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 Jane's
Electro-Optic Systems
Edited by Michael J Gething AMRAeS
Twelfth Edition

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ISBN-10 0 7106 2751 3

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Land Systems - Section Summary
Electro-optic countermeasures
Electronic countermeasures
Laser warners

Air defence missiles

Vehicles
Vehicle sights
Static and towed
Static and towed sights
Portable
Portable sights

Air defence guns

Vehicles
Vehicle sights
Static and towed
Static and towed sights
Anti-amour missiles and munitions
Vehicles

Armoured fighting vehicles

Vehicle turrets -

Fire control = ---

Gunner's sights
Commander's sights
Driver's sights

Infantry weapon sights

Illuminating
Passive - crew-served weapons
P a s se
i v...
~personal
~ weapons
---.
*=L?
 Observation and surveillance
Air defence sensors
Forward observation
Laser range-finders
Image intensifier binoculars
Image intensifier cameras
Image intensifier goggles
Image intensifier monoculars
Area surveillance
Infrared imagers

AIRBORNE SYSTEMS
Airborne Systems - Section Summary
Air-launched missiles
Air-to-air missiles
Air-to-air guns
Air-to-surface missiles and munitions

Electro-optic countermeasures
Electronic countermeasures
Missile warners
Laser warners

Ground attack
Integrated systems - Fixed-wing
Integrated systems - Helicopter
Targeting sights
Laser range-finders

Flight aids
Laser systems
Communications and beacons
Pilot's thermal imagers
Pilot's goggles and integrated helmets

Observation and surveillance

Air interception
Turret sensors
Maritime sensors
Unmanned aircraft sensors
Reconnaissance systems
Thermal imagers

KEY TECHNOLOGIES FOR ELECTRO-OPTIC SYSTEMS

Key technologies for Electro-optic Systems - Section Summary
Inka-red detectors and coolers
Thermal imager modules
Video trackers for military applications
Antidetection devices

Contractors

Alphabetical index
Manufacturers' index

Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007

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Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007

 Overv
Introduction seven ballistic missile intercepts from eight f i g s , but until this point all of
As I settle down to review the fouah year of my tenure as Editor of Jane's the engagements had occurred with the BMD-dedicated SM-3 in the
Electro-Optic Systems, now in its twelfth edition, I realise that the various exo-atmospheric ballistic phases. As well as being the first
technologies covered under this title, and their practical application, have endo-atmospheric engagement, the engagement was also the fust ballistic
advanced by leaps-and-bounds. It seems the more knowledge and missile shootdown using SM-2. A Raytheon spokesperson described the
information I absorb on the wide-ranging subjects covered, the more there modifications related to enhancements of the seeker head as being able to
is to learn. help the missile better deal with the very high speeds involved in the target's
The following sections, mirroring the main categories within the product, terminal phase, but otherwise the missile was standard.
ok at elements of interest more specifically. In the field of naval EOIIR, surveillance, tracking and fue-control system
applications cover the 0.2 to 14.0 pm waveband. This area has been steadily
growing, either with new systems or the upgrading of IR detectors to the
NAVAL SYSTEMS latest standard in existing systems. Typical of the genre is Thales
By far the largest
- use of Electro-OpticallInfra-Red (EOIIR) systems in naval Nederland's Mirador multisensor director equipped with a colour daylight
systems is in surveillance, tracking and fire-control system applications. and low-light TVs for daylnight surveillance; a fxed-focus monochrome
However, one must not forget the IR detectors in some missiles and the TV camera for tracking, a dual field-of-view Albatross 3 to 5 pm thermal
steady growth in sub-surface applications - on submarine periscopes and camera (with the option of an 8 to 12 pm and an eye-safe laser rangefinder.
optronic masts. Known in the Royal Netherlands Navy as the Trainable Electro-Optical
So, slipping silently below the surface, the subtle difference between Observation System (TEOOS), it has been adopted for the four De Zeven
periscopes and optronic masts is that the periscope can accommodate one or Provincien-class LCF frigates, with other customers including Bangladesh
two TV channels (usually daylight and low-light) together with a laser (on the frigate BNS Bangabandhu), Germany (for its K130 corvettes) and
rangefinder alongside the more traditional functionalities. The optronic Greece (for three types of vessel). In the UK, Radamec Defence Systems
mast is a dedicated surveillance sensor with, generally, a TV channel and a (part of Ultra Electronics) will provide its System 2500 for the UK Royal
thermal channel (using either MWIR or LWIR sensors). Both types of mast Navy's Type 45 Daring-class destroyers as part of the Electro-Optical
are usually considered complementary and are to be found in most modern Gunfue Control System (EOGCS). The Series 2500 sensor payload is a 3 to
submarines. Carl Zeiss Optronics, for example, is producing both its SERO 5 pn high-resolution thermal camera from BAE Systems Australia and the
400 periscope and OMS 100 optronic mast for Type 209 SSKs of the Indian same company's Series 600 eye-safe laser range-finder, plus the Radamec
and South African navies, and the Type 214 SSKs for Greece and South Series 206-004 colour TV camera.
Korea. The US manufacturer, Kollmorgen has developed its It is but one step from fire-control directors to integrated sensors on
non-penetrating periscope concept into the model 86 optronic mast, in weapons platforms and, mirroring the trend for Remotely-Controlled
service with the US Navy's Los Angeles-class SSNs and Egypt's Improved Weapon Stations (RCWS or just RWS - both acronyms apply) on
I Romeo-class SSKs. A further evolution - the Photonic Mast Program - Armowed Fighting Vehicles (AFVs), such systems are now coming into
produced the ANIBVS-1 non-penetrating mast for the US Navy's naval service. The South African Navy (SAN) has ordered an initial Rogue
Virginia-class SSNs and the Photonics Mast Variant for the four former remotely operated gun system from Reutech Defence Logistics (RDL)
Ohio-class SSBNs converted to SSGN configuration. They are fitted with
channels for a colour TV, a highdefinition TV and thermal sensors plus an
eye-safe laser rangefinder (and omni-directional ESM antenna). Such
advances offer submariners a wider range of improved surveillance
capabilities.
To further exploit the sensors, Kollmorgen is working on an Integrated
Submarine Imaging System for the US Navy's Los Angeles-class and
Virginia-class SSNs plus the SSGNs. This will bring together
mission-critical, all-weather visual and electronic search, digital image
management, indication, warning and platform architecture interface
capabilities.
On the weapons side, we can record the first firing of the IR-guided Denel
Umkhonto surface-to-air missile from the FNS Hanko, one of the Finnish
Navy's four Hamina-class fast-attack craft, on 26May 2006. This
information and the accompanying photo were not available in time to
further update the entry in the main body of the book. Umkhonto is also now
operation on South Africa's Valour-class patrol corvettes.
Another missile-seeker event was the successful interception of a ballistic
missile target in its terminal descent phase by a Raytheon RIM-156A
Standard Missile 2 (SM-2) Block IV, equipped with a modified IR seeker,
on 24 May 2006. Part of the development of the US sea-based Ballistic
Missile Defence (B
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
Technologies for qualifkation purposes. Once qualified, the intention is to
fit each of the SAWS four Valourclass patrol corvettes with four Rogues
for close-in protection in asymmetric warfare conditions. The system may
also be later fitted to other SAN ships for the same purpose. Originally
developed as an overhead mounting for AFVs, the naval version has been
successfulIy trialled, as a temporary installation, aboard the Warrior-class
missile fast attack craft, SAS MaRhanda. It is claimed to have demonstrated
very good accuracy against small targets and also showed potential as an
additional observation channel using the mount's sensors. These currently
comprise a TV camera with continuous zoom lens (allowing good target
recognition and identification) and a thermal imager can be incorporated for
night use. Depending on the effective range of the weapon selected for a
particular application, the thermal imager could be an uncooled or a cooled
unit. A laser range-finder can also be mounted.
Turkey's Aselsan launched a naval RCWS at the IDEF'O5 in Ankara in
late September 2005. Known as the STAbilised Machine gun Platform
(STAMP), it is a modular system capable of mounting a 0.5-in (as
displayed) or 7.62 mm heavy machine gun or 40 mm automatic grenade
launcher, depending on customer requirements. Similar in configuration to
the OTO Melara 12.7 mm remote turret, the low-radar profde turret's
integral fuecontrol sensors feature a thermal camera (in this case an
Aselsan 8 to 12 p,dual field-of-view cooled thermal camera) and
Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) TV camera (of customer choice) plus an
optional laser range-finder. The company's immediate target customer is the
Turkish Navy and it can also be adapted for AFV use.
In another May 2006 announcement, DRS Technologies has received a
contract from Raytheon Missile systems to supply a thermal imager, based
on its Horizontal Technology Integration (HTI) second-generation products
used in sighting systems for the US Army and Marine Corps, for use by the
US Navy on the Raytheon Mk 15 Phalanx CIWS Block 1B upgrade,
displacing the existing Thales UK product (the HDTI 5-2F thermal imager).
L m SYSTEMS
The week before completing this overview, the editor spent three days at the
Eurosatory land-systems exhibition in Paris. Apart from the mainstream of
defence contractors in this particular niche, there were about a dozen
companies, new to Jane's, that were promoting night-vision or laser
products of one description or another. Some, to be fair, were acting as
The Rogue remote gun station, as fifted to SAS Makhanda jor trials (RDL)
1132703
station on display at
1123738
agents for the primes but others appeared to be bringing new designs into
the market. Most of these were offering devices tailored to using proprietary
image intensification (II or 12) tubes procured from the nine main suppliers
worldwide. One, however, was using tubes produced in Russia. They wil
all be contacted during the course of the year.
This rather specific aside serves to confirm my belief in the growth of th~
night-vision market, be it through I1 or Thermal Imaging (TI) sensors. Then
is nothing l i e operational applicationsto emphasise the need for increasing
numbers of in-production systems and, of course, new systems with the very
latest technology. The feedback from the bottom upwards is bein1
addressed and the innovations are filtering down to the front line. Of course
the reality is that there will never be quite enough to satisfy the soldier but
in truth, there is more night-vision capability in the front line now than twc
years ago.
Looking at the front line soldier brings the various projects for what i!
referred to as 'Soldier Modemisation' into focus. More countries an
adopting equivalent projects which are aimed to bring the infantryman i n t ~
the Network Centric world. Apart from the pamphernalia of 'soldiering' -
durable clothing and boots, protection (gas mask, helmet and body amour),
weapons and ammunition - the soldier is now being tasked with carrying
individual communications, night-visionlvidw sensors (which brings the
subject into this tome) and, of course, the libiquitous computer. The problem
for the soldier is, of course, weight - all this electronic gadgetry requires
power - and power means batteries.
The more batteries required to operate such systems means more weight
for the new land warrior to carry. The word in the bazaars at Eurosatory is
that this is a problem more than one national programme is encountering.
No-one will admit it outright but it is there. The announcement (on 20 June
2006) that the UK's QinetiQ and ABSL Power Solutions LM have received
a contract to mature technology for the next generatiort of portable power
systems from the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) Dismounted
Close-Combat Integrated Project Team adds weight to the assertion. One of
the contract's requirements, according to QinetiQ is "for a man-portable
infantry power supply that should deiiver dramatic improvements in energy
density to support future modem soldier requirements for the UK MOD".
The US Army's Program Manager - Soldier Warrior (Fort Beivoir,
Virginia) is also aware of this problem and is currently evaluating an
advanced, high-power, lightweight, soldier-wearable power source
developed by DuPont (Wilrnington, Delaware) under the FY06 Defense
Acquisition Program. As well as offering a direct power source for the
various electronic systems carried by the soldier, this fuel cell also includes
smart circuitry to recharge batteries.
Moving to Armoured Fighting Vehicle (AFV) systems, the trend of
introducing the latest third-generation TI sensors in place of existing earlier
generation thermal sensors and into f i o n t r o l systems continues unabated
- the US has such programmes in place for the M1 Abrams Main Battle
Tank (MBTs) and the MUM3 Bradley familiy of AFVs. The addition of
RCWS (or RWS) also moves forward, with TI an integral part of the the
sensor suite. Typical of the genre but with an ingenious configuration is the
Panoramic Low-Signature Sight (PLSS) RWS from Saab Systems. A
prototype has been evaluated by Sweden's FMV (Defence Materiel
Administration) on a Swedish Army Strv 122 (Leopard 2A5) MBTs. This is
a sensor/weapon platform mounted on a telescopic mast whieh is fitted on
the tank turret in place of the commander's sight. It is intended to provide
the tank commander with improved situational awareness and increased
~rotection.
The PSLL combined commander's sight and remote weapon stdon installed in pkxe
of the original commander's sight on Swedish Army Stw 122 MBTat Skovde, Sweden,
in septen;ber ZW5 (Saab AB)
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEVL
As a result of this experience and subsequent further trials, the company
has received a contract to retrofit video downlinks to the Sniper pod. The
video downlink allows troops on the ground to simultaneously view the
same display as the, pilot in his cockpit, via an L 3 Communications
manpack Rover lB ground-based receiver. This ability offers troops on the
&round,paztidarly in urban environments, enhanced situational awareness
and can impEowe the spec$ of reaction to timesensitive targets, getting
bombs on t q e t faster than previous methis have allowed.
Another Lockheed Martin initiative involves an unsolicited proposal to
equip and utility helicopters with the Modemised Pilot's Night Vision
System (M-PNVS), developed as part of the Arrowhead upgrade for the
AH-64D Apache Longbow. Seen as a way to improve pilot visibility in
reduced visibility, including 'browndut' and 'white-out' situations, the
concept b w n as Pathfmder - not to be confused with an earlier product
based on the navigation pod from the company's LANTIRN system) takes
the M-PNVS element of Arrowhead and mounts it on a tactical transport
helicopter.
The Pathffnder concept is initially focussed on operators of AH-64Ds
already acquiring the Arrowhead system. At any given time, a proportion of The Guardiancivil counterWPADS pod mounted on an MD-I1 airliner. To the lefi
those helicopters would be out-of-service awaiting or undergoing scheduled can be seen one of the four missile approach w a m r antennae, while the laser
maintenance. By fitting an adaptor on cargdutility helicopters, the M-PNVS jamming turret protrudes beneath (Northrop G~mman) 1158141
portion of the ApacWs system can be easily 'cross-decked' to the other
helicopter type. This would allow extended use of the system itself,
improved capability for the other type for the comparatively modest
modification cost, according to Lockheed Martin. While the US Army is
showing great interest in Pathfinder, it has no formal requirement or funding
stream. International users of the AH-64D have also expressed interest.
In the world of missile IR seekers, the acceptance in October 2005 of the
MBDA U AD m (Mquette a'Autodirecteur Infra Rouge) strapdown IR
seeker module by the French Delegation General pour I'Armenwnt (DGA)
marks the return of the company to the IR seeker domain. The work has
been csrried out by the company's seeker division, formed from is
acquisition of Alenia Marconi (Dynamics), and involves the development of
tube with a high SNR (lef) and a low SNR (rtght) 1(PhOtonis-DW)
a large format 1R detector that has simplified the haming head lineof-sight
system. Accordiug to the company, "series production costs of the
MADRID seeker will be mund 20 to 30 per cent lower than that of other third generation (Gen 3), he said, "is simply the difference in production
imaging seekers'*e methodology, not the performance of the if tube".
From missiles to defences against missiles and evolution of the "Performance" is usually defined by a bmad set of parameters, most
ANIAAQ24fv) Dire& InfraRed CounterMeasures (DIRCM) has seen importantly identified by the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and the
the original variants, known as Nemesis, using xenon arc lamps are no Resolution (lphnm). Regarless of the fact whether the II tube is classified
longer in production, although they continue in service. The as Gen 2 or Gen 3, it is the performatlce that makes a tube's value for money
ANIAAQ24(V)13 Large aircraft InfraRed CounterMeasures (LADRCM) and what makes it a safety tool in today's close combat, special and airborne
system is the nurent production model at Northrop Chmman (Rolling operations.
Meadows, Illinois), which uses the solid-state diadspumped Nd:YAG After the two basic indicators ( S M and lplmm), Vloon considers users
Viper laser as the jamming source, in place of the lamp. A variant of this, and buyers should also take into account the size of any halo effect (which
in podded fonn and known as Guardian, is being evaluated by the US is smaller in Gen 2 tubes), the availability of additional features like
Department of Homeland Security contract in the Counter-MANPADS autogated power supply units (which are available in Gen 2) and Iifetime
(man-ponable air defence system) programme, and is flying on an MD-11 (which is longer for Gen 2).
airliner. BAE Systems' Integrated Electronic Warfare Systems (Nashua, While there are many different systems which use II tubes, Vloon is
New Hampshire) is the other contender in the battle for civil airline confident in his assertion that ''production methodofogies do not create the
countermeasures, with its JetEye system flying on a Boeing 767. advantage for users during their mission... but performance does".
Moving across to TI, the market continues to grow. The view from
France's Sofradir is that the world market for IR detectors - the cure of any
KEY TEGHPJOLOGIES thermal camera - will grow by at least 10 per cent if~llluallyfor the
In the field of night vision, Image Intensifier tubes are the heart of many foreseeable future. Speaking with the Editor in March 2006, Dr Wppe
systems, providing most of the performance of today's night vision Bensussan, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the company,
equipment. Speaking with Ben Vloon of Photonis-DEP, he emphasised that explained that the 10 per cent figure covered both cooled and uncooled IR

Ii
it is important for users and buyers to not only look at the generation of the detectors, with the uncooled market growing at a rate of some 22 per cent,
tube. The main technical difference between second generation (Gen 2) and while the cooled market was about 7 per cent.
Part of Sofradir's future business strategy, Bensussan said, was to
"introduce new technology". This includes larger sized arrays (1,000 x
1,000 pixels upwards) with reduced pixel pitch;-digital read-obt integrated
circuits; and bi-colour/"i-spectral arrays. The company devotes 8.5 per cent
of sales revenue to its research and development efforts, he said, adding that
Sofradir is presently expandiig its facilities in Grenoble, partly to install the
equipment to produce the detector material by a process known as molecular
beam epitaxy.
The search for better clarity in thermal images, in terms of denser arrays
(such as reducing the pitch between individual detectors) progresses in the
United States. In September 2005, Sensors Unlimited (now the Goodrich
Corporation's Optical and Space Systems division, in Princeton, New
Jersey) was awarded a Defense Advand Research Projects Agency
(DARPA) Microsystems Technology Offtce contract to develop a 1,280 x
1,024 pixel, dual-wavelength (visible and short-wave IR) Focal Plane Array
(FPA) using uncooled Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) technology with
a pixel pitch of 15 pm. This award was followed in January 2006, by one
from the US Army's NVESD, to design, develop and deliver an InGaAs
FPA for use in highdefinition (1,920 x 1,080 pixel) short-wave IR
night-vision cameras. The work focuses on development of an improved
iowdinb ftom the sniper pod flying stand-oflsurveillanc~(Lockheed Martin) Readout Integrated Circuit (ROIC) architecture which is backwards
1 l58lrU) compatible with older imaging technologies.

Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007 [I21 jeos.jartes.com

 EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

msei B a &ow a sin& LkDaR image of a mving 33ft (16.15 m)fisJiing boat krken @ WUops Islrurd d Virgutra. I fw rmnge was rmznjzanr a ms-e OJ (ratu~
500m andprovi&s remarkable &mil. Look carefilly and you can achuiIIy make orrt the antennae of the boat in &ition to splashes of water next to &e cpft and the boat's
wake. The m111tlple images illustrate the 'ro~tional'abilitj, of the seeker data - they are not separate images, just the same image m t m d to various
angles (hlrheed Martin] ll3O3O4
 Acknowledgements
This product would never happen without the input, help and cooperation
of those manufacturers, armed forces, research and development
establishanex& and expert individuals who have provided information to
Jane's EIedrQIoptic System, particularly those who were in receipt of
urgent requests for clarification of specific points as we moved towards
deadline. There are too many to name individually, but you know who you
are and I offer, as always, my gratefd thanks.
E q M y important are those involved in the output of the product at Jane's
Coulsdon HQ. For most of this production year, I have worked closely with
Daniel Cadty as my main content editor, under the watchful eye of Melanie
Rovexy. As we moved to the hardcopy production, Daniel's internal
pmmotictn resulted in him 'handing the baton' to Rebecca Davies for the
final proofing stages. On the production side itself these pages would not
appear without the contribution of Jack Brenchley.
I appreciate your dedication, professionalism and sheer hard work.
Thanks also to the senior management team of Jonathan Grevatt, Sean
Howe and Sara Morgan.
To the in-house industry information gathering team, the
imageprocessing team and the CMS suppot tam I, again, offer grateful
thanks for guiding me through the labyrinth of procedures and protacols.
As always, I am indebted to my 'content-gathering' colleagues at Jane's
within the new desk organisations, who have fed me information and
answered specific or general questions as I process the words. To Edward
(Dick) Downs, Christopher P. Foss, E. R. (Ted) Hooton, Richard Jones,
Joris Janssen Lok, Ken Munson, Rupert Pengelley, Doug Richardson,
Richard Scott, Richard Stickland, Martin Streetiy, Bill Sweetman and Tony
Watts, I thank you for sharing and debating your particular knowledge with
me.
However, the bottom line of responsibility remains with the Editor -
myself. Should something have slipped through the net, then please let me
know.
Michael J Gething
26 June 2006

Michael J ing, A MRAeS, MClJ

Michael J Gething has been an aviationldefence journalist and editor since
1973, when he joined the staff of the Royal Aeronautical Society's
publication Aerospace. In October 1976, he moved to DEFENCE magazine
where he spent 17 years, eight of them as Editor, before joining Jane's
Information Group in December 1993 to edit Jane's Defence Systems
Modernisation. In 1997, this evolved into Jane's Defence Upgrades. With
the incorporation of JDU in Intemtional Defence Review in June 2003, he
became IDR's Upgrades Editor and began work on Jane's Electro-Optic
Systems.
Between 1972 and 1979, Michael produced the aircraft modelling and
aviation interest pages for Air Cadet News, newspaper of the Air Training
Corps, in which he served as a Flying Officer in the Training Branch of the
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (1972-1986). He was also the last editor
of the Ai@ Magazine in 1993. Together with Giinter Endres, he has
recently produced the two editions of Jane's Aircrafi Recognition Guide,
and among his other solo published works are Sky Guardians - the Air
Defence of Great Britain, Air Power 2000 and F-IS Eagle.
An Associate Member of the Royal Aeronautical Society and a Member
of the Chartered Institute of Journalists, Michael also belongs to Air-Britain
and the Air Power Association. He is married with a son (in the RAF) and
a daughter and lives in deepest Sussex.
B
t , Jane's online service
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Equipment specifications
 Glossary
This glossary deals with technical terms only and not standard SI or other units, names of organisations, or of specific programmes; the latter will be found
in the general index.

A few words of explanation are provided where appropriate. For further technical detail, an excellent reference text is " The Znfra-Red and Electro-Optical
Systems Handbook ", edited by J S Accetta and D L Shumaker, published by SPIElERIM (1993); Volume 5 of this set is particularly relevant.

Because of the potential for confusion between different video standards and different measures of image resolution, some further notes on these topics
are provided at the end of this glossary.

AA Anti-Aircraft EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility

AAM Air-tc-Air Missile EMD Engineering and Manufacturing Development
AAW Anti-Air Warfare EM1 Electromagnetic Immunity
ABC Automatic Brightness Control (for image intensifiers) EO electrooptic(a1)
Absorption Fraction of energy absorbed per unit pathlength EO detector A component that detects radiation by the effect of light
coefficient in generating an electrical signal
AC Alternating Current EOCCM EO Counter Countermeasure (capability to resist
ACLOS Automatic Command to Line of Sight (guidance mode EOCM)
of a missile) EOCM EO Countermeasure
AEW Airborne Early Warning (aircraft) EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal
AFY Armoured Fighting Vehicle ERA Explosive Reactive Armour
AGC Automatic Gain Control Er:Glass Erbium:Glass (see Materials section)
AGL Above Ground Level (height of an aircraft) ESM Electronic Support Measures
Angle of elevation The angle between the line of sight and the horizontal EW Electronic Warfare
plane F (or f) number The ratio of the focal length of a lens to its diameter
AP Armour-Piercing (ammunition) FAC Forward Air Controller
APDS Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot (ammunition) FAC Fast Attack Craft
APFSDS Armour-Piercing FinStabilised Discarding Sabot FCS FireControl System
(ammunition) rnDI Fibre-Distributed Data Interface
APC Armoured Personnel Canier FFr Fast Fourier Transform
APD Avalanche Photodiode (provides higher gain than PIN FIR Far Infra-Red (the 15 to 1,000 pm band)
diode detector; often used in LRF receivers) FLIR Forward Looking infra-red (typically a fixeddirection
ARPA Area Radar Prediction Analysis narrow-FOV system, with a display for the user)
Anti-reflection A thin film of material applied to an optical surface to Frequency Modulation
coating reduce the reflectivity and increase the transmission of Fibre Optic (sometimes used in the form of a twister to
radiation through the surface invert an image, or as a taper to couple an image
ASuW Anti-Surface Warfare intensifier to a CCD camera)
ASW AntiSubmarine Warfare FOM Figure of Merit - a US I1 tube specification used to
ATBM Anti-Tactical Ballistic Missile qualify exportability, calculated on resolution (line pairs
ATGM Anti-Tank Guided Missile (almost synonymous with per millimetre) x signal-to-noise ratio
ATGW) FoV Field-of-View
ATGW Anti-Tank Guided Weapon FPA Focal Plane Array (as opposed to a scanned array)
Be0 Beryllium Oxide (see Materials section) GaAs Gallium Arsenide (see Materials section)
BIT Built-In Test Ge Germanium (see Materials section)
BITE Built-In Test Equipment Gen (or GEN) 1, 2, The generations of image intensifiers used in NVG.
CZ Command and Control 3 Earliest electrostatically focused Gen 1 tubes had low
c31 Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence gain. Gen 2 introduced MCP for much higher gain; Gen
c41 Command, Control, Communications, Computers and 3 introduced improved 3-V (GaAs) photocathodes. A
Intelligence confusing variety of proprietary names are also used
CAS Close Air Support such as Supeffien and Gen 2 Super
CCD Charge Coupled Device (solid-state TV imaging detector GPS Global Positioning System
chip) H Horizontal (referring to FoV)
CCIR see note below on video standards HE High-Energy (warhead explosive)
CCTV ClosedCircuit TV HEAT High-Energy Anti-Tank (ammunition)
CEP Circular Error Probability (a measure of the accuracy of HEL High-Energy Laser
bomb or missile targeting) HESH High-Explosive Squash Head (ammunition)
CIC Command and Information Centre (on a ship) HF High-Frequency
CIWS Close-In Weapons System HMD Helmet-Mounted Display
CLGP Cannon-Launched Guided Projectile HOE Holographic Optical Element
CLOS Command to Line of Sight (guidance mode of a missile) HUD Head-Up Display
CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor HVM High- (or Hyper) Velocity Missile
CMT Cadmium Mercury Telluride, a commonly used IR ICCD Intensified CCD (CCD TV camera with image
detector material, also known as MCT. (see Materials intensifying stage)
section) ICV Infantry Combat Vehicle
COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf IDCA Integrated Detector/Cooler Assembly
CRT Cathode Ray Tube (display) ED Improvised Explosive Device
CW Continuous Wave IFF Interrogation Friend or Foe
DAS Defensive Aids System IFV Infantry Fighting Vehicle
DC Direct Current I1 or IZ Image intensifier(d)
DF Direction Finding IIR, 12R Imaging IR (as distinct from earlier generation scanned
DFoV Dual FoV (Field-of-View) IR systems)
DIRCM Directed/Directional IR Countermeasure InSb Indium Antimonide (see Materials section)
Divergence The bending of light beams away from each other, for InGaAs Indium Gallium Arsenide (see Materials section)
example by a lens INS Inertial Navigation System
ECCM Electronic Counter Countermeasure (capability to resist IR infra-red
ECM) IRCCD infra-red CCD
ECM Electronic Countermeasure IRCCM IR Counter Countermeasure (capability to resist IRCM)
EFL Effective Focal Length IRCM IR Countermeasure
EFT Explosively Formed Projectile(type of missile warhead) IRFPA IR Focal Plane Array

Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007

right attitudelright approach/right alongside
www.oss.goodrich.com
THE LEADERS IN InGaAs TECHNOLOGY
 GLOSSARY
IRLS IR Line Scan NIC Near Infrared Camera
IRST IR Search and Track (differs from FLlR in that the FoV NIIRS National Imagery Interpretation Rating Scale (US)
is mechanically steerable in the direction of choice, the NIR Near Infra-Red (the 0.7 to 1.4 pm band)
primary destination of the image information is a NLOS Non Line-of-Sight
computer rather than a display screen and autotracking NVB Night Vision Binocular
functions are built in). NVG Night Vision Goggle
ISR Intelligence. Surveillance and Reconnaissance OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
ISTAR Intelligence, Surveillance. Targeting, Acquisition and OLED Organic Light-Emitting Diode
Reconnaissance OPO Optical Parametric Oscillator (non-linear crystal. for
Joule Thomson (cooler for IR detector). A cooling example KTP. used for shifting laser wavelength)
technique which uses the expansion of High-pressure OTA Overfly Top-Attack (anti-armour missile attack mode)
gas. By forcing the gas, usually nitrogen or argon, PbSe Lead Selenide (see Materials section)
through a narrow nozzle, the gas expands and absorbs PC Personal Computer
heat causing its surroundings to cool PC Photoconductive (mode of operation of a photodetector)
KE Kinetic Energy (of a munition or weapon) PDA Photodiode Array
KTP Potassium Titanate Phosphate (see Materials section) PCM Prccision Guided Munition (often SAL guided)
LAN Local Area Network PIN Positive-Intrinsic-Negative (type of semiconductor
Laser designator An instrument for weapon delivery applications, the photodiode structure)
laser illuminates the target with a coded signal. The PIR Passive Infra-Red
attacking missile launched from a platform which can be PN Proportional Navigation (guidance mode of a missile)
some distance from the designator. has a laser sensor PNVG Panoramic NVG (or WFoV NVG)
which detects the reflected code signal from the target PPI Plan Position Indicator (radar display)
and provides the homing signal to guide the missile to PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
the target PST Lead Scandium Tantalate (see Materials section)
Laser range-finder An instrument to measure the range of a target PV Photovoltaic (mode of operation of a photodetector)
LAV I.ight Armoured Vehicle QWIP Quantum Well Infra-red Photodetector
LCD Liquid Crystal Display RAM Radar-Absorbing Material
LED Light Emitting Diode Raman effect When light is scattered through a transparent material.
LiF Lithium Fluoride (see Materials section) part of the light is scattered in all directions. The
LiNbO, Lithium Niobate (see Materials section) frequency of much of the scattered light is identical to
LiTaO, Lithium Tantalate (see Materials section) the frequency of the incident beam. A part of the
LL ADS Low-Level Air Defence System scattered light has frequencies different from the
LLTV, LLLTV Low-Light Level TV frequency of the incident beam by values related to thc
LOAL Lock-On After Launch emission or absorption energies of the atoms or
LOBL Lock-On Before Launch molecules of the scattering material. This part is called
LOROP Long Range Oblique Photographic Raman scattering. If the frequency v of the incident
LoS Line-of-Sight light is varied. then the frequencies of the Raman
LPE Liquid Phase Epitaxy (method of manufacturing IR scattered photons maintain constant frequency
detectors) differences from v
LRF Laser Rangefinder RCS Radar Cross Section
LRU Line Replaceable Unit RF Radar Frequency
LST Laser Spot Tracker RHA Rolled Homogeneous Armour
LTD Laser Target Designator RMS Root Mean Square
LWlR Long-Wave Infra-Red (the 8 to 12 pm band - sometimes ROI Region of Interest (within an optical window)
stretching to 15 pm) ROIC Read-Out Integrated Circuit
LWRLWS Laser Warning ReceiverISystem RPV Remotely Piloted Vehicle (see also UAV)
MANPADS Man-Portable Air Defence System RWR Radar Warning Receiver
MBE Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The deposition of one or more SACLOS Semi-Automatic CLOS (guidance mode of a mi\sile)
pure materials onto a single crystal wafer, one layer of SAL Semi-Active Laser (missile guidance using laser
atoms at a time, under ultra-high vacuum, forming a designation)
perfect crystal. SAM Surface-to-Air Missile
MBT Main Battle Tank SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar
MCLOS Manual CLOS (guidance mode of a missile) SDD System Design and Development (equivalent to EMD)
MCM Mine Countermeasures (ship) SFW Sensor Fused Weapon
MCP Microchannel Plate SLR Single Lens Reflex (camera)
MCT Mercury Cadmium Telluride (HgCdTe) - see, also, CMT SP Self-Propelled
and the Materials section SPRITE Signal Processing In The Element (a proprietary
MLU Mid-Life Update technique performing on-chip signal integration in a
MMI ManNachine Interface scanned IR detector)
MOVPE Metal Organic Vapour Phase Deposition (method of SPS Standard Positioning Service (relating to GPS)
manufacturing IR detectors) SRU Shop Replaceable Unit
MRTD (or MRT) Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference (a SSBN Submarine (ballistic missile, nuclear powered)
subjective measure of the thermal contrast sensitivity of SSGN Submarine (land-attack, special forces. nuclear powered)
an IR system including its display, usually quoted in "C SSK Diesel-electric powered submarine
or K at a given image resolution expressed in Iplmrad). SSKP Single-Shot Kill Probability
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures SSN Submarine (attack, nuclear powered)
MTI Moving Target indication SWIR Short-Wave Infra-Red (the 1.4 to 3 ptn band)
MTTR Mean Time To Repair TBM Tactical Ballistic Missile
MWlR Mid-Wave Infra-Red (the 3 to 5 pm band - sometimes TDI Time Delay and Integration
stretching to 8 pm) TEL Transporter-Erector-Launcher (for TBM)
NBC Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Thermo-electric A cooling technique which exploits the 'Peltier Effect'
Nd:Class Neodymium:Glass (see Materials section) cooling by which current flowing across a junction between two
Nd:KGW Neodymium:Potassium Gadolinium Tungstate (see dissimilar materials causing one material to heat while
Materials section) the other cools
Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (see Materials TI Thermal ImagerIImaging
section) TICM Thermal Imaging Common Module
NDI Non-Developmental Item TIS Thermal Imaging System
NEI Noise Equivalent lrradiance ToF Time of Flight
NETD (or NET) Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (differs from TV Television
MRTD, in that it is a measure of contrast sensitivity TVL TV Lines (a measure of iniage resolution)
defined as equivalent to the electronic noise level of the TWT Travelling Wave Tube
receivcr) UAV Unmanned Aerial Vchiclc
NFoV Narrow Field-of-View (for system having more than one UHF Ultra-High Frequency
FoV) UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
NGS Naval Gunfire Support uv Ultra-violet (wavelengths shorter than 400 nm)

Jane's Electro-Optic S y s t e m s 2006-2007

GLOSSARY
v Vertical (referring to FoV) Germanium (Ge) A shiny semi-conductor material used for
VCR Video Cassette Recorder windows and lenses in infra-red imaging
VHF Very High Frequency systems
VLSI Very Large Scale Integration (of electronic circuits) Indium Antimonide (InSb) A semiconductor material used as an infra-red
Vanadium Oxide (see Materials section) detector for radiation of wavelengths of 1 to 6
v205
WFoV Wide Field-of-View (for system having more than one prn (near to mid-wave IR)
FOV) Indium Gallium Arsenide A semiconductor material used as an infra-red
WRA Weapon Replaceable Assembly (US term for LRU qv) (InCaAs) detector for near infra-red wavelengths of
ZnS Zinc Sulphate (see Materials section) 1.300 to 1,550 nm
Lead Scandium Tantalate (PST) A ferroelectric thermal detector material,
offering exceptionally good pyroelectric figures
UNITS
of merit, especially for small uncooled LWIR
detectors.
Angle Lead Selenide (PhSe) A photoconductive detector material, sensitive
to the infrared portion of the spectrum
Fields+f-view and resolutions of EO systems may he expressed in a variety of
covering wavelengths of 1 to 7 pni
different units. Angle may he denominated in:
Lithium Fluoride (LiF) A crystalline material used for windows and
degrees (") other components in the Ultra-violet, visible
mrad (milliradians, that is, o n e thousandth of a radian - I mrad being and infrared. It has very high transmittance
approximately 0.0573") from 140 nm (in the UV) to its infrared
mil (1 mil is 116400 o f a circle, that is, 0.0562S0, almost equal t o I mrad) absorption edge at 1.8 pm
grad (1 grad is 11100 o f a right angle, that is, 0.9") Lith~umNiobate (LiNhO,) A crystalline ferroelectric material with very
high electrwptic and piezoelectric
Image resolutions may he expresued as: coefficients. Lithium Niohate is used as a
T V lines (per picture height) pyroelectric material in pyroelectric infrared
detectors
Iplmm (line pairs per m m ) o r cyclmm (cycles per mm), rcferred t o the
Lithium Tantalate (LiTaO,) A pyroelectric material used for pyroelectric
linear image size infra-red detectors
Iplmrad o r cyclmrad, in angular terms
Mercury Cadmium Telluride The same as Cadmium Mercury Telluride
(MCT) (CdHgTe or CMT)
Linear and angular scales are related to each other through the focal length of the
Neodymium:glass (NdGlass) A high power solid-state laser. The laser
system. wavelength is 1.062 pm (using silicate glass)
and 1.054 pm (using phosphate glass). Used in
l.a\er heamwidths are often expressed in mrad, but the definition may be stated in extremely high power -(Terawatt scale), high
ternis of the width at half maximum (that is, 50 per cent amplitude), the width at 90 energy (Megajoules) multiple-beam systems
per cent points, lie points (37 per cent), or lie' points (13.5 per cent).
Neody~niuni:potassit~m A high power solid-state 1.067 pm laser.
gadolinium tungstate (Nd:KGW) OlTering 30010 more output compared to
Wavelength Nd:YAG, Nd:KGW is an efficient Raman
converter and well-suited for diode-pumped
Wavelengths in the visible region are usually expressed in nm (nanometres (10-" m), lasers.
and range from approximately 400 nm (or 0.4 pm) in the blue to 700 nm (0.7 pm) Neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) Yttrlurn aluminium garnet doped with
in the red. infra-red wavelengths tend to he denominated in pm (micrometres (lo-" neodymium is the lasing medium of the
m) or microns; I pm = 1000 nm). Ultra-violet wavelengths are less than 400 nm. Nd:YAG laser. The laser wavelength is
1.064 p m Uses include laser rangetinding
and laser radar
Potassium Titanate Phosphate A non-linear crystal used for laser frequency
Lux - the S.I. unit of illumination. Typical ambient light levels range through: (KTP) or wavelength shifting
(a) l o r 4 - Overcast (starlit) sky Vanadium Oxide (VzO,) Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide, this
( b ) lo-' - Starlight material has a high thermal coefficient of
(c) lo-' - Full moon resistance, so is used as a detector material in
bolometers and microbolometer arrays for
(d) 1 0 - Twilight thermal imaging.
( e ) 10" Overcast day
-
Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) A polycry~tallinematerial which transmits in
(f) l o 5 - Bright sunlight the infrared spectrum

foot-Lamhert (fL) - unit of luminance of a source used m the US. Elsewhere
Candeldm2 (approximately 3.43 fL) is generally wed.
Materials
Some of the common materials are mentioned in the preceding plmsary listing, hut a
separate summary here is thought helpful.
Beryllium oxide (BeO) A dielectric ceramic semiconductor material
with high electrical resistivity and high thermal
conductivity
Cadmium Mercury Telluride A material which is sensitive to 1R radiation
(CdHgTe or CMT) and which generates an electrical output when
stimulated. The most common IR detector
material. Also known as MCT. Made in PV or
PC variants
ErbiumGlass (Er:Glass) A lasing medium for 1.54 pm eye-safe lasers,
with a characteristic pink tinge
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) A semiconductor material used as an infra-red
detector
VIDEO STANDARDS
Video standards are set by bodies such as the CCIR and EIA.
CCIR (Comite Consultatif des Radio CommunicationIInternational Radio
Consultative Committee)
E I A (Electronic Industries Association (US). Produce R S (recommended
standards)
Standards in common usage include:
CCIR. Set of C C T V standards, used outside U S and Japan (625 line,
5 0 Hz)
NTSC. Broadcast standard in U S and Japan. Equivalent t o RS-170A
PAL. European broadcast standard (625 lines, 50 fieldsls, 2:l interlace).
Equivalent t o C C I R System 1
RS-170. Monochrome video (525 lines, 60 fieldsls, 2:l interlace)
RS-170A. Colour, comparable to RS-170
RS-330. Similar t o R S 170 (525 lines, 60 fieldsls, 2: 1 interlace)
RS-343A. High-resolution monochrome C C T V (875 lines. 50 o r 60
fieldsls)

Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007

 Alphabetical list of advertisers
Aselsan
PO BOX 101, Yenimahalle TR-06172, Ankara, Turkey ................................................................................................................... [2]

El-Op
Advanced Technology Park, Kiryat Weizmann, PO Box 1165 Rehovot 761 11, Israel ......................................... Outside hack cover

FLIR Systems, Inc

27700A SW Parkway Avenue, Wilsonville, Oregon 97070, United States ........................................................... O z d e front c o w r

Sensors Unlimited, Inc

3490 Route 1, Building 12, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States ........................................................ [between pages 16/17]

Vectronix AG
Max-Schmidheiny-Strasse 202, CH-9435 Heerbrugg, Switzerland ........................................................................... Inside front cover

DISCLAIMER
Jane's Information Group gives no warranties, conditions, guarantees or representations, express or implied, as to
the content of any advertisements, including but limited to compliance with description and quality or fitness for
purpose of the product or service. Jane's Information Group will not be liable for any damages, including without
limitation, direct, indirect or consequential damages arising from any use of products or services or any actions or
omissions taken in direct reliance on information contained in advertisements.

jeos.janes.com [I91 Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007

NAVAL SYSTEMS
 NAVAL SYSTEMS - SECTION SUMMARY

This section includes electro-optic systems reported as deployed on naval vessels or developed for naval applications.
Systems are grouped in the following subsections according to their type:

Submarine weapon control systems

Optronic masts
Non-hull penetrating submarine masts.

Periscopes
Search and attack periscopes, but excluding periscopes that d o not contain a thermal imager, image
intensifier or laser range-finder.

Ship-launched missiles
Surface-to-surface missiles
Ship launched surface t o surface missiles with a laser seeker, or a scanning or imaging infra-red
seeker in at least one variant of the missile class.

Surface-to-air missiles
Ship launched surface t o air missiles with a scanning or imaging infra-red seeker i n at least one
variant of the missile class or with an electro-optic fire-control system or an optional electro-optic
adjunct t o a radar fire-control system.

Ship close-in weapon systems

Surface-to-air missiles/guns
Close in weapon systems with an electro-optic element and which combine a gun with a high rate
of fire and a short range missile system.

Guns
Close in weapon systems with an inbuilt electro-optic sight and a gun with a high rate of fire.

Ship countermeasure systems

Laser dazzle systems
Shipborne active laser countermeasures systems.

Laser warning systems

Shipborne laser warners.

Ship weapon control system

Fire control
Shipborne fire-control systems for guns and/or missiles that include a laser range-finder, thermal
imager or image intensifying camera as either part of the fire-control system or an optional
adjunct t o the fire-control system (see also surveillance systems in this section for closely related
systems).

Infrared search and track

Shipborne scanning infra-red detection systems, primarily deployed for protection against sea-
skimming missile threats.

Surveillance
Shipborne electro-optic sensors used primarily for observation and surveillance and not specifically
associated with weapon control systems. Some systems may, however, be used for limited control
of light guns.

Thermal imagers
Thermal imagers that have been qualified for naval applications or are known to be used on
shipborne systems.
 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS
OPTRONIC MASTS
Carl Zeiss Optronics SERO 14
TYpe
Periscope system.

Description
The SERO 14 and SERO 15 periscopes (qv) together comprise a modular
system. In its basic configuration the SERO 14 features a two-axis
line-of-sight stabilisation for both the visual and the infra-red (IR) channel,
binocular viewing with geometrical beam splitting, continuous zoom
of the visual image with click-stop magnifications at x1.5, x6 and x12,
efficient optical range-finding system (stadimeter), remote-control
capabilities from a combat system console and integration facilities on
top for a wide variety of antennas.
The IR channel is equipped with an Ophelios Gen 2 thermal camera
(qv) in the wavelength region of 7.5 to 10.5 pm. The CMT detector is of
the IRCCD 9 6 x 4 type with 2 : l interlace (number of lines 576, pixels
per line 768). The elevation prism ranges between -15 and +75". The
field-of-view of the visual channel varies by continuous zooming from
34 x 28" (horizontal by vertical) at x1.5 magnification to 4 x 3" (horizontal
by vertical) at x12 rnagnification.The auxiliary eyepiece at the rear side
of this periscope allows the attachment of different types of cameras.
The eyepiece data display provides a digital read-out of the true and
relative bearing, line-of-sight elevation angle, target height and range.
The SERO 14 is installed into a hoisting mast with streamlined fairing.
The following options are available:
Radar early warning antenna;
Navigation (GPS) and communication (UHFNHF) antenna;
CCDTV camera, alternatively LLLTV camera, alternatively a digital and/
or small film camera (35 mm);
RAM coating.

Operational status
The SERO 14 periscope is operational in the Norwegian Ula class
submarines and is in production for the German and Italian navies' new
Type 212A submarines. The SERO 14 (left)
a n d SERO 15 (right)
Contractor periscopes
Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH. (Carl Zeiss Optronics)
0017501

19,990 m . The elevation prism ranges between -15 and +60°.

The field-of-view of the visual channel amounts t o 36 x 28"
(horizontal by vertical) at x1.5 magnification to 8.5 x 6.5" (horizontal
by vertical) at x6 magnification. The auxiliary eyepiece at the rear
side of this periscope allows the attachment of different types
of cameras. The eyepiece data display provides a digital read-out
of the true and relative bearing, line-of-sight elevation angle, target
height and range.
The SERO 15 is installed into a hoisting device with streamlined fairing.
The following options are available:
CCDTV camera, alternatively LLLTV camera, alternatively a digital and/
or small film camera (35 mm);
RAM coating.

Operational status
The SERO 15 periscope is in service aboard Norwegian Ula class
submarines and is in production for the German and Italian navies' new
Type 212A submarines.

Contractor
Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH.
-
The SERO 15 (foreqround) a n d SERO 14 (behind) on board a Norweaian
Ula class submari;e 0007234

Elektropribor PARUS-98E optronic mast

Carl Zeiss Optronics SERO 15
TYpe
Periscope system.
Description
The SERO 15 and SERO 14 (qv) periscopes together comprise a modular
system. In its basic configuration the SERO 15 features an integrated eye-
safe laser range-finder on top of the periscope, a two-axis line-of-sight
stabilisation for both the visual and the laser channels, binocular viewing
with geometrical beam splitting of the visual channel with magnifications
at x1.5 and x6, efficient optical range-finding system (stadimeter) and
remote-control capabilities from a combat system console.
The laser channel is equipped with an eye-safe Raman-shifted
Nd:YAG laser. The maximum target range indicated amounts to
Type
Submarine optronic mast.
Description
Part of the Unified Periscope System, the PARUS-98E optronic
mast comprises a faired mast with gyro-stabilised line-of-sight
and hydraulic hoisting, ensuring periscope operation under
submarine speeds up to 10kt; a controller with video viewer
and system recorder for the panoramic sight, plus the power
supply.
Features of the optronic mast include day TV and low-light level TV
channels with variable fields-of-view, a thermal imager with variable
fields-of-view, a laser range-finder, an ESM Warner, and an amplified
antenna t o receive GPS and GLONASS satellite navigation system
signals.

Jane's Electro-Ootic Svstems 2006-2007

 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS
OPTRONIC MASTS
Carl Zeiss Optronics SERO 14
TYpe
Periscope system.

Description
The SERO 14 and SERO 15 periscopes (qv) together comprise a modular
system. In its basic configuration the SERO 14 features a two-axis
line-of-sight stabilisation for both the visual and the infra-red (IR) channel,
binocular viewing with geometrical beam splitting, continuous zoom
of the visual image with click-stop magnifications at x1.5, x6 and x12,
efficient optical range-finding system (stadimeter), remote-control
capabilities from a combat system console and integration facilities on
top for a wide variety of antennas.
The IR channel is equipped with an Ophelios Gen 2 thermal camera
(qv) in the wavelength region of 7.5 to 10.5 pm. The CMT detector is of
the IRCCD 9 6 x 4 type with 2 : l interlace (number of lines 576, pixels
per line 768). The elevation prism ranges between -15 and +75". The
field-of-view of the visual channel varies by continuous zooming from
34 x 28" (horizontal by vertical) at x1.5 magnification to 4 x 3" (horizontal
by vertical) at x12 rnagnification.The auxiliary eyepiece at the rear side
of this periscope allows the attachment of different types of cameras.
The eyepiece data display provides a digital read-out of the true and
relative bearing, line-of-sight elevation angle, target height and range.
The SERO 14 is installed into a hoisting mast with streamlined fairing.
The following options are available:
Radar early warning antenna;
Navigation (GPS) and communication (UHFNHF) antenna;
CCDTV camera, alternatively LLLTV camera, alternatively a digital and/
or small film camera (35 mm);
RAM coating.

Operational status
The SERO 14 periscope is operational in the Norwegian Ula class
submarines and is in production for the German and Italian navies' new
Type 212A submarines. The SERO 14 (left)
a n d SERO 15 (right)
Contractor periscopes
Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH. (Carl Zeiss Optronics)
0017501

19,990 m . The elevation prism ranges between -15 and +60°.

The field-of-view of the visual channel amounts t o 36 x 28"
(horizontal by vertical) at x1.5 magnification to 8.5 x 6.5" (horizontal
by vertical) at x6 magnification. The auxiliary eyepiece at the rear
side of this periscope allows the attachment of different types
of cameras. The eyepiece data display provides a digital read-out
of the true and relative bearing, line-of-sight elevation angle, target
height and range.
The SERO 15 is installed into a hoisting device with streamlined fairing.
The following options are available:
CCDTV camera, alternatively LLLTV camera, alternatively a digital and/
or small film camera (35 mm);
RAM coating.

Operational status
The SERO 15 periscope is in service aboard Norwegian Ula class
submarines and is in production for the German and Italian navies' new
Type 212A submarines.

Contractor
Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH.
-
The SERO 15 (foreqround) a n d SERO 14 (behind) on board a Norweaian
Ula class submari;e 0007234

Elektropribor PARUS-98E optronic mast

Carl Zeiss Optronics SERO 15
TYpe
Periscope system.
Description
The SERO 15 and SERO 14 (qv) periscopes together comprise a modular
system. In its basic configuration the SERO 15 features an integrated eye-
safe laser range-finder on top of the periscope, a two-axis line-of-sight
stabilisation for both the visual and the laser channels, binocular viewing
with geometrical beam splitting of the visual channel with magnifications
at x1.5 and x6, efficient optical range-finding system (stadimeter) and
remote-control capabilities from a combat system console.
The laser channel is equipped with an eye-safe Raman-shifted
Nd:YAG laser. The maximum target range indicated amounts to
Type
Submarine optronic mast.
Description
Part of the Unified Periscope System, the PARUS-98E optronic
mast comprises a faired mast with gyro-stabilised line-of-sight
and hydraulic hoisting, ensuring periscope operation under
submarine speeds up to 10kt; a controller with video viewer
and system recorder for the panoramic sight, plus the power
supply.
Features of the optronic mast include day TV and low-light level TV
channels with variable fields-of-view, a thermal imager with variable
fields-of-view, a laser range-finder, an ESM Warner, and an amplified
antenna t o receive GPS and GLONASS satellite navigation system
signals.

Jane's Electro-Ootic Svstems 2006-2007

4 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: OPTRONIC MASTS

Eye-safe Laser Range-finder;

ESM - Omni-directional and DF monopulse.

Operational status
In production for and in service with the US Navy'sVirginia class SSNs.

Specifications
Line-of-sight
Stabilisation: Z-axis
Azimuth: 360"
Elevation (VIS): -15 to +74"
Elevation (IR): -15 to <+55"
Fields-of-view (v x h)
24 x 32"
9 x 12"
3 x 4"
1.5 x 2"
Sensors
IR
B&W
Colour
Antennas
Signature control
Deplumer
RAS
Thermal

Contractor
Kollmorgen Electro-Optical.

The Parus-98E optronic mast control console (left) and the mast sensc
head (right) (Elektropribor) 104142
Kollmorgen/Calzoni Universal Modular
Operational status Mast ( U M M )
In production. In service on unspecified Russian Navy submarines.
TYpe
Specifications Submarine mast.
D a y I L L L N channels
Fields-of-view: 32" (wide); 5" (narrow) Development
Thermal imaging channel The Universal Modular Mast from Kollmorgen and its Italian subsidiary,
Spectral band: 8-12 p m Calzoni SrL, is a modular structure with a telescopic two-stage fairing,
Fields-of-view: 8 x 12" (wide); 2.6 x 4" (narrow) providing a hoisting mechanism for a variety of different sensors utilised
Laser range-finder by the US Navy.
Wavelength: 1.54 p m The programme was initiated in 1995 for application on the new
'Virginia' class SSNs (which are fitted with a bank of eight UMMs) with a
Contractor development phase and three initial production units. In 1999, Kollmorgen
Elektropribor (Russia).

Kollmorgen ANIBVS-1 Photonics Mast

Programme (PMP)
Type
Submarine photonics mast system.

Development
Kollmorgen's photonics mast system approach was proven under ,
DARPA Contract (NPP) in 1988. The NPP system components include
HDTV (monochrome), colourTV, thermal imaging and a combat cons011
control. It was mounted t o the Universal Modular Mast and installed 0 1
the USS Memphis.
In 1995, the DARPA system (NPP) was upgraded with new sensors
new electronics and a remote-control console and installed on thi
USS Phoenix (INPP). In 1995 Kollmorgen w o n the Photonics Mas
Programme (PMP) competition and is currently manufacturin!
production units for the Virginia class SSN. General Dynamics Electri
Boat constructed the first of class, Virginia (SSN 774), and will alsc
build the third vessel, Hawaii SSN 776. The Virginia was laid down il
September 1999, launched in August 2003 and delivered in June 2004
The vessel has begun sea trials and will be commissioned i~
October 2004. Northrop Grumman Newport News is building the second
Texas (SSN 775), and fourth - North Carolina (SSN 777).The US Navy'
total requirement is for 30 of the class, and, having agreed term
the first five, placed a multi-year contract for the following five il
January 2004.

Description
The electro-optical sensor system for the US Navy 'Virginia' class SSP
programme includes an eye-safe laser range-finder, two high-definitio~
TVs (colour and monochrome) and a mid-wave staring infra-red senso
in a single multispectral head window. The sensor system includes a1
eye-safe laser range-finder, ESM, direction-finding and a communication
antenna.The PMP (ANIBVS-I) is non-hull penetrating.
Features of the Photonics Mast Programme include: The Calzoni non-
Colour television; penetrating hoist
Monochrome HDTV; mast for submarines
Thermal imaging; 0505273

Jane's Electrn-Ontic Svstems 7006-7007 ions innos r n m

 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: OPTRONIC MASTS
A close-up o f the optronic head on one version o f the Universal Modular
Mast, together with its door-opening mechanism (Kollmorgen) 0569768
was awarded a contract option for 14 units, t o complete the first two
'Virginia' class boats. A further eight units were ordered in 2001, followed
by an order for 12 units in October 2002.
In January 2003, the company received a US$13.4 million contract
from US Naval Sea Systems Command for 16 units. Eight will go to the
fifth 'Virginia' class boat and eight (four each) to the first two 'Ohio' class
SSBNs being converted t o SSGN configuration. The first t w o masts of
this contract will be delivered in July 2004 and final deliveries made in
August 2006.
Description
The U M M is designed for extremely quiet operation and low maintenance
costs. It consists of a cartridge assembly including a structural module,
a mast fairing subassembly, a hoist cylinder and a closure-door
mechanism.
The use of standard interface allows integration of a variety of
above-water sensors and communications antennas t o be fitted to
the mast system. The modularity of the design enables easy and quick
installation and de-installation from the platform and the possibility, with
minor changes, of using common subassemblies for different sensor
payloads.
The use of a cartridge concept in which the faired mast, bearings
and hydraulic actuation are incorporated into a single unit, ameliorates
One o f the Universal Modular Masts i n place on board a 'Virginia' class
SSN, showing the optronic head (Kollmorgen) 0569769
5
The sensor head o f a Universal Modular Mast above the surface
(Kollmorgen) 0569770
alignment problems. The two-stage design allows for higher sensor
positioning and height adjustments at periscope depth.
The sensors and communication svstems in the mast include electro-
optic imaging, ANIBLQ-10 electronic shpport measures, radio and satellite
communications and radar, Integration is achieved via standard interface
modules. Calzoni has proposed its integrated mast module, using the UMM,
for the advanced submarine bridge fine being developed by the US Navy.
Operational status
In production for five US Navy's 'Virginia' class SSNs and t w o of the four
'Ohio' class SSGN conversions.
Specifications
Operating speed: 12 kt, with survival to 16 kt
Shock resistant: t o MIL-S-901
Mean time between failures: <20,000 hours, meets requirements of
M lL-A-23836
Contractor
Calzoni S.r.L.
Kollmorgen Electro-Optical.
Kollmorgen Model 86 optronic mast system
Type
Submarine mast
Description
Kollmorgen was awarded a contract worth US$3.5 million in 1988 by the
US Defense Advanced Research Agency (DARPA) to develop the Model 86
non-hull penetrating optronic mast to fulfil the non-penetrating periscope
(NPP) segment of DARPA's advanced submarine imagery system (ASIS)
programme.The mast was operationally tested aboard the USS Memphis
SSN.They system has since come into service with the Los Angeles class
SSNs, while on 14 February 2000, the Egyptian Government signed a
US$15 million contract with Kollmorgen for four systems t o be retrofitted
into the four lmproved Romeo class submarines. Deliveries commenced
in January 2001, with the last in January 2002.
The Model 86 includes a sensor unit, a hydraulically operated mast
~ h i c his streamlined, connecting by an external cable t o an electronic
nterface unit and a controlldisplay console internal t o the hull. Sensor
nformation can be processed and displayed in a dedicated operating
:onsole, or incorporated into the main combat consoles.
Features of the optronic mast include:
1 3-5 or 8-12 v m thermal imaging sensor;
I High-definition monochrome and colour CCDTV cameras for daylight,
low-light level and 'quick-look' viewing;
I Three-axis line of sight stabilisation to eliminate ship's motion and mast
vibrations;
ESM warning to detect radar threats;
Rotating sensor package (sealed statically) with quick response and low
power consumption;
Manual or automatic mast control with a 'quick-look' mode.
Operational status
In production with 51 units in service with the US Navy Los Angeles class
SSNs, and the lmproved Romeo class SSKs of the Egyptian Navy.
Specifications
Stabilisation: Z-axis135 milliradians RMS
Line-of-sight elevation:
TV: -10 to +74"
Thermal: -10 t o +45'
Fields-of-view
TV:
24 x 32" (WFOV)
9 x 12" (MFOV)
3 x 4" ( N FOV)
1.5 x 2" (monochrome)
6 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: OPTRONIC MASTS

SAGEM infra-red
non-penetrating mast
0505170

O~erationalstatus
In production for several export customers.

Contractor
SAGEM SA, Optronics and Airland Systems Division.

SAGEM Optoradar Mast (OMS)

TVP~
Submarine mast.

Description
SAGEM's Optoradar Mast (OMS) combines the capabilities of SAGEM's
optronic mast with the integration of a navigation radar. A single
mast for these dual functions reduces the possibility of detection. The
360 m m diameter head includes X-band navigation radar; a dual field-
of-view IRCCD thermal imaging system; a high-definition TV system
with t w o magnifications; and one-axis gyro-stabilised line-of-sight.
Masthead o f Model 86 optronic mast 008816 Azimuth stabilised surveillance can be presented on one of four range
scales from 4 t o 32 km. U p t o five targets can be tracked and automatic
Thermal:
9 x 12" (WFOV)
3 x 4" (MFOV)
1.5 x 2" (NFOV)
Monochrome camera: 1,035 x 1,940 pixels (950TV lines)
3-chip colour camera: 480 x 640 pixels
IR sensor: 8-12 p m FLlR or 3-5 v m FPA (256 x 256)
Additional optional configurations include: Mission critical camera,
RASIRAM, laser range-finder (to 9.1 km)

Contractor
Kollmorgen Electro-Optical.

SAGEM Infra-red Mast (IMS)

TVP~
Submarine mast.

Description
The Infra-red Mast (IMS) combines the caoabilities of SAGEM's non-hul
penetrating masts while including a single infra-red channel, which use!
SAGEM's IRIS 8 to 12 v m thermal camera.The reduced dimensions of t h ~
above-water component and of the radar cross-section area, achieve(
by careful design and by covering the exposed part of the per is cop^
(head) with Radar Absorbent Material (RAM), have both improve(
submarines' capacity for covert operation while providing a day and nigh
capability.
The main characteristics of IMS are a 210 m m diameter heac
which includes two-axis gyro-stabilised line-of-sight and a dua
field-of-view IRCCD thermal imaging system. An antenna modulc
is integrated on top of the head t o provide ESM warning and GPS
Passive range-finding is carried out on the controller's screen usin! The SAGEM OMS,
the stadiametric technique. As well as the direct view there arc optoradar mast for
panoramic surveillance and 'look around' modes of operation. Thc the new-generation
system is designed to be fitted on any type of non-hull penetratiy SSBN
hoisting device. 0505171
 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: OPTRONIC MASTS
target acquisition is provided. An antenna module is integrated on top
of the head t o provide ESM warning and GPS. Passive range-finding is
carried out on the controller's screen using the stadiametric technique.
As well as the direct view there are panoramic surveillance and 'look
around' modes of operation. The radar cross-section area has been
reduced by covering the head with Radar Absorbent Material (RAM).
The system is designed to be fitted on any type of non-hull penetrating
hoisting device.
Operational status
Operational onboard French SSBN 'LeTriomphant' class submarines
Contractor
SAGEM SA, Optronics and Airland Systems Division
SAGEM Search Mast System (SMS)
Type
Submarine mast.
Development
A prototype of SAGEM's Search Mast System (SMS) was trialled onboard
a French Navy 'Daphne' class submarine in 1992.The system has also been
trialled on the Swedish Navy Vastergotland in 1993, a Royal Norwegian
NavyType 207 SSK in 1994-95 and a South KoreanType 209 SSK in 1995.
Description
The optronic mast combines the advantages of SAGEM's search optronic
periscopes with the increased safety of non-penetrating masts. The
320 m m diameter head includes a high-definition TV system with four
fields-of-view/magnifications (x1.5, x3, x6 and x12) and a dual field-
of-view IRCCD thermal imaging system, SAGEM's IRIS, along with
two-axisgyro-stabilised lineofsight.An antenna module may be integrated
on top of the head t o provide ESM warning and GPS. Reduction of the
radar cross-section area has been achieved by covering the exposed part
of the mast (head) with Radar Absorbent Material (RAM).
As well as the direct view there are panoramic surveillance and
'look around' modes of operation. Passive range-finding is carried
system is designed to be fitted on any type of non-hull penetrating
hoisting device.
SAGEM Search Mast
System (SMS)
7
Operational status
In production for several export customers.
Contractor
SAGEM SA, Optronics and Airland Systems Division.
Thales Optronics CMOIO Optronic mast
Type
Submarine mast.
Description
All optronic masts in the CMOIO family are non-hull penetrating. They
offer a wide choice in sensor technology, including a thermal imager,
image intensification, high-definition monochrome television and colour
television sensors, aswell as support for high-sensitivity, broadband ESM,
communications and GPS sensors. Images captured bv the system are
complemented by advanced image manipulation and image &ocessing
capabilities which further enhance the operational advantages of the
system.
The optronic mast system is controlled and operated from a dedicated
remote-control console, equipped with a high-resolution monitor display,
allowing the command team t o gain a complete above-water picture.
Alternatively, the system can be controlled and operated from suitably
equipped multifunction consoles. Additionally, the common mast raising
equipment facilitates integration with other payloads such as dedicated
ESM, radar, satcom and communications packages. Stealth features
reduce acoustic, visual, radar and thermal signatures.
Programmable modes of operation include quick look round, continuous
view and snapshot. Real-time image processing is combined with target
analysis on livelrecorded images.
Operational status
In production. Will equip the Royal Navy Astute class SSNs now building,
and be acquired for the Royal Australian Navy's Collins class SSKs.
Contractor
Thales Optronics.
-he CMOIO sensor head unit 0055091
Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007
 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS
PERISCOPES
Carl Zeiss Optronics SERO 400 Navy (Type 214) and the Indian Navy (Type 209) in combination with the
OMS 100.
Type
Modular periscope system. Specifications
Magnification: x1.5, x6, x12
Description Fields-of-view: 36 x 28" (x1.5); 8 x 6.5" (x6); 4.2 x 3.4" (x12)
The standard configuration of the SERO 400 190.5mm periscope Periscope weight: 1,250 kg (approx)
features two-axis line-of-sight stabilisation, binocular viewing, selectable Periscope length: I 1 m (approx)
magnification of x1.5 and x6 and x12, highly efficient visual optical range- Tube diameter: 190.5 m m
finding system (stadimeter), remote-control capabilities from a combat Ocular box diameter: 610 m m
system console, and integration facilities for a wide variety of antennas Camera sensors (optional)
and/or a laser range-finder (option). The eyepiece data display provides High resolutionlV camera (colour/black and white): 752 x 582 pixels
a digital read-out of the true and relative bearing, line-of-sight elevation Low-light IevellV camera: 10-4 lux sensitivity (min)
angle, target height and range. Video output: ITU-R BT 470-6 BIG
The prism has an elevation range of -15 to +75" (restricted to +60° if High resolution digital still camera: >2.5 Megapixels
an antenna and/or laser is fitted). There is a wide field-of-view at x1.5 Eye-safe laser range-finder
magnification (36" azimuth, 28" elevation) decreasing correspondingly at Wavelength: 1,543 n m
higher magnifications (8" azimuth, 6.5" elevation at x6, and 4.2" azimuth, Range: 400 t o 210,000 yds
3.4" elevation at x12). Line-of-sight
The installation of SERO 400 into hoisting devices with streamlined Stabilisation: 2-axis (azimuth and elevation)
fairing is the preferred option. The following options are currently Elevation range: -15 to +60° (+75" optional)
available: Azimuth range: n x 360"
Colour TV; Environmental conditions
Low-light level CCDTV camera; Operational temperature: -35 to +60°C (outboard equipment)
Radar early warning antenna; 0 t o +55"C (on board equipment)
Navigation (GPS) and communication (UHFNHF) antenna; Storage temperature: -40 to +70°C
Digital still camera;
Eye-safe laser range-finder (Raman-shifted Nd:YAG laser); Contractor
RAM coating. Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH.

Operational status
currently in series production for new submarines of the South African
Navy (Type 209 mod), the Hellenic Navy (Type 214), the South Korean
Denel Optronics submarine periscope upgrades
Type
Submarine periscope (upgrades).

Description
Denel Optronics (formerly Eloptro) is engaged in the upgrade of search
and attack periscopes including Daphne and U209 class submarines.
Upgrading of both Search and Attack Periscopes typically covers the
following:
lrnprovement of existing optical characteristics, particularly field
curvature, chromatic aberration and transmittance by redesigning the
optical layout and by using modern optical design software, modern
glass materials and thin film technology.
lrnprovement in the transmittance of the periscope which is achieved
by using state-of-the-art anti-reflection coating and using a minimum
number of components necessary for each subsystem. This results
in the approximate doubling of the transmittance of the periscope
system.The attack periscope's exit pupil diameter is typically increased
from 4 to 5 mm, thus increasing the luminous flux transmitted by
56 per cent.
A Passive Range-Finder (PRF), based on the split image principle, is
integrated into the periscopes.The accuracy exceeds that of the active
sonar range-finder of the submarine.
Binocular eyepieces, with a capability to switch to monocular vision.
A television (TV) capability consisting of DayTV (DPI) and Nightvision
TV (NTV). The direct view optics and the TV are mutually inclusive,
which means that the visual image seen through the eyepiece can be
displayed simultaneously on a TV monitor. For both the DPI and the
TV, the image is displayed on aTV monitor situated elsewhere in the
system, as well as on a video display unit situated on the ocular box of
the periscope. In addition, remote periscope control at a multifunction
console (providing 'penetrant' optronic periscope capability) can be
fined.
Recording of theTV images by means of a digital video recorder.
The Night Vision TV (NTV) is achieved by means of an IIT and CCD
camera low-light level television.
PRF capability for t h e w , achieved electronically.
Attachment of a 35 m m still camera t o the eyepiece, with improved
resolution due to a reduction in field curvature and axial chromatic
aberration. In addition, Eloptro also has the technical capability to
redesign periscopes t o include laser range-finding capabilities.
Improvement t o reliability aspects of the periscopes includes the
following:
Minimising the number of moving assembles and subassemblies inside
the periscope tube.
Accommodating t w o image intensifier tubes inside the periscope tube
Head o f the SERO 400 for redundancy.
(Carl Zeiss Optronics) The image intensifier tube assembly is situated outside the path of the
1036697 direct view optics should a failure occur.

iens ianes c n m .lane's Flectrn-Ontic Svstems 3006-7007

10 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: PERISCOPES

Should the passive range-finder's electronics fail, mechanical backul

returns the image split to the zero position t o provide unobstructe~
direct vision.
Electronics interchangeability between periscopes.

Operational status
Available.

Contractor
Denel Optronics, a division of Denel (Pty) Ltd.

Elektropribor PARUS-98E attack periscope

TVP~
Submarine periscope.

Description
Part of the Unified Periscope System, the PARUS-98E attack periscop
comprises a faired mast with gyro-stabilised line-of-sight and hydrauli
hoisting, ensuring periscope operation under submarine speeds up t~
10 kt; a controller with video viewer and recorder for the panoramic sigh1
plus the power supply.
Features of the periscope include a visual optical channel with variabl
magnification (x1.5, x12) and low-light level TV channel with a 10 x 7.5
field-of-view, plus ESM Warner.

Operational status
In production. In service on unspecified Russian Navy submarines.
Model 76 periscope
Contractor 0518550
Elektropribor (Russia)
and training handles. In addition t o the mast unit there is a hoisting yoke,
a control unit and a junction box unit.
The display and control unit includes a control panel, system focus,
mode select, stadiameter control and microphone. The attack periscope
includes a broadband antenna and crystal video receiver ESM system,
together with a display and control panel on the control unit.
The basic periscope systems are: stabilised line of sight; integral torque
drive motor with auto-torque assist; x1.5, x6 and x12 magnification;
mechanical bearing dials; eyepiece data display - range, relative, true
and elevation; binocular viewing eyepiece; heated head window; digital
interfaces; photocamera - 3 5 mm; optical stadiameter; high-optical
light transmission; fail-safe elevation stabilisation line of sight; image
intensification (night vision); LLLTV camera or CCDcamera- integral; ESM
early warning; remote-control operator console; laser range-finder -attack
(optional); RAM (optional); videotape recorder; infra-red capability - 3 t o
5 p m (optional).

Operational status
In ~roduction.The Model 76 is fitted in a number of countrv's SSKs
inciuding~rgentina(TR1700), Brazil (T-209/1400), Denmark ( ~ a c k e n )Egypt
,
(Improved Romeo), India (T-20911500), Israel (Dolphin), Italy (Improved
Sauro), Netherlands (Walrus), Sweden (Gotland) andTurkey (T-20911400).

Specifications
Diameter: 190.42 m m
Elevation
Attack: -10 to +74" (+90° detection)
Search: -10 t o +60° (+76" detection)
Magnification: x1.5, x6, x12
Field-of-view: 4", 8", 32" (attack and search)
Thermal imaging option
Spectral band: 3-5 p m
Staring detector array: 256 x 256
Closed cycle detector cooling
Fields-of-view
Wide: 9 x 9"
The main elements o f the Parus-98E attack periscope - the ocular bc Narrow: 3 x 3"
(left) and the mast sensor head (right) (Elektropribor) 104142 Elevation: -10 t o +45" LOS (+60° with degradation)
Eyepiece and remote monitor display(s1

Contractor
Kollmorgen Electro-Optical.
Kollmorgen Model 76 attack and search
periscope systems
TVP~ Kollmorgen Model 90 optronic periscope system
Submarine periscope.
TVP~
Description Submarine periscope.
The Kollmorgen Model 76 is a modular periscope system wit
common components for the attack and search versions. The bas1 Description
difference is that the attack periscopes have smaller heads, while th The Model 90 optronic periscope system completed sea trials in 1992 with
search periscopes' larger heads act as multipurpose reconnaissanc delivery of production systems beginning in 1995. It has been developed
platforms. t o allow the operator t o search the sea surface during day and night
The system consists of a mast unit with an optical train, a display an utilising a thermal imaging subsystem and, at the same time, t o supply
control unit including a split-beam binocular eyepiece, a 35 m m camer a direct viewing visual channel.

Jane's Electro-Ootic Svstems 2006-2007

 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: PERISCOPES 11

The periscope system combines a wide range of sensors in one

periscope: a thermal imaging camera, monochrome CCD TV camera,
35 m m photographic camera, laser range-finder as well as passiveTV and
visual stadiameter, ornni-radar early warning antenna, a radar direction-
finding antenna and GPS. The periscope provides high performance
by utilising accurate line of sight stabilisation t o compensate for
induced vibrations and platform motion t o the visual and thermal lines
of sight. Additionally, in combination with this function, the operator
is provided with a periscope rotation and line of sight elevation rate
control which allows fast direction and target tracking. The operator
has a direct view of the scene in addition to a video display and
eyepiece data display of target range, target bearing and line of sight
elevation angle.
A remote-control station is supplied as part of the Model 90 optronic
periscope system, i n addition to a complete control datalink to the
submarine fire-control system.

Operational status
In production.The mast is operational and in service with an undisclosed
country.

Specifications
Periscope tube diameter: 190.42 m m
Stabilisation: 2-axis135 milliradians RMS
Line-of-sight elevation
Visual andTV: -10 t o +74"
Thermal imaging: -10 to +55"
Azimuth: 360" (electric drive)
Fields-of-view:
Visual: 2.5, 4, 8 and 32"
Infra-red: 4.4, 10"
Magnification: x1.5, x6, x18
Bandwidths: 3-5 p m (MWIR) or 8-12 p m (LWIR)

Contractor
Kollmorgen Electro-Optical.

Model 90 optronic masthead unit 051855

LOMO PIC Classical (or Standard) periscope
Type
Submarine periscope.

Development
LOMO plc of Russia have been developing the Classical (or Standard)
periscope for the Kilo and Arnur classes of submarine.This equipment is
also intended for export.

Description
The full Classical periscope system includes features to enable surface
observation, daylnight target acquisition and classification, range and
bearing measurement,celestial sighttaking, satellite navigation, preliminary
acquisition of radio signals and video recording. For observation there is
an optical visual channel, a TV day and low-light channel and a thermal
imaging channel. The periscopes feature a wide range of information
channels which are provided according to customer requirements.
The two-axis stabilised systems feature optically matched channels and are
fully autonomous in operation. Laser range-finders are fitted as standard.

Operational status
No longer in production. In service with most Russian submarines, Kilo
class exports and also installed in Lada class submarines.

Specifications
Periscope tube diameter: 180 or 260 mrn (dependent on mast head type)
Entrance pupil t o eyepiece distance: 7-12 m
Azimuth aiming range: f210°
Azimuth angle measurement error: 2-10 min
Celestial reference elevation error: 2-3 min
Max traverse rate: 2Oo1s
Weight: <2,000 kg
Visual channel
Magnification: x2 (option x4) and x8
Fields-of-view: 40" (option 20") and 10"
Elevation aiming range: -10 to +60°
TV day and low-light channel
Field-of-view: 18"
Elevation aiming range: -10 t o +30°
Thermal imager channel
Field-of-view: 10"
Laser range-finder
Wavelength: 1.54 urn (eyesafe) or 1.06 p m (optional)
Measurement range: 60 m t o 18.5 km
Accuracy: 5-10 m
Antenna module reception: GPS, Glonass and radio

Contractor
Model 90 electro-optic mast eyepiece unit LOMO PLC.

jeos.janes.com Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007

12 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: PERISCOPES

LOMO plc non-retractable periscope

TYpe
Submarine periscope.

Description
This single-tube periscope has a tube diameter of 260mm and is
designed for installation in small displacement (midget) submarines.
The optional capabilities of the LOMO non-retractable periscope system
include surface observation, day and night target acquisition and
classification, range and bearing measurement, eye-safe laser
range-finding, celestial sight taking, satellite navigation, preliminary
acquisition of radio signals and video recording. The periscope
features a wide range of information channels which are
provided according to customer requirements. The two-axis
stabilised system features optically matched channels and is fully
autonomous in operation. The basic system is a single tube optical
periscope. A twin tube system is optional. Two-axis stabilisation is
provided.

Operational status
No longer in production, but reportedly still in service.

Specifications
Periscope tube diameter: 260 m m
Azimuth aiming range: ?210°
Azimuth angle measurement error: 2-10 min
Celestial reference elevation error: 2-3 min
Max traverse rate: 2O0/s
Two-axis stabilisation error: 30 s
Weight: 3,000-4,000 kg
Visual channel
Magnification: x2 (option x4) and x8
Fields-of-view: 40" (option 20") and 10"
Elevation aiming range: -10 to +60°

Contractor
LOMO PLC.

Head of the SAGEM

Raytheon NESSIE Gen 2 program APS attack periscope
0002019
Type
Submarine periscope sensor.

Development
In April 1996, the Hughes Aircraft Company, since acquired by the
Raytheon Systems Company, was awarded a US$7.9 million US Navy
development contract for an advanced electro-optical system for
submarines. The engineering and manufacturing development contract
for the programme, NESSIE (Naval Electronics Surveillance System
for Infra-red Exploitation) Gen 2, was awarded by the Naval Undersea
Warfare Center, New London, Connecticut.The NESSIE upgrade module
is intended t o sit on theType 22 search periscope fitted as standard to
Los Angeles class submarines.

Description
The optronic system provides a 3-5 p m thermal imager, low-light
TV and EHF communications plus daylight optics, and incorporates a
Gen 3 infra-red sensor and a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) low-light
level television.The system is housed in a modified periscope furnished
by the government. Kollmorgen Corp, as the major subcontractor t o
Raytheon, will be responsible for the periscope and submarine related
activities, including system integration and testing.The infra-red sensor
features a mid-wavelength staring focal planar-array. The manufacturer
claims that this Gen 3 technology has demonstrated unprecedented
image quality and range performance. The reflective optics enable Ocular box of the SAGEM APS attack periscope 0002020
the system simultaneously t o image both the visible and infra-red
spectral regions. degrading the periscope's attack-phase performance. The radar
cross-section area has been minimised by careful design and by
Operational status covering the exposed part of the periscope (head) with Radar
Under development. Absorbent Material (RAM).
The 140 m m head includes single-axis stabilised line-of-sight;
Contractor a single optical channel with four fields-of-view (x1.5, x3, x6, and x12);
Raytheon Company, (El Segundo). Low-LightTV channel (LLTV); and an ocular box with a colourTV camera.
A Gen 3 IR camera may be integrated in place of the LLTV.
An antenna module may be integrated on top of the head to
provide ESM warning and GPS. The periscope can be remotely
controlled from a multifunction common console.
SAGEM attack periscope (APS)
Operational status
TYpe Developed for French submarines and for foreign navies.
Submarine periscope.
Specifications
Description Optical fields-of-view: 30, 15, 7.5 and 3.75"
SAGEM has incorporated several improvements into its attack
periscope. The head size has been reduced to a minimum because Contractor
of a requirement for maximum discretion, without significantly SAGEM SA, Optronics and Airland Systems Division

Jane's Electro-Ootic Svsterns 2006-2007

 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: PERISCOPES
SAGEM search periscope (SPS)
TVP~
I Submarine periscope.
Description
The SAGEM search periscope (SPS) is the latest version of the PlVAlR
family (incorporating a high-accuracy sextant mode). It is operational on
board 'LeTriomphantr, the French Navy's newest class of SSBN. Various
electro-optic sensors (high-definition TV and thermal imaging systems)
are integrated in the periscope, permitting day and night vision and
better detectionlidentification capability in all weathers. There is dual-
axis stabilisation of the LoS for all channels, direct optical and infra-red,
improving image quality. Rapid search is available through the use of the
infra-red panoramic surveillance mode, scanning the horizon over 360".
and an automatic 'look around' mode which minimises above water
exposure time. An antenna module is integrated into the top of the
periscope head for communications, ESM warning and GPS. The radar
cross-section area has been reduced by covering the exposed part of the
periscope (head and upper fairing) with Radar Absorbent Material (RAM).
The new fairing design has also reduced wake and head vibration through
vortex shedding.
Operational status
Operational onboard all French nuclear submarines, attack and ballistic-
missile-armed.
Contractor
SAGEM SA, Optronics and Airland Systems Division.
SAGEM SPS search periscope
SAGEM ST 5 periscopes
TVP~
Attack periscope.
Description
SAGEM produces advanced attack and surveillance periscopes.
The ST 5 attack periscope head is stabilised by a rate gyroscope with
an image intensified TV microcamera for night vision. The design is so
compact that it is fitted in the tiny ST 5 periscope head, which itself has
been specially shaped and covered by Radiation Absorbent Material
(RAM) to reduce its radar cross-section. It uses a fixed eyepiece with
13
SAGEM ST 5 attack periscope 0505274
magnifications of x1.5, x6 and x12 giving fields-of-view of 36" and 7" over
an elevation arc of -10 to +30°.
Operational status
The ST 5 periscopes are in service on board the French Navy SSNs and
the 'Agosta' class SSKs in service with Malaysia, Pakistan and Spain.
Contractor
SAGEM SA, Optronics and Airland Systems Division.
Thales Optronics CK038 search periscope
TYpe
Submarine periscope.
Development
The CK038 entered service with the Royal Swedish Navy (RSwN) in the
late 1980s, on board three Gotland class submarines and t w o upgraded
Vastergotland class boats. Under an £8 million (US$15 million) contract
awarded by the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration in November
2001, they have been modified through the addition of a thermal imager,
a new-generation image intensifier, a colour TV camera, a digital still
camera and a GPS antenna.The new sensors have been integrated within
. . which has a 190 m m diameter
the limited space envelope of the periscope.
main tube and a low-prdfile top stern.
In March 2005, it was announced that acceptance and delivery of the
.-
first upclraded CK038 ~ e r i s c o ~svstem
e for the RSwN submarines had
been completed. It is n o w unbergbing installation and testing on board
the Gotland, with all four remaining systems scheduled for delivery
in 2005.
Description
The CK038 is a fully electronic search periscope intended for SSK
submarines in the 600 t o 1,800 ton range. The CK038 is optimised
for low susceptibility t o visual counter-detection and has an optical
system designed for maximum light gathering t o accommodate
watch-keeping, night viewing and use in poor visibility. For use as
a stand-alone system or as part of an optronic mast and periscope
visual system, the CK038 is fitted with an image intensifier and a
low-light level TV camera. Other standard features include a weapons
system interface, 35 m m camera, heated top window, BITE system,
stabilisation, stadiametric range-finding and power drive azimuth
rotation. Data and images from the CK038 can be relayed t o the CMOlO
advanced optronics mast. Optional features include GPS and ESM
sensors.
14 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: PERISCOPES

1 Thales Optronics CK043, CH093

Type
Submarine periscope

Description
The CK043 search and CH093 attack periscopes are suitable for submarines
of 1,800 tons and greater. Both periscopes have four fields of view.
In addition t o the optical path, CK043 has thermal imaging and low-light
television sensors, while CH093 has image intensification and low-light
television sensors. These can be viewed directly or at a multifunction,
remote-control and viewing console. Key tactical data can be viewed either

The CK038 electro-optic periscope ocular box 001085

CK043 search periscope head 0010857

The CK038 search periscope head 001085

Operational status
CK038 is in service with Sweden's Gotland and Vastergotland class SSK!

Specifications
Tube diameter: 190 m m
Mechanical length: 10,990 m m
Optical length: 10,400 m m
Weight: 800 kg
Magnification: x1.5, x6 (with x3, x12 electronic optional)
Elevation (line of sight): -10 to +60°
Elevation (edge of field): -26 to +76"

Contractor
Thales Optronics. The CK043/CH093 optronic periscope ocular b o x 0505174

..--- .----
. ---
 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: PERISCOPES 15

Compact periscope ocular box (with bracket for 35 m m camera) 0010859

CH093 attack periscope head 001085

on the consoles or by eyepiece injection. Other key operational feature

include line of sight stabilisation, optical and electro-optic range-findin<
position fixing (sextant), still photography, internal communication
(intercom) and support for a comprehensive ESM sensor suite.Throug
full integration with the submarine command and control system th
periscope performs a primary role in the detection and identification c
surface vessels and aircraft, intelligence gathering and weapon syster
support.

Operational status
In service on the Royal Australian Navy 'Collins' class SSKs.

Specifications
Tube diameter: 254 m m
Length: 14,300 m m
Weight: 1,500-1,900 kg
Magnification: x1.5, x3, x6, x12
Elevation: -1 5 to +60°

Contractor
Thales Optronics.

Thales Optronics compact periscopes

Type
Submarine periscope The compact periscope mast head 0010860

Description (MG-I10 midget submarines), South Korea (Tolgorae and Dolphin midget
Thales (formerly Pilkington) Optronics' compact periscopes are a famil submarines) andYugoslavia (Una class midget submarines).
of periscopes tailored for small submarines between 50 and 400 ton!
These instruments offer a range of standard features including imag Specifications
intensification, stabilisation, stadiametric range-finding, elevation of linec Tube diameter: 127 m m
sight (-15 to +60°), still photography, heated window and weapon syster Length: 3,500-5,400 m m
interface. Optional features include aTV camera, ESM, communication Weight: 150-250 kg
sensor and GPS sensors. Magnification: x1.5, x6
Elevation: -15 to +60°
Operational status
The compact periscopes are in service with Colombia (Cosmos M G 120lEl Contractor
midget submarines), Croatia (Una class midget submarines), Pakista Thales Optronics