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4) 5.2 Separator
4) 5.2 Separator
4) 5.2 Separator
5.2-1
start
1.Determine of flow
parameter and density
for each stream
2.Calculate separation
factor, α
3.Determine velocity
factor, Kv
5.Calculate minimum
cross sectional area,Amin
6.Determine vessel
diameter,Dmin
8.Determine vapour-liquid
outlet nozzle (Umax)nozzle And
(Umin)nozzle
10.Determine liquid
height and vessel
volume
Finished
5.2-2
5.2.1 Step 1: Determination of flow parameters and density of each stream
Calculation for inlet (stream 11) density. For this calculation, the fraction of
vapour-liquid mixture need to be determines using Equation 5.2.1. The total
density of inlet mixture is calculated using the Equation 5.2.2 below.
Ql
Ql Qv (5.2.1)
where
vapour-liquid fraction
Ql
Ql Qv
= 0.00231
ρmix = ρLρV(1-
= 7.3240 kg/m3
5.2-3
Table 5.2.2 shows the properties of liquid stream, the density of liquid outlet (stream
13) is given by Equation 5.2.3
Where:
= 773.2886 kg/m3
Table 5.2.3 shows the properties of vapour stream, the density of vapour outlet
(stream 13) is given by Equation 5.2.4 .For pure vapour pressure below the 10 bar,
the ideal gas law can be use (Ernest E. Ludwig,1990)
Where
5.2-4
Table 5.2.3 Calculation of vapour-liquid mixture density
Mixture molecular
Molecular
weight,mw
Component Mass fraction, xi weight, mw
Carbon 13.4316
monoxide 0.4797 28
Hydrogen 0.477 2 0.954
Propanal 0.0434 58 2.5172
∑mw 16.9028
𝑃(𝑀𝑊)
Density of vapour mixture, ρL,mix = (5.2.4)
𝑅𝑇
= 5.548 kg/m3
All data needed were taken from the process flow diagram (figure 5.2.1). Table
5.2.4 show the details parameter of flow rate and density of each stream.
Table 5.2.4 parameter of each stream taken from the Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Parameter Value
5.2-5
5.2.2 Step 2: Determination of separation factor, α
v
0.5
w
α = l (5.2.5)
wv l
where :
wl = liquid mass flow rate = 5.3694 kg / s
0.5
5.3694 5.548
16.6138 773.28
0.0273
5.2-6
Figure 5.2.4 Design vapour velocity factor for vertical vapour-liquid separators at
85% of flooding. Branan (2002)
u v max K v l v / v
0.5
4.9332m / s
5.2-7
5.2.4 Step 4 : The minimum vessel cross-sectional area
Where:
Amin = vessel cross sectional area
Amin Qv / U v max
10780.46m 3 1h 1s
h 3600s 4.9332m
0.6070m 2
0.5
4A
Dmin min
4 0.6070
0.5
0.8791m
D 0.8791 0.1524
D 1.0315 m 1 m
5.2-8
5.2.6 Step 6 : Vapour-liquid inlet nozzle velocity calculation
67.61 ft / s
20.61 m / s
40.57 ft / s
12.366 m / s
For the outlet nozzle velocity of nozzle is calculated using Equation 5.2.10 to
determine diameter. Proceed with Equation 5.2.11 to determine area and
Equation 5.2.12 to calculate the velocity.
Diameter for nozzle
D 2 (5.2.11)
A
4
= 27.775 m2
5.2-9
Velocity of nozzle vapour outlet
U nozzle Qv (5.2.12)
A
Where:
QV = volumetric flow rate
A = cross sectional area
U nozzle Qv
A
= 0.1078 m/s
5.2.8 Step 8 : liquid mixture velocity at outlet nozzle using formula below
The calculation of liquid nozzle outlet is using the Equation 5.2.13 below.
Proceed with Equation 5.2.14 to determine area and Equation 5.2.15 to
calculate the velocity.
Area of nozzle
D 2 (5.2.14)
A
4
= 0.222 m2
U nozzle Qv
A
Where:
5.2-10
QV = volumetric flow rate
A = cross sectional area
U nozzle Qv (5.2.15)
A
= 0.03127 m/s
From Couper et al, 2005, the liquid holdup is taken is 15 minutes and hence
the time taken to fill the vessel id 15 minutes (Peters, 2003).
Where: V QL (time to fill ) (5.2.16)
Ql = volumetric flowrate of liquid flow at outlet stream
19330 kg m3 1h
Ql
h 773.2886 kg 3600s
6.9436 10 3 m 3 / s
V QL (time to fill )
6.9436 10 3 m 3 / s 900s
6.2492m 3
Where:
H1 = liquid height
V = vessel surge volume
D = vessel diameter
4
H1 V 2 (5.2.17)
D
4
6.2492
(1)
2
7.9568m
The position of demister pad from common chemical industry placed at the 80% of a
vessel height. Liquid level is assumed 80 % because position of demister pad place
5.2-11
at 80% height vessel. It means vapour level is 20%. So vapour height is 1.99 Total
height of vessel is HL + HV = 9.95 m
The total volume of pressure vessel is included the cylindrical section with two
ellipsoidal heads. The calculation need consider both ellipsoidal head. The
calculation using Equation 5.2.16 below
D 2 L
Vessel volume = (5.2.18)
4
L = vessel diameter
(1) 2 (9.95)
Vessel volume =
4
= 7.81m3
= 0.2613(13)
= 0.2613 m3
= 8.0713 m3
From the calculation using formula cylinder and ellipsoidal, the total volume of
separator is 8.0713 m3
5.2-12
5.2.11 Specification Sheet and Drawing(s)
Diameter 1m
5.2-13