TRANSCRIBING NUMBERS

Transcribing Numbers
 use of numbers in a sentence.

 When talking about the subject of transcribing, many people automatically think of a piece of
text. These services are widely used for transcribing text, they are also relied on for transcribing
numbers.

Examples
 T20

 G8

 i10

GUIDELINES FOR TRANSCRIBING NUMBERS

 Writing & numerals

 It should be remembered that numbers zero to nine must be written out.

 For example, zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight and nine. When the numbers
reach double figures, they should be written as numerals. For example, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20,
50, 100, and so on.

Example
 “Susie would like to have three bananas in her lunchbox, but her mother has to feed 10 children
and she will only be able to give her one banana”.
USE OF COMMAS IN ARABIC NUMBERS

 Arabic numbers
 “Arabic numbers are widely used in transcription to denote Ages, Units of measure, Lab values
and dimensions.”

 Example
 70-year old man was seen today.

 Hemoglobin was 14.4.

 USE OF COMMAS IN ARABIC NUMBERS

 When a whole numbers has 5 or more digits, a comma should be used to separate a group of 3
numerals, starting from the end of the number.

 Example
 White blood cell count was 45,700.

 There are 290,000 books in a library.

 Roman numbers
 Used to a lesser extent in transcription.
 Usually in staging of disease, syndromes or the most common statements.

 Examples
 Cranial nerves II through XII are normal.

 Stage I disease.

 Description
 “An abbreviation is a shortened version of a word or phase”

 So Abbreviations are those words or sentences usually used to save time.

 ABBREVIATIONS
 --are shortened forms of words or phrase
 We abbreviate words or phrases to
 save time, effort or space.
 An abbreviation (from Latin brevis, meaning short) is a shortened form of a word or phrase
used to represent a longer, often-used word or phrase. They save horizontal text space; it's as
simple as that.

 Rule #1:
 When introducing an abbreviation for the first time,place it in parentheses after the spelled–
outnterm. Thereafter, the abbreviation may be used alone
 Example of Rule #1:
 The California State University, Chico (CSUC) graduation ceremony will be held this Saturday.
CSUC will graduate 2,700 students this year.

Rule #2:
 Abbreviate the names of familiar institutions, countries, tests, diseases, diplomas, individuals,
and objects or terms
 Examples of Rule #2:
 USA,PC,ATM, TV

Rule #3:
 Abbreviate courtesy titles and personal titles. Abbreviate academic and professional titles only
when they follow a name or when they are used with the full name or initials and the last name.
Use a comma or dot before and after an abbreviation in a sentence, except with the
abbreviations Jr. and Sr.
 Examples of Rule #3:
 She went to Dr. Smith yesterday.
 She went to the doctor yesterday
 Dr. Laura Thomas,
 Prof. J.R. Soliz

Rule #4:
 Use the abbreviations BC and AD, without periods,to indicate dates. BC always follows the year,
but AD may follow or precede the year.
 400 BC
 400 AD

 Rule #5:
 Abbreviate months and days of the week only when they are part of a full date or in a chart
where space is limited
 Examples of Rule #5:
 Dec. 16, 1963

Rule #6:
 Use abbreviations for clock time. Use capital letters and periods, capital letters and no periods,
or lowercase letters and periods. Just be consistent DO NOT abbreviate clock time when no
number is attached to the abbreviation.
 Examples of Rule #6:
 7:30 AM
 The meeting is at 7:30 am

Rule #7:
 Use abbreviations, without periods, for time zones.
 Examples of Rule #7:
 EST – Eastern Standard Time zones
 MST – Mountain Standard Time zones
 PDT – Pacific Daylight Time zone

Rule #8:
 Measurements should be spelled out, not abbreviated, except in tables and charts.
 Examples of Rule #8:
 Correct: miles per hour
 Incorrect: mph

Rule #9:
 The word number may be abbreviated when it is followed by a figure; otherwise, spell it out.
 Examples of Rule #9:
 No. 65
 The number I want is 65.

RULE #10:
 Do not abbreviate words to save time and space in formal writing.
 Examples:
 Mon. Monday
 bros. brothers
 thru through
 Oct October

Rule #11
 Generally, rules for capitalizing abbreviations follow the rules for capitalizing the original words.
Proper nouns are capitalized in abbreviations; common nouns are not.
 Examples of Rule #11:
 National Association for the Advancement of
 Colored (NAACP)

Capitalization and punctuation

 The punctuation marks – comma , hyphen , colon , and period – are used the way they would be
used in a paragraph. Rules for capitalization are also followed. The first word in every sentence
is capitalized, and so is the pronoun I .Traditionally, In poetry, the first word of each line of the
poem is also capitalized.

Capitalization
 Like most other conventions of language, capital letters help make writing easier to read. They
call attention to certain special words and indicate the beginnings of sentences.

Rules
 1-First word in a sentence
 You are my very best friend in the world.
 2-Pronoun I
 Valorie and I are going to the movies tonight.
 3-Names of people and titles
 The next ones to go are Dr. Mann and Mr. R. Day.
 4-Opening of a letter
 Dear Louis Garcia, Dear Mom and Dad.
 5-First word in the closing of a letter
 Your friend, Sincerely, Yours truly,
 6-Title of a work
 New York Times Where the Red Fern Grow

For abbreviation and acronym

 Although the abbreviation or acronym may be all capitalized, the term it stands for often is
not.Capitalize only proper nouns when defining an abbreviations or acronym.

Examples
 Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Development Authority (MMRDA)
 Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS)
 Gallium arsenide (GaAs)
 In an abbreviation of a term that includes proper nouns with prepositions, do not use lower case
for the prepositions

Examples
 Cost of ownership (COO) model
 Department of Defense (DOD) contract

Chemical Abbreviations
 Use formulas freely in tables and graphics. In text, spell out the name at its first reference,
followed alone may be used subsequently
 Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
 Bcron trichloride (BCL3)
 To avoid ambiguity, it is preferable to spell out the word tungsten. However, if the word is used
heavily with in the space document, use of the symbol W saves time and space, and alleviates
repetition. Isotopes may be written as carbon-14 or 14C.
 When written out, names of chemical elements and compound are written in lower case letters.
The chemical symbols are capitalized as they appear in the periodic table of elements.

Punctuation
 Punctuation allows the authors writing to be easy to read and understandable for the reader.

For abbreviation / acronym

 Most abbreviations do not end with a period. Exceptions include abbreviations that may be
confused with a word, are personal titles, or traditionally end with periods. Check punctuation in
the SEMATECH Official Dictionary, The Chicago Manual of Style, or another REFERENCE WORK,
 1:In Ph .D
 2:U.S.
 When an abbreviation that normally ends with a period appears at the end of a sentence, do not
add a second period.
 “….in the U.S. Further analysis indicate…”
 Set off i.e., e.g., and etc., as you would the full phrases they abbreviate.
 Both i.e. and e.g. should be immediately followed by commas.
 The type of punctuation that precedes them depends on sentence structure and context.
 “…level of automation, wafer size, and fab design capacity (i.e., wafer starts per day).”
 Always precede etc. with a comma. When it appears in the middle of a sentence, follow etc.
with a comma as well. A last minute check should confirm that all references to other sections,
figures, etc., remain correct.

State Names
 Spell out the state name when used alone. When used with a city name, use the two-letter
postal abbreviation. Three unviersities in MH participate…..workshop held in MH, Mumbai,
Octover 19-20.
 Common Technical and Non Technical abbreviations used:
How to Abbreviate
 When abbreviating the state names, don’t make the mistake of using the postal code
abbreviations.

Abbreviations used in formal letters

 Abbreviations used in office :

 Admin……………………………administration
 CEO………………………………..chief executive office
 AGM……………………………….Annual General Meeting

 Finance and Banking:

 B/P……………………………….. Bills payable
 Foc…………………………………free of charge

 Computer abbreviations
 OS……………………………………Operating system
 CPU…………………………………..Central Processing Unit