  
   dz
f z 0  f 
 a2 = =
1  e zt e zt  2! 2!
 4 c  z  i  z  i  
   dz
=
e z
 sin z z
=
e
According to formula 2 2
 it
1
1
  4 e  e   sin t
it
 2i e it  e it  25. Ans: 1
4 4 2i
 z 
Sol: Let f(z) = log  and |z| > 1
23. Ans: (c) 1 z 
sinh z 1
Sol:  4 dz (or) 1
c
z z
z = 0 is singular point inside of |z| = 2    
According to formula  z   1 
Then f(z) = log   = log 
2i   1  1 1 
 " ' 0 where (z) = sin hz
3!  z1  z   
 z

 
"'(z) = coshz 1
 1  1 1
i i  f(z) = log1   =  log1   , 1
 cosh 0   z  z z
3 3
  2 3

 f(z) =    1  1  1   1  1   ........ ,
  z 2z 3z 
1
1
z

1 1 1 1 1 28. Ans: (a)

 log (1 - z) =  . 2  . 3  ...... ,
z 2 z 3 z z
Sol: f(z) =
1 z  1z  2
1
z Put z + 2 = w  z = w – 2
1 w2 1 2
 The coefficient of is 1 f w  2    
z w  1w w  1 w
1 2
 
26. Ans: (c) 1 w w
e2 z
Sol: f(z) =
( z  1) 3 2 2
 1  w  
1
 1  w  w 2  w 3  ..... 
put z – 1 = w  z = 1 + w w w
e 21 w  e 2 .e 2 w 2
 f z    1  z  2   z  2  .......
2
f z    z2
w3 w3
e2 
 3 1  2w 
2 w  2w  2 w 
2

3

4

 ..... 29. Ans: (b)
w  2! 3! 4!  z  sin z 1 sin z
Sol: f(z) = 3
= 2 3
z z z
 1 2 2 2 23 2 4 
 e2  3  2    w  .....
w w 2 w 6 4!  1 1 z3 z5 z7 
   
z     ......
 by observation of the series z 2
z  3! 5! 7! 
The residue of f(x) at z = 1 is 2e2.
1 z2 z4
    .......
3! 5! 7!
27. Ans: (a)
 1  30. Ans: 1
Sol: f(z) = (z – 3) sin  
 z 2 z 1
Sol: Given f (z) 
put z + 2 = w z  1z  3
1  the singular points are z = –1 & z = –3
f(w) = (w – 5) sin  
w  z = –1 & z = –3 are first order poles.
1 1 1 
 w  5  3
 5
........ If the algebraic function f(z) has a first order
 w 3!w 5!w  pole at a singular point z = z0 then the residue
Residue of of f(z) is given by
1 1 Res (f(z): z = z0) = Lt z  z 0  . f (z)
f z  z  2  coefficient of i.e., zz 0
w z2
=-5

R 1  Re sf (z) : z  1 

 
2 1 2

 Lt z  (1).
z 1  =   = =
z1
 (z  1)(z  3)  
   0
 
2 2
 z 1 1
 R 1  Lt   
z1 z  3  2
  R2 = Res(f(z): z =  )
2
R2 = Res(f(z): z = 3)
 
 z 1    
= Lt z  3. 2 1 2
z 3
 z  1z  3 =  = =
   
    0 
 z 1 1  2 2
= Lt  
z 3 z  1
  2 Hence, the sum of the residues of the
Hence, the sum of the residues of f(z) at its 
function f(z) at given singular points z =
1 1 2
singular points is R1 + R2 =  = 1.
2 2  2  2
and z =  is R1 + R2 =   +   =0
2    
31. Ans: 0
sin z 32. Ans: 1
Sol: The singular points of f(z) = are
z. cosz  Sol: The given singular point z = 0 is a simple
given by z.cos(z) = 0 pole (or) 1st order pole of
 1 ez
 z = 0 and z = (2n+1) ,nI f(z) =
2 z cosz   sin z 
 3
 z = 0 and z =  ,  , .......... Now R1 = Res (f(z) : z = 0) = Lt z  0 f z 
2 2 z 0
  1 e z
z= and z =  are the given singular  R1 = Lt z  0.
2 2 z 0 z cosz   sin z 
points of f(z).
0 
   form 
Here, z = and z =  are simple poles of 0 
2 2
sin z z   R1 = Lt

z 0  ez  1  ez   
f(z) = = , z 0  z sin z   cos z   cosz 
z cosz  z 
0 11
where 1(z) = cos(z)– z sin z  R1 = =1
0 11

R1 = Res(f(z): z = )
2

33. Ans: 2 35. Ans: (a)

2  3 cos ec z 2 3 cos ecz 1
Sol: f(z) = =  ez
z z z Sol:  dz where c is |z| = 2
z
2 3 c
 
z z sin z z = 0 is essential singularity
2 3
Re s z  0 = Re s z  0 of  Re s z  0 of
z z sin z e1 / z 1  1 1 1 
f z    1   2
 3      
1 z z  z 2!z 3!z 
= coefficient of in both terms
z
1 1 1 1
(In second term term not exist) 
 2 
z z z 2!z 3
=2+0 1
Res|z = 0 = coefficient of  1
=2 z
According to residue theorem
34. Ans: (d) 2i (Res|z = 0) = 2i (1) = 2i
sin z
Sol: f(z) = e z tan z = ez is not analytic at z
cos z 06_Numerical Method
 3 5
= ,  ,  , .........
2 2 2 01. Ans: (c)
 Sol: f(x) = x3 + x2 + x + 7 = 0
Of these points only z =  lie inside C
2 f(–3) = –8 and f(–2) = 5
Residue at z = /2 is A root lies in (–3, –2)
   e z sin z   / 2 23
lim  z   e Let x1 = = –2.5 is first approximation
z / 2
 2  cos z  2
to the root
Residue at z = -/2 is
 f(x1) = f(–2.5) < 0
   e z sin z    / 2
lim  z   e Now, Root lies in [–2.5, –2]
z / 2
 2  cos z 
 2.5  2
Let x2 = = –2.25 is second
Then  e z tan z dz  2isum of residues  . 2
c
approximation root.

 2i e  / 2  e   / 2 
02. Ans: 0.67
Sol: f(x) = x3 + x –1 = 0
Let x0 = 0.5, x1 = 1
f(x0) = f(0.5) = –0.375

f(x1) = f(1) = 1 Take x0 = 0.7357 & x1 = 1

f x1 .x 0  f x 0 .x1 f x 2 .x1  f x1 .x 2
 x2 =  x3 =
f x 1   f x 0  f x 2   f x 1 
is first approximation root 0.9929
= = 0.8395
10.5   0.3751 1.1827
=
1   0.375
0.5  0.375 0.875 04. Ans: –3.26
= =
1.375 1.375 Sol: f(x) = x5 – 10x + 100
= 0.6363 xo = – 2 f (x) = 5x4 – 10
f x o 
f(x2) = f(0.6363) x1 = x o 
f x o 
= (0.6363)3 + (0.6363) – 1
88
= 0.2576 + 0.6363 –1   2   3.26
70
= –0.1061 < 0
Root lies in (0.6363, 1) 05. Ans: 1.57

f x1  x 2  f x 2 .x 1 Sol: f(x) = x3 – 5x2 + 6x – 1
x3 =
f x 1   f x 2  f(x) = 3x2 – 10x + 6
10.6363   0.10611 xo = 1.5
=
1  0.1061 f x o 
x1  x o 
= 0.6711 f x o 
= 1.57
03. Ans: (b)
Sol: f(x) = xex – x = 0 06. Ans: (a)
f(0) = –2 < 0, f(1) = 2.7183 – 2 > 0 Sol: x = 5 N
Let x0 = 0, x1 = 1 x5= N
f x1 .x 0  f x 0 .x1 f(x) = x5 – N
x2 =
f x 1   f x 0 
f (x) = 5 x4
0.71830   2 .1 f x n 
=
0.7183   2 xn + 1 = xn –
f x n 
=
2
 xn 
x 5
nN


4 x 5n  N
2.7183
5x 4n 5x 4n
= 0.7357
f(x2) = f(0.7357)
= 0.7357 .e0.7357 – 2 = –0.4644

07. Ans: (c) 11. Ans: (a)

Sol: Putting n = 0 in the iteration formula of the Sol: Error = Exact value of the integral – The
above example value of the integral by the simpson's rule
4x 5o  N =0–0=0
x1 
5x o4

 
4 2 5  30 158
  1.975
 
5 24 80
12. 10.04
1.2
Sol: Given  f ( x ) dx
08. Ans: (a) 0
1.2
2 x 3n  1
Sol: Given x n 1  2
3x n 1
By Simpsons rule 0
f ( x ) dx
Suppose the formula converges to the root h

= y 0  y 6   2y 2  y 4   4y1  y 3  y 5 
after n iterations 3
xn +1 = xn = x
2x 3  1 0.2
x  9.6  12.2  27.4  7.6  49.1  6.8  8.8
3x 2  1 3
= 10.04
 x3 + x – 1 = 0
13. Ans: (c)

09. Ans: 1.7845
2
Sol:
h
Sol:  f x dx  y o  y 4   2y1  y 2  y 3  x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 1 1
0 1 1 1 1 1 1
f(x) =
0.5 1 x2
 0  1.26  20.794  1  1.145 2 5 10 17 26 37
2
= 1.7845 6 dx
0 1 x2
=
10. Ans: (a) h
Sol: y 0  y 6   2y1  y 2  y3  y 4  y5 
2
x –1 0 1 1  1  1 1 1 1 1 
3 2
f(x) = 5x – 3x + 2x + 1 –9 1 5 = 1    2     
2  37   2 5 10 17 26 
h
1 f (x ) dx = 3 y0  y 2   20  4y1 
1
= 1.4107
1
=  4  41 = 0
3

14. Ans: (a)  1 1 

1   4  24   10 5
Sol: The volume of cylinder =   y 2 dy  180 n 
0
 n  10.738
=
h 2
2
 
y 0  y 24  2 y 22  4 y12  y 32   n  10.738
0.25
= 1  1  29  44  1 17. Ans: x = 0.9, y = 1 & z = 1
3
Sol: Let
0.25
= 40 10x + y + z = 12
3
2x + 10y + z = 13
10
= 2x+2y + 10z = 14 and
3
x0 = 0, y0 = 0, z0 = 0
15. Ans: (a)

Then first iteration will be
ba 2
Sol: Error = Max  h  f x  x1 =
1
12 (12 – y0 – z0)
10
1 1
=   62.718 = 1.2
12 100 1
= 0.0136 y1= 13  2x1  10 y 0 
10
Here, 1
2 = 13  21.2  0 = 1.06
f(x) = e x 10
Max |f11(x)|[0,1] = 6e 1
z1 = 14  2x1  2 y1 
ba 10
h=
n 1
= 14  21.2  2.1.06 = 0.95
1 10
=
10 Second iteration will be
1
x2 = (12 – y1 – z1)
16. Ans: (c) 10
ba 4 = 0.90
Sol:  h  max f iv x   10 5
180 1
y2 = 13  2x 2  10 y1  = 1.00
ba 1 10
Let h = =
1
n n z2 = 14  2x 2  2 y 2  = 1.00
1 10
f(x) =
x The required solution after second iteration is
iv
Max |f (x)|at x = 1 = 24 x = 0.9, y = 1 & z = 1

18. Ans: 0.992 22. Ans: 0.02

Sol: y1 = f(x, y) = 4 – 2xy Sol: f(x, y) = x + y
x0 =0, y0 = 0.2, h = 0.2 x0 = 0, y0 = 0, h = 0.2
By Taylor's theorem, k1 = h(f0, y0)
y(x) = y(x0+ h) = 0.2(0+0) = 0
h 2 11 k2 = hf(x0 + h, y0 + k1)
= y(x0) + h y1(x0) + y x 0 
2! = 0.2(0.2 + (0.0))
= 0.04
= 0.2 + 0.24) +
0.22  0.4
1
2! y1 = 0+ (0 + 0.04) = 0.02
2
= 0.992
23. Ans: 0.96
19. Ans: 1 dy
Sol: f(x, y) = 4 – 2xy Sol: Let  f x, y   4  2xy
dx
x0 = 0, y0 = 0.2, f1 = 0.2 xo = 0, yo = 0.2, 4 = 0.2
By Euler's formula k1 = h.f (xo, yo) = 0.2 (4 – xoyo ) = 0.8
y1 = y0 + h f(x0, y0) = 0.2 + 0.2(4 – 0) = 1
 h k 
k2 = h f  x o  , y o  1 
 2 2
20. Ans: 1.1
= (0.2) (4 – 2(0.1) (0.6))
Sol: By Euler's formula,
= (0.2) (3.88) = 0.776
y1 = y0 + h f(x0, y0)
k
y1 = 1 + (0.1) (1– 0) = 1.1 k3 = h f(xo + h, yo + 2 )
2
= (0.2) (4 – 2(0.2) (0.976))= 0.7219
21. Ans: 0.968
k4 = h. f (xo + h, yo + k3)
dy
Sol:  f x, y   4  2xy = (0.2) (4 – 2(0.2) (0.9219)) = 0.7262
dx
1
xo = 0, yo= 0.2 , h = 0.2 y(0.2) = y1 = yo + k1  2k 2  2k 3  k 4 
6
1
y1 = y0 + k1  k 2  1
2 = 0.2 + 0.8  20.776  0.7219  0.7262
6
k1 = hf(x0, y0) = 0.2 (4 – 0) = 0.8
= 0.97
k2 = hf(x0 + h, y0 + k1)
= 0.2 (4 – 2(0.2)0.8 = 0.736
25. Ans: 1.1165
1
y1 = 0.2 + 0.8  0.736  Sol: f(x, y) = x+ y2,
2
x0 = 0, y0 = 1, f1 = 0.1
= 0.968
k1 = hf(x0, y0) = 0.1

 h k 
k2 = hf  x 0  , y 0  1  a
y i
b
x
 y  bx i
 2 2 n n
 h  k1  
2 4   13   2   13
= 0.1 x 0     y1    b
2  2   46  6

= –1.3
= 0.1168 13  2  2.6
 k  a   1.3 
k3 = hf  x 0  h, y 0  2  4 4
 2  Therefore, the linear equation is
= 0.1[0.05 + 1.1185] y = 2.6 – 1.3x
= 0.1168 4
k4 = hf(x0+ h, y0 + k3) = 0.1347 The least squares error =  y  a  bx 

i 1
i i
2
1
y1 = y0 = k1  2k 2  2k 3  k 4  = (6 – 5.2) + (3 – 3.9) + (2 – 2.6)2
2 2
6 + (2 – 1.3)2
= 1 + 0.1164 = 2.3
y1 = 1.1164
27. Ans: i. 8x2 – 19x + 12 ii. 6 iii. 13
26. Ans: 2.6 – 1.3x, 2.3 x  3x  4 1  x  1x  4 27 
Sol: The various summations are given as Sol: f(x) =
1  31  4 3  13  4
follows:
+
x  1x  3 64
xi yi x 2
i xiyi 4  14  3
–2 6 4 –12 f(x) = 8x2 – 19x + 12
–1 3 1 –3 f(2) = 6
0 2 0 0 f1(2) = 13
1 2 1 2 f(x) = f(x0) + (x – x0) f[x0, x1]
 –2 13 06 –13 + (x – x0) (x – x1) f[x0, x1, x2]
= 1 + (x –1) 13 + (x –1) (x –3) 8
= 8x2 – 19x + 12
Thus, yi = na + b  xi
p(2) = 6
xiyi = a  xi + b  x i2
p1(2) = 13
These are called normal equations. Solving
for a and b, we get
n  x i yi   x i  yi
b
n  x i2   x i 
2

28. Ans: 8x2 – 19x + 12, 6, 13 Therefore f(x)

Sol: f(x) = f(0) + C(x,1) f(0) + C(x, 2) f(0)
x P(x) ⏃p ⏃2p  x x  1 
= 3 + (x × 3) +   2 
1 1  2! 
2
27  1 f(x) = x + 2x + 3
 13
3 1 f1(x) = 2x + 2
3 27 37  13 f(0.5) = 4.25
8
4 1 f1(0.5) = 3
64  27
 37
4 64 43
By Newton's divided difference formula

P(x) = P(x0) + (x – x0) f[x0, x1]
+ (x – x0)(x –x1) f[x0, x1, x2)
= 1 + (x – 1)13 + (x –1) (x –3).8
= 8x2 – 19x + 12
P1(x) = 16 x – 19
P(2) = 6
P1(2) = 13
29. Ans: x2 + 2x + 3, 4.25, 3

Sol: Since the given observations are at equal
interval of width unity.
Construct the following difference table.
x f(x)  f(x) 2f(x) 3f(x)

0 3
3
1 6 2
5 0
2 11 2
7 0
3 18 2
9
4 27


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Engineering

 The element in the 2nd row and 3rd column

 |AB – BA| = 0 ( determinant of a skew-  1 1 ..... 1 

2 13. Ans: (b)

15. Ans: (c) 17. Ans: (a)

R4 – R3 22. Ans: (c)

24. Ans: (c) 26. Ans: 7

28. Ans: 8 31. Ans: (a)

04. Ans: 2 07. Ans: (b)

06. Ans: (c) = Lt  x   0

RL = 2 – 4 = –2 i.e., (x2)x = 2 = (mx + b)x = 2

 f(x) is continuous at x = 1 14. And: (b)

 f (x) = Sec2x 22. Ans: (a)

25. Ans: (c) 28. Ans: (c)

f(x) has local maxima at x = 0 33. Ans: 112

 (6, 0) is a point of minima 36. Ans: (d)

At x = 5, f (x) = 2 < 0  7.5.3.15.3.1   5 2

35. Ans: (c) 38. Ans: (a)

39. Ans: (b) 42. Ans: (d)

46. Ans: (a) 48. Ans: (d)

= log x 1 log y1 53. Ans: (b)

= (log a – log 1) (log b – log 1) x 2 y2

(0,0) (2,0) 54. Ans: (d)

56. Ans: (c)

 3  x 2x   0dx

58. Ans: 25.12 62. Ans: (c)

65. Ans: (a) ( 4 ,1, 1)

  (2z)dx  (2y)dy  (2x)dx 

( 4 ,1, 1) = [9(1)+3(64)] – [1(–2) + 1(1)]

70. Ans: (d)

(2,4) = 2 Area of the given ellipse

75. Ans: 0 78. Ans: (d)

Here,  × f The fourier series of f(x) in [c, c+ 2l] is given

= i  2 yz  2 yz  j0  k0  1     (1) dx   (2) dx 

77. Ans: (d) 80. Ans: (b)

 03_Probability & Statistics

81. Ans: (c)

03. Ans: (d) 1  2

Sol: Number of ways, we can choose R = C(n, 3) = 2   

08. Ans: (a) Each of the above sets has 20 elements. If

15. Ans: (c)

 E(2X + 1)2 = E(4X2 + 4X + 1) 1

25. Ans: 0.1 29. Ans: (d)

The probability distribution of X is 2 2 2

35 30. Ans: (d)

= Pr(A4) + Pr(A5) + Pr(A6) 35. Ans: 0.865 range 0.86 to 0.87

33. Ans: 0.224 range 0.2 to 0.3 0.3

= 0.5 + Area between z = 0 & z = 0.86 x3 1

= 0.5 + 0.3051 E(x )  2

40. Ans: 0.7 range 0.65 to 0.75 0

Sol: The probability density function of 1

15 5 when point chosen is (1,2)

43. Ans: (i) a (ii) b 44. Ans: (a)

more than 10 minutes means 10:10AM to =  0.2 e 0.2 x dx = 0.1813

3 = 1(0.1) + 2(0.2) + 3(0.4) + 4(0.2)+ 5(0.1)

48. Ans: (a)

1 1 For max or min f1(x) = 0  6 – 12x = 0

0 52. Ans: (i) a (ii) c (iii) d

x  The difference between p and P is significant

04. Ans: (a) 06. Ans: (d)

05. Ans: (a)

09. Ans: (b) 11. Ans: (c)

Sol: x4y1 + 4x3y = x8 Sol: y1  