ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS

MODIFICATIONS OF TAP ROOT (FOOD

STORAGE)

MODIFICATION OF FIBROUS ROOT

MODIFICATION OF THE ADVENTITIOUS

(STORAGE)

STEM

TYPES ACCORDING TO PLACE OF GROWTH

1) UNDERGROUND/ SUBTERRANEAN STEM

- Food storage
 Corm – papery layer ex. garlic
 Tuber – the eyes/nodes give rise to roots
ex. potato
 Bulb – onion
 Rhizome – adventitious ex. ginger

2) AERIAL STEMS
- Herbaceous
- Woody – secondary growth
- Suffrutescent – combination of wood and
herbaceous

TYPES ACCORDING TO HABIT

 BOLES – dicot stems become unbranched, erect
CAUDEX – monocot, unbranched, erect, ex. palm
STOLONs/runners – for propagation,
reproduction, ex. strawberry
CLADOPHYLL – opuntia (cactus), leaf-like stem,
for water storage

CULM – hollow space inside the stem (internodes),

1) Erect capacity to store water, ex. Bamboo
2) Ascending/Assurgent
3) Climbing/Twining SCAPE – can carry compound flowers like dandelion, tulip
4) Procumbent - - Erect, unbranched, leafless stem, are usually long like
5) Decumbent spring onions
6) Repent
PRICKLES – roses, epidermal in origin, easily detachable

SPINES – associated with leaves, petiolar, citrus

THORNS – associated with stem, extension or vascular part

BRISTLES – occur multiply, epidermal