REPUBLIC OF BENIN

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UNIVERSITY OF ABOMEY-CALAVI
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Faculty of Science and (FAST)
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Department of Physics Chimistry

THEME : SOLAR ENERGY

Member of Goup
1-KOUKPOLIYI Ayoola Fasuce
2-NOUMONVI Alphonse
3-OUSSOU Renaud
4-SOMADJE Luc
5-SAOU Bio-Bèssou
6-TEDJI Bessanh Martin Apé-Leté
7-YANE B. Julien TEACHER
8-ZIME Hasbir MAJESTY KAMA

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 PLAN

I- INTRODUCTON

II- DEFINITION OF SOLAR ENERGY

II-1- Active solar energy

II-2-Passive solar energy

III- THE SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCED

IV- THE SOLAR ENERGY IMPORTANT

V- THE DISADVANTAGE OF SOLAR ENERGY

VI- CONCLUSION

I- INTRODUCTION

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The world arranges many natural resources that are the sun which is primary
source of solar energy.
What is the solar energy?
How is solar energy produced ?
Why is solar energy important and his disadvantages ?

II- DEFINITION OF SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy is defined as energy obtained from the sun’s radiation. The two
main form of solar energy include active solar energy and passive solar energy.

II-1 Passive solar energy

Passive solar energy doesn’t any specifies action or equipment. An example of
passive solar energy is strategically placing windows in a home to allow
sunlight to enter and provide heat.

II- 2- Active solar energy

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 Active solar energy involves equipment or action to convert solar energy into a
usueful form. On example of active solar energy is the use of solar cell to
convert energy form the sun into electrical energy that can be used in the
home.

III- THE SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCED

The primary type of solar power is made by capturing energy form sunlight.
Photovoltaic solar energy is the most common type and is produced when
photon contained in sunlight hit a silicon solar panel. The other type of solar
energy is called solar thermal, which is made by using he heat water.

IV- THE SOLAR ENERGY IMPORTANT

Solar thermal energy can be used to provide hot water is a number of solar
thermal power plants around the world. Solar thermal power plants use an
array of mirrors to concentrate the heat of the sun on a container of fluid.
When the fluid boils, it releases steam generator like those found in coal

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 power plants. Although many people use Photovoltaic solar panel to generate
energy for their homes, they can also be used to create large scale power
plants as well. However, photovoltaic solar plants require much more space
than concentrated solar thermal plants, which can generate more energy in a
much smaller area.

SOLAR FLAT PANEL

ONE EXAMPLE OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SOLAR ENERGY

V- SOLAR ENERGY DISADVANTAGES

1. Cost
The initial cost of purchasing a solar system is fairly high. Although the
government has introduced some schemes for encouraging the adoption of
renewable energy sources, for example, the feed in tariff, you still have to
cover the upfront costs. This includes paying for solar panels, inverter,
batteries,wiring and for the installation. Nevertheless, solar technologies are
constantly developing, so it is safe to assume that prices will go down in the
future.

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2- Although solar energy can still be collected during cloudy and rainy days, the
efficiency of the solar system drops. Solar panels are dependent on sunlight to
effectively gather solar energy. Therefore, à few cloudy, rainy days can have a
noticeable effect on the energy system. You should also take into account that
solar energy cannot be collected during the night.

3- Solar energy storage is expensive solar energy has to be used right away, or
it can be stored in large batteries. These batteries, used in off-the-grid solar
systems, can be charged during the day so that energy is used at night. This is a
good solution for using solar energy all day long but it is also quite expensive. In
most cases, it is smarter to just use solar energy during the day and take energy
from the grid during the night (You can only do this if your system is connected
to the grid). Luckily our energy demand is usually higher during the day so we
can meet most of it with solar energy.

4-Low maintenance costs

Solar energy systems generally don’t require a lot of maintenance. You only
need to keep them relatively clean, so cleaning them a couple of times Per year
will do the job. Most reliable solar panel manufacturers give 20-25 years
warranty. Also, as there are no moving parts, there is no wear and tear. The
inverter is usually the only part that needs to changed after 5-10 years because
it is continuously working to convert solar energy into electricity (solar PV) and
heat (solar thermal). So, after coverting the initial cost of the solar system, You
can expect very little spending on maintenance and repair work.

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5- Associated with pollution
Although pollution related to solar energy systems is far less compared to other
sources of energy, solar energy can be associated with pollution.
Transportatoin and installation of solar systems have been associated with the
emission of green house gases. There are also some toxic materials and
hazardous products used during the manufacturing process of solar
Photovoltaics, which can indirectly affect the environment. Nevertheless, solar
energy pollutes far lest than the other alternative energy sources.

VI- Conclusion
In nutshell, the solar energy is very important for all persons, animals, plants
and other species. This energy is used by vegetal plants for synthesis organic
substance and the humans obtained the electricity though sun cell. Although
the solar cell material cost is high.

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