Semester 1, 2014-2015

Kristal-Mineral
GS1126 - 2 SKS teori
by:
Dr. hil. gendoet hartono
The 7 Crystal Systems
Crystal Systems (cont.)
Sistem Heksagonal
• Terdiri dari 4 buah
sumbu kristal
• Sumbu c tegak lurus dgn
sumbu yg lain
a1, a2, a3  c
• a1 a2, a2  a3, a1 a3 =
120°

5
Cara menggambar:
Ð a+ / b¯ = 170
Ð b+ / d¯ = 390
b:d:c:=3:1:6
 Mineral Identification Basics
• HEXAGONAL CRYSTALS
c

a3
a2

a1

HEXAGONAL - Three horizontal

axes meeting at angles of 120o and
one perpendicular axis.
HEXAGONAL Crystal
Axes
 Mineral Identification Basics
• HEXAGONAL CRYSTALS

HEXAGONAL
This model represents a hexagonal
PRISM (the outside hexagon - six sided
shape). The top and bottom faces are
called PINACOIDS and are
perpendicular to the vertical “c” axis.
Within this model is the
SCALENOHEDRAL form. Each face is a
scalenohedron. Calcite often
crystallizes with this form.

HEXAGONAL Crystal
Model
Mineral Identification Basics
• HEXAGONAL CRYSTALS

These hexagonal
CALCITE crystals
nicely show the six
sided prisms as
well as the basal
pinacoid.
 Mineral Identification Basics
• HEXAGONAL CRYSTALS
Pyramid
Faces Pyramid
Prism Face
Faces

Prism
Faces

Dolomite
Rhodochrosite
RHOMBOHEDRON
SCALENOHEDRON
Vanadinite
Hanksite
Quartz
Sistem Trigonal
Beberapa ahli
memasukkan sistem ini ke
dalam sistem heksagonal.
Demikian pula cara
penggambarannya juga
sama. Perbedaannya bila
pada trigonal setelah
terbentuk bidang dasar,
yang berbentuk segienam
kemudian dibuat segitiga
dengan menghubungkan
dua titik sudut yang
melewati satu titik
sudutnya.
Cara menggambar:
Sama dengan sistem
Hexagonal,
perbedaannya
hanya pada Sb c
bernilai 3.
Penarikan Sb a sama
dengan pada
Sistem Hexagonal.
Mineral Identification Basics
• TRIGONAL CRYSTALS

Tourmaline Quartz

Dolomite
Sistem Ortorombik

• Mempunyai sumbu
kristal yang tegak lurus
satu dgn yg lainnya
a bc
• Ketiganya mempunyai
panjang yg berbeda
a bc

16
Cara
menggambar:
Ð a- / b+ = 300
a:b:c=1:4:6
Mineral Identification Basics
• ORTHORHOMBIC CRYSTALS

ORTHORHOMBIC
Three mutually perpendicular axes of different
lengths.
c

c
b
a b
a

An Alternative Crystal
Axes Orientation
ORTHORHMOBIC
Crystal Axes
 Mineral Identification Basics
• ORTHORHOMBIC CRYSTALS

ORTHORHOMBIC
This model shows the alternative
axes where the vertical “c” axis is
not the longest axis.
The model shows the outside
“brick” shape of the PRISM and the
inner shape is a DIPYRAMID. The
top and bottom faces are called
ORTHORHMOBIC PINACOIDS and are perpendicular
Crystal Model to the “c” axis.
Mineral Identification Basics
• ORTHORHOMBIC CRYSTALS

Topaz from Topaz

Mountain, Utah.
Mineral Identification Basics
• ORTHORHOMBIC CRYSTALS

BARITE is also orthorhombic. The

view above is looking down the “c”
axis of the crystal.
 Mineral Identification Basics
• ORTHORHOMBIC CRYSTALS

Pinacoid
View

Prism View
STAUROLITE
Mineral Identification Basics
• ORTHORHOMBIC CRYSTALS

This is a Staurolite TWIN

with garnets attached.
See u next week….