VAPOR CYCLE

o Sadi Carnot developed the Carnot Cycle

o Sadi Carnot is often described as the “father of thermodynamics”
o The Mollier Diagram is an enthalpy vs entropy chart
o A Boiler is a closed vessel in which a fluid is heated
o A Heat Balance is an accounting of all energy units.
o The most-used principle in heat balancing is the First Law of Thermodynamics
o liquid in the boiler
o Heaters are located near the turbine to have little pressure drop to the heater
o The prime mover of the regenerative cycle plant is a Steam Turbine
o Surge Tank absorbs the irregularities of cycle flow
o Regenerative Heater resembles a small surface condenser
o Pressure Loss is due to pipe friction and throttling at the extraction nozzle
o Distilled Water is used for feed water make-up
o Mercury as a vapor cycle has low specific enthalpy
o Evaporators use extracted steam for vaporizing raw water
o reasons
o A balanced heat and power supply are generally economical
o A vapor cycle involves, in addition, all changes in the vapor state
o Cogeneration is the production of more than one useful form of energy from the same
energy source.
o In a turbine, moisture in expanding steam is undesirable
o It is assumed that reheating begins at the saturation line.
o Live steam reheater was once used in earlier reheat cycles
o Mercury as a vapor cycle has moderate vapor pressure at higher temperature
o Modernizing existing equipment increases capacity of an existing plant
o Mercury can seep through joints or cracks that would be impervious to water of steam
o In a closed rankine vapor cycle, the condenser reduce the exhaust steam to liquid
o Enthalpy is the sum of internal energy and flow work
o Economizer is using the extracted steam to preheat the feed water
o Feed Water Heater designed to preheat boiler feed water of condensing steam
extracted from steam turbine
o Isobaric Process is a process in which the pressure stays constant
o Entropy is a measure of molecular disorder or molecular randomness