TOMUDRXM^] GE CTCBJM

(XM[^K XDCDX^DR)

^.].B.C.X.

J PRGFDH^ GO6

CJRLD^MOI X^RJ^DIMDX GE XYMII] U/X VGCJ^G

JHJNDCMH ]DJR6

20:;-20:=

XTBCM^DN B]6

XKJK CDD^ KM^DXK

PRGFDH^ ITMND6

PRGE. ODKJ CDK^J

NJ^D GE XTBCMXXMGO6
^K
24  CJRHK, 20:=

CJAMOM LMXKGR XJOIKUM HGAADID GE HGCCDRHD

JON DHGOGCMHX

F.U.P.N. XHKDCD

UMAD PJRAD (YDX^)

CTCBJM ‘ >00 0>=

 NDHAJRJ^MGO

M , XKJK CDD^ KM^DXK ge CJAMOM LMXKGR XJOIKUM HGAADID GE

HGCCDRHD JON DHGOGCMHX, ge ^.].B.C.X. (Xdcdstdr UM) ndhajrd

ndhajrd tkjt M

kjvd hgcpadtdn tkms prgfdht go tkd ‑CJRLD^MOI X^RJ^DIMDX GE XYMII]

U/X VGCJ^G–  mo tkd jhjndcmh ydjr 20:; ‘ 20:=. ^kd moegrcjtmgo

subcmttdn ms trud jon grmimoja tg tkd bdst ge cy logwadnid.

NJ^D GE XTBCMXXMGO

^K
24  CJRHK, 20:= XMIOJ^TRD GE X^TNDO^

(XKJK CDD^ KM^DXK)

 HDR^MEMHJ^D

^kms ms tg hdrtmey tkjt  XKJK CDD^ KM^DXK ge CJAMOM LMXKGR XJOIKUM

HGAADID GE HGCCDRHD JON DHGOGCMHX , ge ^.].B.C.X. (Xdcdstdr UM) kjs

hgcpadtdn tkd prgfdht go tkd ‑CJRLD^MOI X^RJ^DIMDX GE XYMII] U/X

VGCJ^G–, mo tkd jhjndcmh ydjr 20:; ‘ 20:=. ^kd moegrcjtmgo subcmttdn ms

trud jon grmimoja tg tkd bdst ge cy logwadnid.

 WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
 WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
XMIOJ^TRD GE PRMOHMPJA XMIOJ^TRD GE PRGFDH^ ITMND

(NR. CRX. LRTXKOJ IJONKM) (PRGE. ODKJ CDK^J)

 WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
 WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
WWWWWWW
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
WWWWWWWW

HGAADID XDJA XMIOJ^TRD GE BCX HG-GRNMOJ^GR

(PRGE. ODKJ CDK^J)

 WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
 WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
WWWWWWWWWW
W

XMIOJ^TRD GE D[^DROJA D[JCMODR

 JHLOGYADNIDCDO^

Mt kjs jawjys bddo cy smohdrd ndsmrd js j cjojidcdot stundot tg idt jo

gppgrtuomty tg dxprdss cy vmdws, slmaas, jttmtund jon tjadot mo wkmhk M jc
 prgemhmdot. J prgfdht
prgfdht ms god suhk jvdoud tkrguik
tkrguik wkmhk j stundot wkg jspmrds
jspmrds
tg bd j euturd cjojidr ngds sgcdtkmoi hrdjtmvd. ^kms prgfdht kjs imvdo cd
tkd hkjohd tg idt mo tguhk wmtk tkd prjhtmhja jspdhts
j spdhts ge cjojidcdot.

M jc dxtrdcday irjtdeua tg tkd Tomvdrsmty ge Cucbjm egr kjvmoi prdshrmbdn

tkms prgfdht wgrl tg cd js j pjrt ge tkd jhjndcmh rdqumrdcdot mo tkd
Bjhkdagr ge Cjojidcdot Xtunmds (BCX) hgursd.

M wmsk tg jpprdhmjtd tkd cjojidcdot jon stjee ge Cjamom Lmskgr Xjoikvm

Hgaadid, BCX egr prgvmnmoi tkd dotmrd stjtd ge tkd jrt moerjstruhturd jon
rdsgurhds tg dojbad tkd hgcpadtmgo jon dormhkcdot
d ormhkcdot ge cy prgfdht.

M wmsk tg dxtdon j spdhmja tkjols tg cy prgfdht Iumnd Prge. Odkj Cdktj

wmtkgut wkgsd iumnjohd, tkd prgfdht cjy ogt kjvd
kjv d tjldo skjpd.
 D[DHT^MUD XTCCJR]

XYMII] jon VGCJ^G jrd tkd twg cjrldt adjndrs mo tkd goamod eggn grndrmoi jon
ndamvdry cjrldt. Xwmiiy ms goay motg goamod eggn grndrmoi jon ndamvdry wkdrd js zgcjtg
wjs momtmjaay j rdstjurjot nmshgvdry pajtegrc tkjt dotdrdn motg goamod eggn grndrmoi jon
ndamvdry jetdr swmiiy.
Mo tkms prgfdht M kjvd bjsmhjaay hgvdrdn tgpmhs suhk js tkd kmstgry ge swmiiy jon zgcjtg
tkdmr euonmoi kmstgry jon hurrdot cjrldt pgsmtmgo. Mt jasg mohaunds tkd busmodss cgnda
egaagwdn by bgtk tkd hgcpjomds jon jasg tkd tkdmr cjrldtmoi cmx jon tkdo tkd cjrldtmoi
strjtdimds usdn tg jttrjhts ajrid tjridt junmdohd.
^kd njtj ms hgaadhtdn ergc vjrmgus sgurhds amld qudstmgoojmrd, wdbsmtds, bggls,
cjijzmods, odwspjpdrs jrtmhads, dth. ^kd rdsdjrhk ndsmio ms dxpagrjtgry jon hgohausmvd mo
ojturd.
Jo jttdcpt kjs bddo cjnd tg stuny tkd hgcpjoy”s pdrspdhtmvd mo tkd Monmjo cjrldt jon
jojayzd go kgw tkdy usd nmeedrdot cjrldtmoi strjtdimds tg wgg tkdmr hustgcdrs. ^kd
rdsdjrhk stuny oddndn tg bd hgcpadtdn wmtkmo j spdhmemdn tmcd m.d. twg cgotks mo hdrtjmo
jrdjs. Xg tkd emonmois hjoogt bd idodrjamzdn js j wkgad
 MOND[

XR OG. ^GPMH PJID OG.

: Motrgnuhtmgo :
2 Xwmiiy”s stgry 8
8 Vgcjtg”s stgry 4
> Euonmoi stgry ge swmiiy =
4 Euonmoi stgry ge zgcjtg :0
5 Busmodss cgnda ge swmiiy ::
9 Busmodss cgnda ge zgcjtg :9
; Cjrldtmoi cmx ge swmiiy 2>
= Cjrldtmoi cmx ge zgcjtg 25
:0 XYG^ jojaysms ge swmiiy 2;
:: XYG^ jojaysms ge zgcjtg 8:
:2 Cjrldtmoi strjtdiy ge swmiiy 8>
:8 Cjrldtmoi strjtdiy ge zgcjtg >>
:> Emvd stjid buymoi cgnda ge swmiiy 42
:4 Emvd stjid buymoi cgnda ge zgcjtg 44
:5 Njtj jojaysms jon motdrprdtjtmgo 4;
:9 Hgohausmgo 5;
:; Bmbamgirjpky 5=
:= Joodxurd 90
 MO^RGNTH^MGO

YK] ^KD OD[^ TOMHGRO YMAA BD ERGC ^KD GOAMOD EGGN

GRNDRMOI JON NDAMUDR] CJRLD^!

Monmj”s goamod eggn grndrmoi sdhtgr sjw j strgoi irgwtk rjtd mo tkd oucbdr ge njmay
grndrs, irgwmoi hgosmstdotay jt :4 pdr hdot go j qujrtdray bjsms ergc Fjoujry tg
Xdptdcbdr ajst ydjr, jhhgrnmoi tg j rdpgrt ergc RdnXddr
RdnX ddr Hgosuatmoi.

^kd irgwtk kjs rdsuatdn mo tkd oucbdr ge grndrs go j njmay bjsms haghlmoi jo jvdrjid ge
>00,000 nurmoi tkd Xdptdcbdr qujrtdr. Mt kjs jasg cdjot pajydrs, mohaunmoi
Xwmiiy, Vgcjtg jon Eggnpjonj,
Eggnpjonj , jrd movdstmoi mo mo-sgurhmoi ndamvdrmds.

Mo tkd Xdptdcbdr qujrtdr, sdae-ndamvdrmds irdw tg 45 pdr hdot ge tkd tgtja oucbdr ge grndrs
ngod by tkd eggn-tdhk sdhtgr mo Monmj. Mo-kgusd ndamvdrmds stggn jt >5 pdr hdot mo tkd
egurtk qujrtdr ge 20:5.

Kjvmoi j bdttdr hgotrga ge tkdmr ndamvdr eaddts, eggn grndrmoi pajtegrcs wdrd jbad tg brmoi
ngwo tkd jvdrjid tmcd tjldo tg ndamvdr j cdja ergc >9 cmoutds mo tkd Ndhdcbdr qujrtdr
ge 20:5 tg >2 cmoutds mo tkd Xdptdcbdr qujrtdr mo 20:9. ^kms oucbdr ms dxpdhtdn tg irgw
js eggn tdhk pajydrs aggl tg bggst hustgcdr sjtmsejhtmgo jon kjvd tkdc grndr cgrd cdjas.

Xwmiiy, god ge tkd adjnmoi pajydrs kjs mo-sgurhdn ndamvdrmds smohd mts mohdptmgo jon
hgotmouds tg prghdss :00 pdr hdot ge ndamvdrmds.
n damvdrmds.

Vgcjtg, wkmhk stjrtdn gee js j rdstjurjot nmshgvdry pajtegrc jon turodn tg goamod eggn
grndrmoi, jhqumrdn Ruoodr, j kypdr aghja agimstmhs emrc mo grndr tg bggst mts gwo mo-kgusd
ndamvdry jrc.

^kd irgwtk mo 20:; ms dxpdhtdn tg hgotmoud jt tkd sjcd pjhd. Kgwdvdr, Gaj, Monmj's
ajridst tjxm-kjmamoi emrc, buymoi Eggnpjonj hguan upsdt tkd cjrldt. Gaj kjs sjmn mt wguan
movdst $200 cmaamgo motg Eggnpjonj gvdr tkd odxt edw ydjrs, hrdjtmoi j shjrd tkjt tkdrd
hguan bd j prmhd wjr mo tkd eggn-tdhk spjhd jijmo.

:
Hurrdotay, pajydrs suhk js Xwmiiy jon Vgcjtg kjvd cjojidn tg cjmotjmo tkd irgwtk
ndspmtd hkjrimoi ndamvdry edds egr scjaa-tmhldt ndamvdrmds. Dxpdrts jon monustry wjthkdrs
sjy tkd cgnda ge ndamvdrmoi eggn ergc rdstjurjots, wkmhk ms grndrdn goamod kjs bddo
 prgvdo, dvdo me tkdrd”s sgcd wjy tg ig egr emrcs mo tkd spjhd tg
tg bdimo cjlmoi prgemts.

^kms jasg puts tkd sdhtgr jt rmsl ergc bdmoi movjndn by pajydrs wmtk nddp pghldts, wkg
spaurid kuid jcguots ge cgody tg irjb cjrldt skjrd jon edon gee rmvjas mo tkd kgpd tkjt
tkdy'aa bd jbad tg turo prgemtjbad sgcdnjy.

2
 YKJ^X ^KD XYMII] X^GR]7

Mt jaa stjrtdn bjhl mo 20:> wkdo twg BM^X Pmajom irjnujtds, Xrmkjrskj Cjfdty jon Ojonjo
Rdnny ndhmndn tkdy wjotdn tg cjld amed djsmdr by hkjoimoi tkd wjy Monmj djts - jaa wmtk
 fust j tjp! Ymtk tkdmr mndj ge ‛kypdr aghja eggn ndamvdry”, jaa tkdy oddndn
oddnd n wjs tkd tdhk
tdh k tg
 pgwdr mt jon wdrd motrgnuhdn tg Rjkua Fjmcmom, wkg brguikt tkms vmsmgo tg amed wmtk tkd
emrst wdbsmtd. Jon wmtk tkms, Xwmiiy wjs ajuohkdn js j eggn grndrmoi & ndamvdry
 pajtegrc.

Mo Juiust ge 20:>, Xwmiiy bdijo gpdrjtmgos by smiomoi up j edw rdstjurjots mo

Lgrjcjoijaj, Bdoijauru. Xggo doguik, tkd emrst tdjc ge Kuoidr Xjvmgrs hjcd motg
jhtmgo tg ndamvdr eggn wmtkmo >0 cmoutds. Xkgrtay jetdr, Xwmiiy rjmsdn mts emrst rguon ge
euonmoi jon ajuohkdn tkd jpp mo Cjy ge 20:4. Euo ejht6 ^kd tdhkogagiy tkjt ndamvdrs
irdjt eggn rmikt tg ygur nggrstdp wjs hgcpadtday ndvdagpdn mo-kgusd!

Ymtk agvd jon suppgrt ergc hgosucdrs, Xwmiiy dxpjondn ejr jon wmnd, emrst tkrguik tkd
dotmrd hmty ge Bdoijauru jon tkdo jhrgss tkd dotmrd hguotry. Js tkdy sjy, tkd rdst ms
kmstgry.

^gnjy, Xwmiiy ms tkd adjnmoi eggn grndrmoi jon ndamvdry pajtegrc mo Monmj. ^kd
moogvjtmvd tdhkogagiy, ajrid jon omcbad ndamvdry sdrvmhd, jon dxhdptmgoja hgosucdr
eghus jt Xwmiiy dojbadn j kgst ge bdodemts tkjt mohaunds amiktomoi ejst ndamvdrmds, amvd
grndr trjhlmoi jon og rdstrmhtmgos go grndr jcguot, jaa wkmad kjvmoi tkd padjsurd ge
dofgymoi ygur ejvgurmtd cdja wkdrdvdr ygu'n amld mt.

8
UJATDX J^ XYMII]

CMXXMGO

Hkjoid tkd wjy Monmj djts.

>
 Y J^X ^KD VGCJ^G X^GR]7

Vgcjtg- Monmj”s cgst sdn eggn nmrdhtgry wjs grmimojaay ajuohkdn uondr tkd ojcd
‛Eggnmdbjy” mo 200; jt tkd pdjl ge tkd Monmjo
Monmjo stjrt-up
stjrt-up bggc.
bggc. ^k eguondrs wdrd
Nddpmondr Igyja jon Pj ljf Hkjnn
Hkjnnjk.
jk. Bgtk
Bgtk jrd
jrd MM^
MM^ Ndakm
Ndakm irjnu
irjnujtd
jtdss erg
erg 2004 jon 2009
rdspdhtmvday jon wdrd wgrlmoi js jojaysts egr tkd hgosuatmoi emrc Bjmo Hgcpjoy.

^kd mndj egr EggnmdBjy sprj

prjoi ergc
ergc tkdc
kdc wkd
wkdo
o je
jetdr
tdr kjv
kjvmo
moi
i tg
tg shr
shrg
guoid jrguon egr
rdstjurjot cdous tkdy em jaay
jaay ndhmndn
ndn tg tjld cjt
cjttdrs
drs motg
otg tkdmr gwo hgotrga. Mt stjrtdn
wmtk
wmtk j smcp
smcpad
ad egu
eguon
onjt
jtmg
mgo
o a mndj- jo motdrodt nmrdhtgry egr rdstjurjot cdo s.

^kd mndj, dvdo bdegrd E gnmdBjy, wjs bdmoi pursudn by Nddpmondr wm k jogtkdr ermdon
Prjsggo
ggo Fjmo mo Ndakm O R js j vdotur
vdoturdd hjaadn
hjaadn Eggnadt
Eggnadt.. Kgwdvd
Kgwdvdr,
r, Prjsg
Prjsg o sggo cgvdn tg
Cucbjm jon adet bdkmon ggnadt js j vdoturd tgg.

Xggo tkdrd wjs j sdvdrd ajhl ge KR jon busmodss, wkmhk ldpt Eggnadt s ruiiamoi. ^kms ms
wkdo Pjoljf Hkjnnjk stdppdn mo tg kdap Nddpmondr”s mndj, jon tkdy  bdijo jerdsk by
stjrtmoi EggnmdBjy. ^kd irjpk, smohd tkdo, stjrtdn bgatmoi goay upwjrns egr tkd hgcpjoy.

Ndd
Nddpmon
pmondr
dr nds
ndshrmb
hrmbds
ds Pjo
Pjo jf js j ‑turo
‑turomo
moi
i pgmo
pgmott egr
egr tkd
tkd hgc
hgcpjo
pjoy–
y–.. ^kd
^kd td
td c ge EggnmdBjy
wjs fust 5 mo oucbdr but mo j skgrt spjo ge = cgotks, tkdy bdhjcd tkd miidst rdstjurjot
nmrdhtgry mo tkd Ndakm  OHR rdimgo by ajtd 200;. ^kd sdrvmhd, jet r twg ydjrs ge
gpdrjtmgos, wjs rdojcdn js Vgcjtg mo 20:0.

4
VGCJ^G JO GOAMOD RDX^JTRJO^ NMXHGUDR] PAJ^EGRC
JNNDN MO^G GOAMOD EGGN NDAMUDR] JRC

Mo Juiust 20:8, mo jo motdrvmdw wmtk Amvdcmot, Vgcjtg HDG Nddpmondr Igyja wjs
jsldn wkjt kms pajos wdrd jbgut jnnmoi j edjturd tkjt adt pdgpad grndr eggn goamod ergc
Vgcjtg. Kd sjmn, ‑^kdrd jrd prjhtmhja hgostrjmots tkjt stgp us. Yd hjo”t tmd-up wmtk
dvdrygod mo tkd dhg-systdc„tkdrd jrd tkgusjons ge
g e rdstjurjots. ^kdrd”s og pgmot mo ngmoi
goay 400 rdstjurjots gut ge :0,000. ^kd goay wjy tg cjld mt wgrl wguan bd tg kmrd j
cuhk bmiidr tdjc, jon tkd cjrldt ngdso”t suppgrt tkjt. ^kd gtkdr wjy wguan bd tg adt
rdstjurjots kjonad ndamvdrmds, jon jht js j pjycdot cdnmuc. Me wd ngo”t kjonad
euaemaacdot, tkdo wd hjo”t iujrjotdd tkd qujamty ge sdrvmhd. But tkd hustgcdr ngdso”t tkmol
jbgut tkjt„tkdy pajhd jo grndr wmtk Vgcjtg, jon me tkdrd ms j prgbadc, tkdo tkd hustgcdr
agsd ejmtk mo bgtk tkd rdstjurjot jon Vgcjtg. ^kjt”s ogt j iggn smtujtmgo egr us. Js tkd
monustry cjturds tkguik, M tkmol mt wmaa bd pgssmbad tg sdd cgrd edjturds idt jnndn, but mt
wmaa tjld jt adjst tkrdd tg egur ydjrs tg kjppdo.–

]dt bjrday j ydjr jon j kjae ajtdr, Nddpmondr ms rdjny tg ig jkdjn wmtk wkjt kd kjn
nddcdn tgg rmsly. Jon sgcdwkdrd tkms jhhdadrjtmgo vjamnjtds tkd shjad Vgcjtg kjs bddo
jbad tg jhkmdvd mo j skgrt spjo.

^kms tmcd Vgcjtg ms cjlmoi tkd odws wmtk tkd jooguohdcdot ge goamod eggn grndrmoi,
wkmhk mt pajos tg stjrt ergc Cjrhk :5 gowjrns. Xpdjlmoi go tkms ndvdagpcdot, Nddpmondr
Igyja sjys tkjt tkms wjs j pajoodn prgnuht dxtdosmgo jon tkd hgcpjoy kjs bddo wgrlmoi
go tkms prgnuht egr qumtd sgcd tmcd.

Mt”s jo motdrdstmoi cgnda wkmhk Vgcjtg ms idttmoi motg wkdrd mt wmaa jht js j tdhk pajtegrc
wkmhk wmaa kdap
kd ap usdrs hgccuomhjtd wmtk tkd rdstjurjots. Xg, rdstjurjots wmaa kjvd tg
cjoujaay jhhdpt djhk grndr hgcmoi ergc j Vgcjtg usdr bdegrd mt ms prghdssdn.
^kjt's gppgsdn tg smcpay pjssmoi hgoemrcdn grndrs ergc usdrs gvdr tg rdstjurjots js gtkdr
sdrvmhds ng, kd sjys.

5
 Ogtjbay, Vgcjtg wmaa advdrjid mts dxmstmoi rdjhk jon shjad (sjads tdjc ge gvdr 800
 pdgpad, 4000 gnn jnvdrtmsdrs) tg ejst trjhl mts irgwtk mo tkms spjhd. Xdttmoi jcbmtmgus
tjridts, Vgcjtg hajmcs tg brmoi gvdr :0,000 rdstjurjots mo mts eggn grndrmoi odtwgrl mo
tkd odxt tkrdd cgotks jon jasg stjrt prghdssmoi gvdr >0,000 grndrs j njy mo tkd odjr tdrc.
Jon wky ogt7 ‑Imvdo tkjt wd kjvd gvdr >00,000 pdgpad wkg vmsmt gur Monmj sdhtmgo dvdry
njy, tkms skguano't bd tgg kjrn," rdcjrls Nddpmondr.

‑Yd wmaa movdst $40 cmaamgo mo tkd busmodss mo Monmj gvdr tkd odxt ydjr gr sg," kd
hgotmouds. ‑^kms wmaa bd gur ejstdst rjcp up egr joy busmodss mo joy
jo y idgirjpky dvdr.–

Vgcjtg pajos tg cjld cgody ergc tkms odw sdrvmhd vmj j hut ge djhk grndr, but tkd dxjht
smzd ge mts edd wmaa bd bjsdn go eddnbjhl ergc hustgcdrs nmrdhtay. Mo tkd hjsd ge j emvd stjr
rjtmoi, Vgcjtg wmaa tjld j 9.4 pdrhdot hgccmssmgo
hg ccmssmgo edd. But tkjt hut wmaa rmsd tg j
cjxmcuc ge :4 pdrhdot egr tkd agwdst hustgcdr eddnbjhl. ^kus tkd bdst dxpdrmdohd jon
vjaud egr hustgcdrs wmaa bd tkd ldy eghus.

‑Yd wmaa gwo tkd hustgcdr dxpdrmdohd go tkd tdhk don, js tkd pajtegrc, tkd ndamvdry
jon agimstmhs wmaa bd gwodn by tkd rdstjurjots.–

9
CMXXMGO

Gur ms tg dosurd ogbgny js j bjn cdja

UMXMGO

zgcj
zgcjtg
tg ms usdn
usdn by cmaa
cmaamg
mg s dvdrynjy tg ndhmnd wkdrd tg djt mo gvdr :0 00hmtmds gvdr 28
hguotrmds. Mo j edw ydjrs wd skgu
skguan
an bd jbad
jbad tg kdap
kdap pgmot
pgmot ygu
ygu tg j ird
ird t pajhd tg djt og
cjttdr
cjttdr wkjt
wkjt pjrt
pjrt ge
ge wgra
wgra ygu jrd mo.

;
 ETONMOI KMX^GR] GE XYMII]

Goamod eggn ndamvdry stjrtup Xwmiiy, wkmhk dotdrdn Monmj”s ‑uomhgro" haub djramdr tkms
ydjr, kjs rjmsdn $: bmaamgo mo erdsk hjpmtja, cjrlmoi tkd bmiidst dvdr euonmoi rguon mo tkd
hguotry”s bggcmoi
bggcm oi eggn-tdhk sdhtgr jon mohrdjsmoi prdssurd go jrhk-rmvja Vgcjtg tg
qumhlay rjmsd erdsk euons.
Ymtk tkd ajtdst euonmoi, wkmhk wjs adn by dxmstmoi movdstgr Ojspdrs Atn jon jasg sjw
 pjrtmhmpjtmgo ergc Hkmoj”s ^dohdot Kganmois Atn, Xwmiiy kjs bdhgcd tkd emetk cgst
vjaujbad stjrtup mo tkd hguotry, hgccjonmoi j vjaujtmgo ge $8.8 bmaamgo jon uondrshgrmoi
tkd stuoomoi rmsd ge j vdoturd tkjt wjs ajuohkdn egur ydjrs jig.
Mo Fuod, j $2:0 cmaamgo euonmoi rguon cjnd Xwmiiy j uomhgro (stjrtups wmtk j vjaujtmgo
ge $: bmaamgo gr cgrd). Goay Pjytc (God=9 Hgccuomhjtmgos Atn), Gaj (JOM
^dhkogagimds Pvt. Atn), Gyg (Grjvda Xtjys Pvt. Atn) jon Byfu”s (^kmol jon Adjro Pvt.
Atn) jrd ogw jkdjn ge Xwmiiy
X wmiiy mo vjaujtmgo. Mt hgcpdtds wmtk Vgcjtg, TbdrDjts jon Gaj”s
Eggnpjonj.

=
 ETONMOI KMX^GR] GE VGCJ^G

Mo Juiust 20:0, Vgcjtg igt mts emrst rguon ge euonmoi ge $: cmaamgo ergc Moeg
Dnid, Monmj. Jon mo Xdptdcbdr 20::, igt mts sdhgon rguon ge euonmoi ge $8.4
cmaamgo ergc tkd sjcd emojohmdr. Odxt ydjr Vgcjtg uprjmsdn mts tkmrn rguon ge
jogtkdr $2.4 cmaamgo ergc tkd sjcd movdstgr jon jijmo mo djray 20:8, Moeg Dnid
euondn egurtk rguon wgrtk $:0 cmaamgo wkmhk imvds tkdc j 49.=% stjld mo
Vgcjtg.

Mo Ogvdcbdr 20:>, Vgcjtg hjcd up wmtk j erdsk rguon ge euonmoi ge $50 cmaamgo
jt j pgst-cgody vjaujtmgo ge ~TX$550 cmaamgo. ^kms rguon ge euonmoi wjs fgmotay
kdjndn by Moeg Dnid Monmj Amcmtdn jon U] Hjpmtja, wmtk movgavdcdot ergc
Xdqugmj Hjpmtja. ^kms cjnd j tgtja euonmoi ge gvdr TX$::8 cmaamgo egr Vgcjtg.

Rdhdotay mo j erdsk rguon ge euonmoi mo Jprma 20:4, Moeg Dnid, Monmj kjs movdstdn
jo jcguot ge Rs :44 hrgrd mo Vgcjtg.

:0
 X MII]”X BTXMODXX CGNDA

RDX^JTRJO^ PJ ^ODRX

 ^kd rdstjurjot pjrtodrs rd rdstjurjots

rdstjurjots wkmhk
wkmhk gpt tg ndamvdr
ndamvdr tg hustgcdr
hustgcdrs tkjt hgcd ergc
Xwmiiy jppamhjtmgo jon dbsmtd.

NDAMUDR] PJR^O RX

^kdy egrc tkd ndamvdry addt wkmhk

wkmhk ms imvdo
imvdo tkd
tkd rdspgosmbm
rdspgosmbmamty
amty tg pmhl u p tkd grndr ergc
tkd pjrt
pjrtodr
odr rds
rdstjur
tjurjot
jot jo
jo ndamvdr mt tg tkd don hgosucdr.

::
KGY XYMII] YGRLX7

Xwmiiy prgvmnds jo goamod pajtegrc egr grndrmoi ergc j wmnd rjoid ge amstdn
odmikbgrkggn pjrtodr rdstjurjots jon kjvd tkdmr gwo eaddt ge ndamvdry pdrsgooda wkg pmhl
up tkd grndrs ergc tkd pjrtodr rdstjurjots jon ndamvdr mt tg tkd hustgcdrs jt tkdmr
nggrstdps.

Xwmiiy wgrls by prgvmnmoi j hgcpadtd eggn grndrmoi jon ndamvdry sgautmgo tkjt hgoodhts
tkd dxmstmoi odmikbgrkggn rdstjurjots wmtk tkd urbjo eggnmds prgvmoi tg bd bdodemhmja egr
 bgtk.

]gu hjo gpdo tkd Xwmiiy jppamhjtmgo go ygur cgbmad pkgods gr vmsmt tkd Xwmiiy wdbsmtd
jon ygu wmaa emon j wkgad amst ge rdstjurjots tg grndr ergc.

Gohd tkd rdstjurjot ms sdadhtdn jon tkd grndr pajhdn, tkd rdstjurjot wkmhk kjs mts gwo
Xwmiiy jppamhjtmgo rdhdmvds tkd grndr ndtjmas jon stjrts prdpjrmoi egr tkd grndr.

J brgjnhjst smioja ms tkdo sdot tg jaa tkd nrmvdrs mo tkd vmhmomty wkg kjvd tkdmr gwo nrmvdr
jppamhjtmgo. ^kgsd wmaamoi tg jhhdpt tkd grndr hjo hkggsd tg jhhdpt jon ndamvdr mt.

Amld gtkdr go-ndcjon ndamvdry stjrtups, Xwmiiy jasg kjs motdirjtdn tkd Iggiad Cjps
JPM wkmhk adts tkd hustgcdrs logw wkdrd tkdmr grndr ms jon tkd jcguot ge tmcd mt wmaa
tjld egr tkdmr grndr tg idt ndamvdrdn mo rdja-tmcd.

:2
KGY XYMII] CJLDX CGOD]7

Xwmiiy”s busmodss cgnda kjs cjnd Xwmiiy jo djray cgvdr mo tkd eggn sdrvmhd spjhd mo
Monmj jon kjs kjn j sdt bjsd cgnda go wkmhk tkdmr busmodss ms bjsdn, but tkdy kjvd stjrtdn
djromoi rdvdouds ergc gtkdr rdajtdn jvdouds dvdr smohd tkdy
tk dy kjvd dstjbamskdn tkdcsdavds.

^kd egaagwmoi jrd tkd nmeedrdot sgurhds tkjt Xwmiiy cjlds cgody
cgod y ergc6-

HGCCMXXMGOX

Xwmiiy typmhjaay hkjrids j :4% ‘ 24% hgccmssmgo go tkd grndr bmaa jcguot rdhdmvdn by
tkd rdstjurjot. ^kms hgccmssmgo ms hkjridn go tkd euaa bmaa jcguot wkmhk ms mohausmvd ge
tkd Iggns jon Xdrvmhd ^jx hkjridn gvdr jon jbgvd tkd cdou prmhd.

Xwmiiy hgotmougusay trmds tg idt rdstjurjots go bgjrn tg bd jvjmajbad go Xwmiiy

dxhausmvday. Go tkms jhhguot, hdrtjmo bdodemts jrd imvdo tg rdstjurjots amld irdjtdr
vmsmbmamty jon sgcdtmcds j nrgp mo tkd hgccmssmgo ge jbgut 2% ‘ 8%. But smohd tkd
rdsuatmoi bdodemt ms ejr cgrd tkjo tkd nrgp mo rdvdoud, Xwmiiy ngds tkms jiirdssmvday.

^kd pdrhdotjid ge hgccmssmgo ndpdons go vjrmgus ejhtgrs amld tkd erdqudohy ge grndrs
rdhdmvdn, aghjtmgo ge tkd rdstjurjot, ndpdondohy ge tkd rdstjurjot go Xwmiiy, pdrhdotjid
hkjridn by hgcpdtmtgrs, pdodtrjtmgo tg j odw hmty dth.

:8
NDAMUDR] HKJRIDX

Xwmiiy ngds ogt kjvd j cmomcuc grndr rdqumrdcdot egr ndamvdry wkmhk cdjos tkjt
Xwmiiy getdo rdhdmvds grndrs jcguotmoi tg adss tkjo Rs :00. ^kms mohrdjsds tkd agimstmhs
hgst pdr grndr.

Xg, jetdr Xwmiiy igt j strgoi kgan ge tkd cjrldt, mt stjrtdn hkjrimoi ndamvdry hkjrids tg
agw grndr jcguots (ndpdonmoi jon vjrymoi upgo hmty tg hmty). Ndamvdry hkjrids jrd
typmhjaay jrguon Rs 20 egr grndrs adss tkjo Rs 240.

Xwmiiy sgcdtmcds jasg hkjrids j surid mo ndamvdry prmhds mo tmcds ge kmik ndcjon, rjmos,
spdhmja ghhjsmgos jon cmnomikt ndamvdry mo sdadht cjrldts.^kms jnnmtmgojaay kdaps mo
 puskmoi hustgcdrs mo grndrmoi jbgvd tkd tkrdskgan tg jvgmn pjymoi ndamvdry hkjrids.

:>
JNUDR^MXMOI

Xwmiiy stjrtdn djromoi jnvdrtmsmoi rdvdoud vmj twg cgndas ‘ Bjoodr  prgcgtmgos jon
 prmgrmty amstmoi ge rdstjur 
rdstjur  ots.

Xwmiiy rdhdotay stjrtdn wmtk Bjoodr prgcgtmgos tg tjld j adje gut ge Vgcjtg jon
Eggnpjonj”s bggls. Rdstjurjots jrd prgcgtdn jon nmspajydn mo tkdmr jpp jon wdbsmtd
 pdrtjmomoi tg rdimgos. Nm edrdot
edrdot rdimgo
rdimgoss go
go tkd
tkd nmsp
nmspajy
ajydn
dn pjid
pjid vjry mo tk
tk mr rjtds bjsdn go
tkd vmsmbmamty tkjt tkd rdst urjot ms tg rdhdmvd vmj tkd bjoodr prgcgtmgo.

^kd goay amcmtjtmgo

amcmtjtmgo ms
ms tkjt Xwmiiy ngds ogt skjrd hustgcdr njtj, sg tkd r stjurjots rday go
idodrjtmoi rjw rdvdoud t rguik kmikdr vmsmbmamty goay.

Xwmi
Xwmiiy
iy typ
typmh
mhja
jaay
ay nms
nmspa
pajj s j amst
amst ge jvjm
jvjmaj
ajba
badd rds
rdstj
tjur
urjo
jots
ts tg tkd hust
hustgc
gc rs. Mt kjs tjppdn
tkms vdry pgtdotmja motg j rdvdo
rdvdoud
ud strdj
strdjc
c by hkjr
hkjrimo
imoi
i j prdcm
prdcmuc
uc erg
ergc rdstjurjots mo
rdturo ge imvmoi prmgrmty a stmoi tg tkd rdstjurjots.

Kmikdr up tkd amst tkd rdstjurj

jurjot
ot ms
ms nms
nmspa
pajy
jydn
dn,, kmik
kmikdr
dr ms tkd
tkd hgst
hgst tkd
tkd rds
rdstj
tju
u jot kjs tg pjy.

:4
XYMII] XTPDR

Xwmiiy kjs rdhdotay ajuohkdn Xwmiiy Xupdr wkmhk ms j cdcbdrskmp prgirjc egr
hustgcdrs. Mt geedrs uoamcmtdn erdd ndamvdry go grndrs jbgvd Rs == jon og surid prmhmoi
egr wkmhk tkd hustgcdr kjs tg pjy j emxdn jcguot.

Jvjmajbad gptmgos mohaund j god-cgotk cdcbdrskmp egr Rs :>= jon j 8-cgotk

cdcbdrskmp egr Rs 8>= wkmhk jrd bdmoi geedrdn jt jo motrgnuhtgry prmhd ge Rs >= jon Rs
:2= rdspdhtmvday. ^kms jcguot mo jnnmtmgo tg tkd rdpdjt grndrs Xwmiiy dxpdhts tkrguik
tkms cdcbdrskmp prgirjc ms dxpdhtdn tg mohrdjsd rdvdoud.

:5
 VGCJ^G”X BTXMODXX CGNDA

:. Rdstjurjot pjys
jys zgc
zgc tg egr bdmoi edjturdn
2. Tsdr vmdws rdstjurjot
8. Cg
Cgrd
rd hust
hustgc
gcdr
dr eggt
eggtej
ejaa egr tkd rdstjurjot
>. Ldy busmodss uomts
 Jpp/wdbsmtd pajt grc
 Hustgcdr sdrvmhd
 Tsdr
Tsdr jon
jon rds
rdstj
tjur
urjj t njtjbjsd
 Rdstjurjot jnvdrt smoi
 Emdan tdjc
 Njtj jojaysms

:9
KGY VGCJ^G YGRLX7

Vgcjtg kjs bddo deedhtmvday irgwmoi smohd 200;. Mts upwjrn irjpks jon suhhdss
tmcdamod ms j rdsuat ge mts jndqujtday hrdjtmvd busmodss pajo jon j prgcmsmoi
rdvdoud idodrjtmgo strjtdiy. Kdrd ms j hadjr pmhturd ge kgw mt wgrls6

Mt dojbads usdrs tg sdjrhk tkrguik j ruongwo ge rdstjurjots jon sdadht tkdmr cgst
agvdn eggn ergc tkdmr cgst agvdn humsmods vmj j wdbsmtd gr cgbmad j pp.

Vgcjtg ms jo jstguonmoi pajtegrc egr rdstjurjots tg mcprgvd tkdmr cjrldt prdsdohd

jon irgw tkdmr usdr njtjbjsd.

Tsdrs hjo sdd spdhmja geedrs jon ndjas by slmccmoi tkrguik tkd hgccuomty go tkd
hkjoodas.

Gohd tkd hamdots hkggsd tkdmr grndr, Vgcjtg imvds tkdc tkd advdrjid tg pjy usmoi
nmeedrdot cdnmucs.

^kd rdqudst rdhdmvdn igds nmrdhtay tg tkd Vgcjtg ndamvdry iuys. ^kdo igds tg tkd
spdhmemh rdstjurjot.

^kd rdstjurjot tkdo hgoemrcs tkd grndr jon pjhls mt jhhgrnmoi tg tkd rdqumrdcdots
imvdo.

Vgcjtg ndamvdry pdrsgooda emomsk tkd ajst stdp by pmhlmoi up tkd pjrhda ergc tkd
rdstjurjot jon ndamvdr mt tg tkd usdr.

Cdjowkmad, Vgcjtg amldwmsd prgvmnds rdstjurjots jo gppgrtuomty tg skgw jon

 prgcg
 prg cgtd
td tkdmr
tk dmr hums
hu msmo
mods
ds tg j kuid
ku id usdr
us dr bjsd
bj sd.. Rdstj
Rds tjur
urjo
jots
ts jasg
jas g pjy
pj y tg Vgc jtg egr
edjturdn amstmois.

Vgcjtg ms j rdamjbad pjrtodr egr Rdstjurjots kgpmoi tg irgw tkdmr busmodss by

dxpjonmoi tkdmr rdjhk jon usdrs vmj goamod brjonmoi.

:;
Mt kjs pjrtodrdn wmtk jacgst dvdry god ge tkd rdstjurjots ge tkd urbjo jrdjs tkus
geedrmoi mts hamdots j wmnd vjrmdty ge eggn mtdcs.

Vgcjtg kjs bumat up j rjtmoi erjcdwgrl wkmhk puts rdstjurjots mo jo grndr bjsdn
go tkdmr rjtmois jon rdvmdws. ^kd hamdots rjtd tkd rdstjurjots bjsdn go tkd qujamty
ge tkd eggn, aggl jon edda ge tkdmr jcbmjohd jon tkdmr dxpdrmdohd.

Mts tdhkogagiy dokjohds tkd usdr dxpdrmdohd by tdaamoi tkdc tkd nmstjohd ge j
 pjrtm
 pj rtmhu
huaj
ajrr pajh
pa jhdd ergc
erg c usdr”s
usd r”s jrd j, jvdr
jv drji
jidd eggn
egg n prmh
pr mhd,
d, ndamv
nd amvdr
dryy hkjr
hk jrid
id jon
jo n
dstmcjtdn wjmt tmcd egr tkd grndr.

:=
KGY VGCJ^G CJLDX CGOD]7

Vgcjtg fust rdadjsdn mts E]:; ydjray rdpgrt, jon tkd oucbdrs jrd agglmoi truay
strgoi. Vgcjtg”s gvdrjaa rdvdoud wjs $9> cmaamgo (Rs. >;0 hrgrds) mo E]:;, up
jacgst >4% ergc $4: cmaamgo j ydjr jig. Vgcjtg ogw cjlds cgody ergc
nmeedrdot vdrtmhjas. Mt kjs mts grmimoja cjrldtmoi busmodss, jon gvdr tkd ajst hgupad
ge ydjrs, kjs bddo jiirdssmvday jnvdrtmsmoi mts eggn ndamvdry sdrvmhds js wdaa.
Rdhdotay, Vgcjtg jasg ajuohkdn twg suhhdsseua agyjaty prgirjcs, Vgcjtg ^rdjts
jon Vgcjtg Igan. Kdrd jrd tkd c djos by wkmhk mt djros cgody6

JNUDR^MXMOI

Vgcjtg stjrtdn js jo goamod rdstjurjot jiirdijtgr jon stmaa djros tkd cjmo pjrt ge
mts rdvdouds tkrguik mts uomqud „ jnvdrtmsmoi. Vgcjtg imvds rdstjurjots, djtdrmds,
 bjrs
 bj rs jon
jo n pubs
pu bs j hkjo
hk johd
hd tg jnvd
jn vdrtm
rtmsd
sd go mts
mt s pajte
pa jtegrc
grcss tkrgu
tk rgu ik spg osgrd
os grdn
n amstmo
ams tmo is,
jon djros tkd irdjtdr pjrt mts mohgcds tkrguik tkms hkjooda. ^kms hgotrmbutds tg j
52% skjrd ge mts gvdrjaa rdvdoud mo E]:;.

20
EGGN NDAMUDR]

Vgcjtg kjn ajuohkdn mts eggn ndamvdry sdrvmhds mo 20:4. Mo mts ndbut ydjr ge
gpdrjtmgos, eggn ndamvdry wjs fust 2% ge mts rdvdoud. Vgcjtg jiirdssmvday
dxtdondn mts eggn ndamvdry sdrvmhds smohd ‘ mo E]:; eggn ndamvdrmds prdsdot 80% ge
Vgcjtg”s gvdrjaa rdvdoud, turomoi motg tkd sdhgon bmiidst sgurhd g e mohgcd egr tkd
grijomzjtmgo.

G^KDRX

Vgcjtg ajuohkdn mts dxhdaadot subshrmptmgo prgirjc Vgcjtg Igan mo Monmj mo

 Ogv dcbd
dc bdrr 20:9,
20 :9, jetdr
je tdr pmagtm
pma gtmoi
oi mt mo TJD
TJ D jon
jo n Pgrtu
Pg rtu ija.
ija . Vgc
Vgcjt
jtg
g Igan
Iga n hrgss
hrg ssdn
dn
25000 subshrmbdrs mosmnd tkd momtmja sdvdo-dmikt kgurs jon mo j spamt sdhgon turodn
motg j kmt jcgoi tkd hamdots mo Monmj. Vgcjtg sjys tkjt Vgcjtg Igan ogw jnns tg
:2% ge mts cgotkay rdvdoud.

2:
Mt mcpamds tkjt igmoi jkdjn< Vgcjtg Igan wmaa prgbjbay turo motg j ogtdwgrtky
rdvdoud hgotrmbutgr egr tkd grijomzjtmgo. Xmcmajray, Vgcjtg ^rdjts wjs ajuohkdn mo
Jprma j ydjr jig jon geedrdn monmvmnujas j erdd swddt wkdo tkdy grndrdn eggn ergc
sdadhtdn djtdrmds. Mt hgotrmbutds tg 0.4% ge mts tgtja rdvdouds.

VGCJ^G IGAN

Vgcjtg Igan ms j pjmn sdrvmhd ergc Vgcjtg tkjt jaagws hustgcdrs wmtk Igan cdcbdrskmp
idt hgcpamcdotjry eggn jon nrmols wkmad grndrmoi ergc pjrtodr rdstjurjots jon bjrs.

Vgcjtg Igan sdrvmhd ms amcmtdn tg nmod-mo grndrs goay jon ogt jvjmajbad
j vjmajbad egr ndamvdrmds.

Vgcjtg kjs jooguohdn tkjt mts prdcmuc sdrvmhd, Vgcjtg Igan wmaa ogw bd movmtd goay.
Vgcjtg Igan jaagws hustgcdrs tg idt hgcpamcdotjry eggn jon nrmols ergc gvdr 2,:00
rdstjurjots jhrgss Puod, Kyndrjbjn, Ndakm OHR, Cucbjm jon Bjoijagrd.
Bjo ijagrd.

Vgcjtg kjn ajuohkdn tkd Vgcjtg Igan pjmn sdrvmhd bjhl mo Ogvdcbdr ajst ydjr wmtk j
ajuohk prmhd ge Rs. === egr j ydjr egr tkd emrst :0,000 hustgcdrs. ^kd subshrmptmgo prmhd
kjs bddo mohrdjsdn ergc Rs. === tg Rs. 2,8== egr j ydjr. Vgcjtg kjs sjmn tkjt tkd
subshrmptmgo prmhd ge Rs. 2,8== wmaa bd mohrdjsdn eurtkdr, gohd tkd sdrvmhd igds movmtd-
goay.

22
VGCJ^G PMII] BJH

Js tk
tkdd ojcd
ojcd su
suii
iids
dsts
ts,, mt
mt”s j rdwjrn pgmots prgirjc egr agyja usdrs ge kd eggn ndamvdry
sdrvmhd go Vgcjtg. ^kd mndj bdkmon tkms cdcbdrskmp ms tg rdwjrn agyja sdrs go gur eggn
ndam
ndamvd
vdry
ry sd
sdrv
rvmh
mhd,
d, wk
wkma
mast
st j sg ngmoi
ngmoi gur bmt
bmt mo kdapmoi
kdapmoi gtkdr
gtkdrss imvd j bmt bjhl tg tkd sghmdty.

Dvdr
Dvdry
y tm
tmcd ygu gr
grnd
ndrr eg
eg n goamod go Vgcjtg jt joy rdstjurjot, :0% ge ygur grndr vjaud
wmaa bd hrdnmtdn bjhl js V Hgmos motg ygur Vgcjtg Pmiiybjol. ^kjt”s mikt, tkjt”s :0%
djrodn go dvdry smoiad gcpadtdn grndr! Tsmoi tkdsd pgmots, ygu hjo  pjy :0% ge tkd
vjaud ge tkd odxt grndr gu pajhd jt j wmnd sdadhtmgo ge dxhausmvd tg -rjtdn rdstjurjot
 pjrtodrs. ]gu dvdo djro Hgmos mo ygur Pmiiy
iybj
bjo
ol wkdo ygu us
usdd Pmii  bjol hgmos go j
 pjrtmhuajr grndr.

Jon tk
tkms geedr ms vjamn jago
agoi
i wmtk
wmtk joy gtkdr
gtkdr geed
geedrs
rs ruoom
ruoomoi
oi go Vgcj
Vgcjtt . Joy rdstjurjot
euondn nmshguots wmaa hg tmoud tg bd jvjmajbad go Vgcjtg Ndamvdry.

Dvdry tmcd ygu grndr e gn usmoi ygur Pmiiybjol, ygu idt j hkjohd tg sprdjn scmads
sgcdwkd
kdrrd. ]g
]gu”
u”n
n bd
bd j ad tg ng tkms bdhjusd Vgcjtg wmaa ngojtd ₽: o ygur bdkjae tg
Jlskjy
jyjj Pj
Pjtrj Eg
Eguonjt
jtmm o, wgr
wgran”
an”ss ajri
ajrids
dstt OIG
OIG ruo
ruoom
omoi
oi cmn-
cmn-njy
njy c ja prgirjcs egr
hkmanrdo. ]ds, wd ngojtd ₽: pdr
pdr grndr.
grndr. Js
Js j hustg
hustgcdr
cdr,, ygu ngo”
ngo”tt pjy,
pjy, but ygu dojbad us
tg. Xg ygu jrd nmrdhtay rd  pgosmbad egr tkd iggn nddn tkjt wd ng go ygur dkjae.

Godd rup
Go rupdd
dd pd
pdrr grn
grndr
dr ms j agt ‘ me jaa grndrs jt Vgcjtg wdrd pajhdn usmoi miiybjol pgmots,
wd wguan bd ngojtmoi ₽ .24 hrgrd j cgotk go ygur bdkjae tg Jlskjy jtrj Eguonjtmgo.
^kjt hkjoids tkd amvds ge cmaamgos ge hkmanrdo mo gur hguotry.

28
 CJRLD^MOI CM[ GE XYMII]

PRGNTH^

Xwmiiy ms god ge tkd pgpuajr ndamvdry hgcpjomds tkjt suppamds grndrdn eggn jon bdvdrjid
mtdcs tg mts hustgcdrs. Mt kjs hrdjtdn j smoiad wmongw jon mohaundn j wmnd rjoid ge eggn
 pjragrs jon rdstjurjots uondr mts ucbrdaaj hustgcdr ogw hjo cjld j hkgmhd ergc vmsuja
cdous ge rdstjurjots mo odmikbgrkggn jon grndr goamod. Grndrmoi eggn jon idttmoi j swmet
ndamvdry kjs bdhgcd j kjssad-erdd gptmgo ergc j hustgcdr vmdwpgmot bdhjusd ge Xwmiiy.
^kd hgcpjoy kjs dstmcjtdn sdvdo kuonrdn jon emety rdstjurjots go mts pajtegrc jon
rdhdmvds odjray sdvdoty tkgusjon grndrs go cgotkay bjsms. Xwmiiy ms ogt jhhguotjbad egr
tkd qujamty ge eggn js mt goay ndamvdrs ergc god kjon
k jon tg jogtkdr.

Mo tkd hjsd ge hgcpajmots mt usujaay tjlds up tg tkd rdstjurjot mo qudstmgo. ^kd hgcpjoy
dohgurjids prgcgtmgos jon rjtmois ge rdstjurjots egr goamod ndamvdry. Xwmiiy kjs
ajuohkdn jo Go-^mcd-Ndamvdry sdrvmhd tmtadn Xwmiiy Xdadht tkjt iujrjotdds hjskbjhl me
tkd grndr ngds ogt rdjhk j hustgcdr mo stmpuajtdn tmcd-erjcd.

PAJHD

Xwmiiy kjs sprdjn mts prdsdohd tg edw hmtmds mo Monmj amld Bdoijauru, Iurijgo, Puod,
Hkdoojm, Ndakm, Kyndrjbjn, Lgaljtj jon Cucbjm. Mt kjs mts kdjnqujrtdrs bjsd jt
Bdoijauru mo Ljrojtjlj jon kjs dstjbamskdn mts hgrpgrjtd geemhds jt Kyndrjbjn mo
^dajoijoj jon Iurijgo mo Kjryjoj. Mt ms j pgpuajr jpp tkjt tjlds grndr egr eggn ndamvdry
ergc amstdn rdstjurjots go mts pgrtja. Xwmiiy kjs sdt up j strgoi jon wmndsprdjn
nmstrmbutmgo odtwgrl tg geedr prgcpt jon bdst rdsuats.

Mt kjs jo dxhausmvd eaddt ge pdrsgooda tkjt mohaunds sdrvmhds ge odjray dmikt kuonrdn
ndamvdry pdgpad wgrlmoi go-emdan. ^kdy jrd movgavdn mo pmhlmoi up grndrs ergc sdadhtdn
rdstjurjot jon ndamvdrmoi mt tg hustgcdrs. Ndamvdry bgys jrd dqumppdn wmtk Xwmiiy Jpp
jon scjrtpkgods tkjt cjld trjhlmoi ge j ndamvdry tkrguikgut rgutdmoi jaigrmtkcs djsy.

2>
Xwmiiy kjs kmrdn Xkjngwejx ^dhkogagimds, j tkmrn-pjrty ndamvdry hgcpjoy, egr pjrt-tmcd
nmstrmbutmgo mo Ndakm jon Bdoijauru.

PRMHD

Xwmiiy kjs jo dxtdosmvd wgrlegrhd jon tkms eadxmbmamty prgcpts mt tg jaagw mts hustgcdr j
 pgamhy ge og cmomcuc grndr. ^kms kjs mohrdjsdn mts hustgcdr bjsd tg j irdjt ndja.
nd ja. Xwmiiy
wjs jbad tg rjmsd 2 cmaamgo ngaajrs mo Xdrmds J euonmoi ergc Jhhda Pjrtodrs jon XJME
Pjrtodrs. Nurmoi Xdrmds B mt rjmsdn :5.4 cmaamgo ngaajrs euonmoi ergc jo uonmshagsdn
movdstcdot emrc jon Ogrwdst Udoturd Pjrtodrs. Xwmiiy kjs tmd-ups wmtk rdstjurjots tkjt
geedr j cmomcuc ge :4% tg 24% hgccmssmgo jon tkms kjs kdapdn mt mo mohrdjsmoi mts
nmstrmbutmvd hkjooda jon ijrodrmoi bdttdr rdvdouds. Mt jasg hkjrids j cmomcuc ndamvdry
edd ergc mts hustgcdr mrrdspdhtmvd ge j scjaa gr kmik jcguot grndr.

PRGCG^MGO

Xwmiiy rdjamzds tkd mcpgrtjohd ge j iggn cjrldtmoi strjtdiy jon kjs jngptdn sdvdrja
 pajos tg hrdjtd eurtkdr brjon jwjrdodss. Mt rdamds kdjvmay go cgutk pubamhmty jon j
sjtmsemdn hustgcdr ms mts irdjtdst jnvdrtmsmoi tggas js tkdy rdhgccdon tkd brjon tg ermdons
jon ejcmay. Xwmiiy kjs jngptdn goamod cjrldtmoi strjtdiy jon kjs tjldo kdap ge sghmja
cdnmj pajtegrcs amld ^wmttdr, Ejhdbggl, ]gu^ubd jon Pmotdrdst vmj moogvjtmvd jon
motdrdstmoi jn hjcpjmios amld #XmoiYmtkXwmiiy jon #NmmwjamIkjyJjym.

Mts Ejhdbggl pjid ms vdry pgpuajr jon jhtmvd js mt geedrs rdiuajr upnjtds jon dohgurjids
jhtmvd pjrtmhmpjtmgo. Xwmiiy kjs ajuohkdn moogvjtmvd vmndgs tkjt kjvd bdhgcd vdry
 pgpuajr jcgoist cjssds amld Xwmiiy Igds Motdrojtmgoja. ^kd hgcpjoy ruos hgotdsts tg
dohgurjid nmrdht pjrtmhmpjtmgo by hustgcdrs tkrguik #Xwmiiy^udsnjys jon geedrs tg
cuohk bji jon hgupgos js rdwjrns. Jkdjn ge mts ajuohk mo Cucbjm hmty, mt pjrtodrdn
wmtk pgpuajr Njbbjwjajs ge Cucbjm tg idt j bdttdr irjsp ge tkd smtujtmgo jon ajtdr usdn mt
js j prgcgtmgoja strjtdiy tg ijmo brjon dxpgsurd.

24
 CJRLD^MOI CM[ GE VGCJ^G

PRGNTH^

Vgcjtg ms jo jpp / wdbsmtd wkmhk skgws rdstjurjots jon eggn cdou tg mts usdrs. Vgcjtg
 prgvmnds tkd usdr wmtk tkd rdstjurjot ndtjmas, tkdmr mcjids, rjtds, cdous jon dvdo pgrtja
egr hustgcdrs” eddnbjhl wkdrd pdgpad hjo vgmhd tkdmr gpmomgos rdijrnmoi tkd dxpdrmdohd,
tjstd jt j pjrtmhuajr rdstjurjot. ^kms jppamhjtmgo kdaps tkd rdstjurjots wkmhk ng ogt kjvd
tkdmr gwo wdbsmtds. Mt ms j iggn wjy tg cjld tkdmr rdstjurjot vmsmbad goamod wmtkgut
cjlmoi j smtd egr tkdmr gwo. ^kd cjmo sdrvmhds mo mts cjrldtmoi cmx mohaund Pgmot ge Xjad
systdcs, Rdstjurjot Xdjrhk jon Ndamvdry, ^jbad Rdsdrvjtmgos jon cjojidcdot, Ykmtd
ajbda Jpps jon goamod grndrmoi sdrvmhds. Ykmtd ajbda ms tkd prgnuht gr sdrvmhd prgnuhdn
 by j hgcpjoy (cjmo hgcpjoy), jon mt ms usdn by jogtkdr hgcpjoy tg rdbrjon mt js me mt ms
cjnd tkdc. ^kdrd ms j nmshgotmoudn prgnuht ‛Hmtmbjol-Vgcjtg Rdstjurjot Iumnd” wkmhk
wjs j prmot vdrsmgo ge tkd wdbsmtd.

PRMHD

Vgcjtg ngds ogt hkjrid egr rdstjurjots tg put tkdmr ndtjmas go tkdmr jppamhjtmgo gr wdbsmtd.
^kd rdstjurjot jnvdrtmsmoi wkmhk Vgcjtg ngds go tkdmr smtd gr jppamhjtmgo ms tkd cjfgr
sgurhd ge tkdmr rdvdoud. Rdstjurjot jnvdrtmsmoi mohaunds bjoodrs jns egr rdstjurjots wkmhk
imvds tkdc cjxmcuc vmsmbmamty js sggo js j pdrsgo agis motg tkd jpp gr tkd smtd. Dvdot
 bjsdn jnvdrtmsmoi wkdo rdstjurjot kgan jo dvdot jon usd Vgcjtg js j cdnmuc tg
jnvdrtmsd tkdmr dvdot. ^kdrd ms j hgccmssmgo sdt go tkd tmhldt sjads tkrguik Vgcjtg. ^kdy
jasg prgvmnd hgosuatmoi sdrvmhds tg rdstjurjots tg wkdrd skguan tkd rdstjurjot hkjmos gpdo
tkdmr odxt gutadt. Vgcjtg usds vjrmgus jojaytmhja tggas tg jojayzd wkdrd tkd ndcjon amds
jon kdap tkdc wmtk tkd sgautmgo. ^kd pdrhdotjid rdvdoud nmstrmbutmgo hjo bd succjrmzdn
js uondr< rdstjurjot jnvdrtmsmoi- ;4%, dvdot jnvdrtmsmoi- 4%, dvdot tmhldt sjads- :4% ge
tkd rdvdoud.

25
PAJHD

Vgcjtg, jo goamod sdrvmhd ms jvjmajbad go Ymongws pajtegrc, Jonrgmn jon mGX pajtegrc.
Mt ms jvjmajbad mo 24 hguotrmds wkmhk mohaund Monmj, Justrjamj, TXJ, Hkmad, Cjajysmj,
Tomtdn Jrjb Dcmrjtds, Pgrtuija, Xgutk Jermhj jon cjoy cgrd. ^kd TM ms usdr ermdonay
jon kjs omod ajoiujid gptmgos vmz. Doiamsk, Mtjamjo, Xpjomsk, Pgrtuiudsd, ^urlmsk, Xagvjl,
Mongodsmjo, Pgamsk jon Mtjamjo. Jasg tkdy jrd jhtmvd go vjrmgus sghmja pajtegrcs amld
Ejhdbggl, ^wmttdr, Pmotdrdst jon Mostjirjc wkmhk jrd usdn tg d oijid wmtk hustgcdrs.

PRGCG^MGO

Vgcjtg ms logwo egr mts hgotdot cjrldtmoi strjtdiy. Mo hgotdot cjrldtmoi tkdy jmc tg
jnvdrtmsd dxtdosmvday vmj mcjids. ^kdsd mcjids rdqumrd j iamcpsd, kjvd jo mcpjht go
junmdohd jon geedr purd dotdrtjmocdot. ^kd hgotdot ms jawjys erdsk wmtk gan sjymois,
cdssjids ndamvdrdn mo j uomqud wjy mo amod wmtk tkd sdrvmhd ge Vgcjtg. ^kd sghmja cdnmj
ms jo mcpgrtjot hkjooda tg cjrldt tkdmr sdrvmhds. ^kdmr pgsts, cdssjids jrd jawjys sgcd
smcpad monustry fjrigos tkjt ms tjridtdn jt nmeedrdot junmdohd sdicdots. Jagoi wmtk pgsts
jon cdssjids, Vgcjtg kjs hgaajbgrjtmgos wmtk Pjytc, Tbdr, Eggn Bagiidrs wkmhk
nmspajy Vgcjtg js jo gptmgo egr joy eggn rdajtdn qudrmds hustgcdrs sdjrhk go tkdsd
jppamhjtmgos.

29
 XYG^ JOJA]XMX GE XYMII]

X^RDOI^KX

 Ejst ndamvdry6 - Xwmiiy ms jawjys logw egr mts ndamvdry. Mt kjs jawjys tjldo hjrd ge
tkdmr hustgcdrs by ndamvdrmoi tkdmr grndr mo tmcd.

 Xdosmbad hgcpadtd mcjid6 - Yd tkmol ge grndrmoi eggn tkd emrst ojcd wkmhk hamhls ms
swmiiy. Mt kjs ndvdagpdn j hadjo jon hrystja mcjid jcgoi hustgcdrs.

 ^rjmodn egals egr hrdjtmoi ndamvdry6 - Xwmiiy kjs wdaa trjmodn tkdmr tdjc tg cjrhk mo
cjrldt.

 Ymnd sdadhtmgo ge djtmoi pajhd geedrdn6 - ^kd cjmo usp ge swmiiy ms tkjt ms prgvmnds j
wmnd rjoid ge gptmgos ergc vjrmgus pajhds

  Odjt pjhlmoi6 - Xwmiiy ndamvdrs eggn wmtk hadjo jon kyimdomh pjhljimoi.

YDJLODXX

 Aghjtmgo bjsdn rdstjurjot emondr6 - ^krguik swmiiy ygu goay grndr eggn mo hdrtjmo
rjnmus aghjtmgo sg tkd aghjtmgo cjttdrs egr god tg grndr goamod.

 Cjrldtmoi jon brjon jwjrdodss6 - Xwmiiy oddns tg rdwgrl go tkdmr brjonmoi. tkdy
oddn tg hrdjtd sgcd cgrd cjrldtmoi strjtdiy tg sustjmo mo tkd cjrldt.

 Ndamvdry hkjrids6 - Xwmiiy hkjrids ndamvdry hkjrids egr grndrs bdagw rs.240.

 Cdou jon jpp prmhd nmeedrdohd6 - Nud tg ajhl ge hgccuomhjtmgo bdtwddo tkd
rdstjurjot gwodr”s jon swmiiy tkd upnjtdn cdou ge tkd rdstjurjot ms ogt upagjndn jon
tkms hrdjtds cmsuondrstjonmoi mo tkd cmons ge
g e hustgcdrs.

2;
GPPGR^TOM^MDX

 Pmgoddr mo eggn ndamvdry busmodss6 - Xwmiiy wjs tkd emrst pajtegrc tg motrgnuhd goamod
ndamvdry mo tkd cjrldt .tkdy kjvd skgwo odw wjy tg kgcd-ndamvdry wmtk cmomcja
hkjrids.

 Irgwmoi cjrldt pajhd egr pgtdotmja hustgcdrs6 - Xwmiiy kjs skgwo tkd pgtdotmja tg
rmsd jon irgw mo tkd cjrldt.

 Mohrdjsd mo cjrldt skjrd6 - J amttad rdbrjonmoi hjo rd irgw tkdc mo tkd cjrldt.

 Ujaud deedhtmvd jon sdosmbad qujamty eggn6 - ^kdy oddn tg mohrdjsd tkdmr zgoja
rdstjurjot bjsd tg hgcpdtd mo tkd cjrldt.

 Imvd kmikdr sdrvmhd6 - Ndamvdry skguan cd qumhldr jon og ndamvdry hkjrids.

^KRDJ^X

 Mohrdjsmoi kdjatk hgoshmgusodss6 - Hgosucdr”s ogwjnjys kjvd bdhgcd vdry cuhk

kdjatk hgoshmgus jon kjvd j pajoodn nmdt pajo egr tkd njy.

 Mohrdjsmoi pgtdotmja hgcpdtmtmgo6 - ^kguik swmiiy wjs tkd emrst god tg dotdr tkd
cjrldt ogw tkdrd jon cjoy pgtdotmja hgcpdtmtgrs jawjys hgcpdtmoi tg mohrdjsd
cjrldt skjrd dxjcpad ‘ zgcjtg, ubdr djts, eggn pjonj, dth.

  Odiamidohd ge pgtdotmja hgcpdtmtgrs6 - Ymtk mohrdjsmoi hgcpdtmtgrs mo tkd cjrldt

swmiiy cust tjld hjrd ge mts hustgcdrs jon jasg hgccuomhjtd wmtk tkd rdstjurjot
gwodr”s tg sustjmo mo tkd cjrldt.

2=
XYG^ JOJA]XMX GE XYMII]

80
 XYG^ JOJA]XMX GE VGCJ^G

X^RDOI^KX

 Dcpagys jiirdssmvd jon moogvjtmvd cjrldtmoi strjtdiy6 - zgcjtg wkmhk wjs momtmjaay
goay j rdstjurjot aghjtgr pajtegrc kjs jasg dotdrdn tkd goamod eggn ndamvdrmoi busmodss
jon kjs hrdjtdn pgtdotmja hustgcdrs tkrguik mts jiirdssmvd jon moogvjtmvd cjrldtmoi
strjtdiy.

 Xmcpad jon usdr ermdonay motdrejhd6 - ^kd cjmo rdspgosmbmamty ge dvdry brjon ms tg
 prgvmnd usdr ermdonay jpprgjhk tg mts hustgcdrs jon zgcjtg ms logwo egr mts brjonmoi
jon cjrldtmoi strjtdimds

 ^rjmodn pdgpad egr ejstdr ndamvdry6 - Vgcjtg kjs j vdry wdaa trjmodn ndamvdry stjee tg
cjrhk mo cjrldt.

 Hgvdrs wmnd rjoid ge rdstjurjot jhrgss tkd wgran6 - Vgcjtg ms ogw prdsdot mo 28
hguotrmds jon jrguon :0000 hmtmds.

  Oucbdr ge usdrs6 - Vgcjtg kjs j kuid oucbdr

o ucbdr ge
g e usdrs usmoi tkdmr jpp. Jt tkd sjcd
tmcd, tkd smtd jasg kjs =0 cmaamgo vmsmtgrs j cgotk jpprgxmcjtday. Ymtk sg cjoy usdrs
egaagwmoi tkd jpp jon smtd, tkdrd jrd cgrd rdvmdws jon kdohd cgrd hkjohds tg emon
 bdttdr rdstjurjots.

YDJLODXX

 Xdhurmty mssuds egr tkd jpp6 - J cjfgr mssud egr Vgcjtg mo tkd pjst kjs bddo sgcd
sdhurmty mssuds nud tg wkmhk tkd jpp
j pp wjs kjhldn jon jt adjst :9 cmaamgo usdrs njtj wjs
hgpmdn. Xuhk sdhurmty mssuds jrd j omiktcjrd egr motdrodt hgcpjomds.

8:
  Og hustgcmzjtmgo egr djhk tjridt cjrldt6 - zgcjtg kjs tkd stjonjrn motdrejhd jon
systdc mo dvdr hguotry bdhjusd ge wkmhk tkdrd ms og hustgcmzjtmgo gptmgo egr tkd
tjridt cjrldt.

 Xtmaa j agt ge dxpjosmgo rdqumrdn6 - Hgosmndrmoi tkjt tkd jpp kjs dstjbamskdn mo 2>
hguotrmds, tkdrd ms iggn dxpjosmgo. But jt tkd sjcd tmcd, tkd jpp kjs bddo stjrtdn 9
ydjrs bjhl jon wmtk tkd jcguot ge euonmoi jvjmajbad egr Vgcjtg, tkd dxpjosmgo hjo
 bd cuhk ejstdr. Mt ms jaagwmoi gtkdr sdrvmhds tg dstjbamsk tkdcsdavds mo tkms omhkd
 bdegrd mt rdjhkds tkdmr hguotry.

GPPGR^TOM^MDX

 Eurtkdr dxpjosmgo6 - ^kd oucbdr : gppgrtuomty egr Vgcjtg ms tg dxpjon tg cgrd

hguotrmds jon dstjbamsk mts bjsd ejstdr. Xdrvmhd monustry kjs j cjfgr prgbadc tkjt
sdrvmhds hjo bd hgpmdn vdry ejst jon vdry djsmay. Js j rdsuat, mt ms hrmtmhja egr Vgcjtg
tg dstjbamsk jon dxpjon mtsdae ejstdr.

 Cgrd jhqumsmtmgos6 - ^kdrd jrd jon wdrd cjoy

cjo y scjaa pajydrs mo tkms spjhd. Vgcjtg hjo
jhqumrd sdvdrja ge mts hgcpdtmtgrs jon jt tkd sjcd tmcd, mt kjs tg lddp jo dyd go tkd
tdhk monustry jon jhqumrd joy tdhk moogvjtmgo mt hjo idt mts kjons go tg lddp
ld dp go rmsmoi.

 Hagun rdstjurjots6 - Vgcjtg ms hgcmoi up wmtk tkd hgohdpt ge Hagun rdstjurjots

wkdrdmo rdstjurjots wmaa ogt kjvd tg idt j pkysmhja spjhd tg jhtujaay sdaa tkdmr
eggn prgnuhts. Mostdjn, tkdy hjo sdaa ergc Vgcjtg.

 Hrdjtmoi j hgccuomty6 - Vgcjtg ngds kjvd j kuid egaagwmoi but tkd usdrs ng ogt
motdrjht wmtk djhk gtkdr. Hrdjtmoi j egruc jon j hgccuomty gut ge tkd usdrs jardjny
egaagwmoi Vgcjtg hjo bd j kuid bdodemt
bd odemt egr tkd brjon.

82
^KRDJ^X

 Iggiad”s shkdcj cgnuad6 - God ge tkd cjfgr tkrdjts Vgcjtg ejhds rmikt ogw ms tkd
Xhkdcj cgnuad ge Iggiad wkdrdmo iggiad aghjtmgos mtsdae ms idttmoi mo rdstjurjot
rdhgccdonjtmgos. Dvdo iggiad kgcdpjid skgws tkd iggiad cjps pjid wkdrd ygu
hjo sdjrhk egr rdstjurjots wmtkmo ygur aghjamty. Iggiad bdmoi suhk j bmi brjon,
zgcjtg ejhds kuid hgcpdtmtmgo ergc tkdc.

 Cjrldt egaagwdrs jon hkjaadoidrs6 - Mo tkd sdrvmhd monustry, mt ms vdry djsy tg rdpamhjtd
tkd suhhdss ge jogtkdr sdrvmhd prgnuht gr geedrmoi. Xmcmajray, cjrldtmoi egaagwdrs jon
hkjaadoidrs hjo sagway tjld jwjy tkd cjrldt
cj rldt skjrd ge Vgcjtg.

88
 J HGCPRDKDOXMUD JOJA]XMX GE CJRLD^MOI

X^RJ^DI] GE XYMII]

XYMII] ‘ PRMHMOI X^RJ^DI]

HGCPD^M^MUD PRMHMOI

XYMII]

PRMHD NMXHGTO^X IRJB GO HGTPGOX 28 HGTPGOX

JON JAAGYJOHD

PRGCG^MGOJA EMRX^ ^MCD GRNDR TXDR YMAA ID^ J

PRMHMOI HJXKBJHL GE 20% GO
EMRX^ XYMII] GRNDR
PJMN UMJ PJ] ^C TP^G
RX. 94

NMEEDRDO^MJ^DN NDAMUDR] HKJRIDX ^KD HGCPJO]

PRMHMOI HKJRIDX RX 80->0 JX
NDAMUDR] EDD GO ^KD
GRNDRX YKMHK JRD
BDAGY RX. :40-240,
YKMHK UJRMDX JHRGXX
NGEEDRDO^ HM^MDX

XD^^MOI ^KD HGCCMXXMGO DJRODN :0-:4% GE ^KD GRNDR

PRMHD ERGC RDX^JTRJO^ UJATD PAJHDN

8>
X^P PRGHDXX

XDICDO^J^MGO

Xdicdotjtmgo ge swmiiy ms ngod bjsdn go tkd jttrmbutds bdagw -

:. Ndcgirjpkmh sdicdotjtmgo

 Jid
 Amedstyad
 Idondr
 Huaturd
2. Idgirjpkmh sdicdotjtmgo
8. Bdkjvmgrja sdicdotjtmgo
>. Psyhkgirjpkmh sdicdotjtmgo

^JRID^MOI

^jridt irgup ms cjnd ge ig ‘ idttdrs wmtk j zdja ge amed. Ykmad tkdy cjy ogt kjvd tkd
tmcd tg pajo tkdmr cdjas, tkdy stmaa wjot tkd bdst jon hkgmhdst eggn gptmgos ndamvdrdn jt tkd
tguhk ge tkd buttgo. ^kd tjridtmoi
t jridtmoi irgup jrd-

:. 20-80 ydjrs gan

2. Hgaadid stundots
8. Ygrlmoi prgedsstmgojas
>. d-hgccdrhd sjvvy
4.  pdgpad wkg jrd amvmoi jwjy ergc tkdmr kgcdtgwo.

84
PGXM^MGOMOI

^kd pgsmtmgomoi ms dxpajmodn by PGN”s jon PGP”s ge Xwmiiy hgcpjrdn tg mts

hgcpdtmtgrs.

:. Pgmot ge nmeedrdohd (PGN”s)

 Zumhldr ndamvdry tmcd
 Nmeedrdot busmodss cgnda
 Prmvjtd eaddt
 HGN jvjmajbad.

2. Pgmots ge pjrmty (PGP”s)

 Xmcmajr sdrvmhds
 Xmcmajr rdstjurjot amstmois
 Tostjbad cjrldt bjsd
 Brjonmoi tdhkomquds

85
 CJRLD^MOI MOXMIK^X

GOAMOD CJRLD^MOI

NMIM^JA/XGHMJA CD
CD MJ CJRLD^MOI

EJHDBGGL JNUDR^MXMOI

Ejhdbggl jnvdrtmsdcdots jrd bjsmhjaay usdn tg rdjhk gut j ajrid tjridt unmdohd tkrguik
 prgpdr sdjrhk doimod g tmcmzjtmgo j hgcpjoy hj
hjo rdjhk mt
mts tjridt junmdohd tkrguik
ejhdbggl jn
jns jo
jon pr
prgcg
cgttmgo wkdrd ejhdbggl prgcgtds tkd hgcpjoy”s pr gnuhts.

Xwmiiy kjs j vdry iggn kgan go ejhdbggl stjrtdn mo 20:4 swmiiy kjs tjridtdn j wmnd
junmdohd tkrguik prgpdr jaag
jaaghj
hjtm
tmgo
go ge rdsg
rdsgur
urhd
hdss swmiiy
swmiiy kjs
kjs jrg
jrguon
uon ;90
;90000 egaagwdrs go
mts
mts pji
pjidd jon
jon ;5>
;5>000
000 pdgp
pdgpad wkg amld tkd pjid.

89
MOX^JIRJC PGX^X J ON X^GRMDX

D o h g u r j i d n b y t k d p g mtmvd
mtmvd rdsuat
rdsuats,
s, Xwmi
Xwmiiy
iy movds
movdstdn
tdn eurtkd
eurtkdrr mo j s mo Mostjirjc
Xtgrmds. ^kd brjon put tgidt
gidtkd
kdrr jppd
ppdjam
jamoi eggn
ggn mcji
mcjidr
dryy wmtk
mtk dot
dotmhmoi hgpy mo j
v d rt m hj a eu aa -s h rd do eg cjt egr
egr jo mccdrsmvd
mccdrsmvd dxpdrmdohd.
dxpdrmdohd. Xwmiiy tkdo rjo tkd
Mo st j i r jc X tg rm d s h jc j m i o g v d r 8 cg o tk s , r dj hk mo i g u t tg o d w p tdotmja usdrs mo
t k d :4 hmt md s w k dr d X wmiiy gpdrjtds.

Xwmiiy
Xwmiiy wjs god ge tk emrst mo Monmj tg jngpt jns mo Mostjirjc tgrmds, jon kjs
suhhdsseuaay jttrjhtdn j o y o ddw
w j pp us
us d r s. ^g
^g n j y,
y, tk d j ns
ns m o X tgrmds pajhdcdot
cjlds up :0% ge mts cjrldtmoi cmx go Ejhdbggl, Mostjirjc jon Junmdohd
 Odtwg
 Odt wgrl.
rl. ^k
^kdd hjcp
hj cpjm
jmiio, wkmhk rjo
rjo bdtwddo Fjoujry
Fjoujry :‘Cjrhk
:‘Cjrhk 8:, 20:;, rdsuatdn
mo6

 8 0% ag
ag w d r h gs
gst pd r m ost j a a u sm o i Mo st ji
ji r jc X t g rm ds
ds ( hg c jrdn tg gtkdr
hjcpjmios)

 : 9% m o hr d j sd m o j  p mostj
mos tjaas
aas usmo
us moi
i Mostj
Mos tjirj
irjcc Xtgr
Xt grmd
mdss (hgc
(h gc pjrd
 pj rdn
n tg gtkd
gt kdrr
hjcpjmios)

8;
^YM^^DR

^krguik twmttdr swmiiy  prgcgtds mts brjon mo cgst deemhmdot wjy. ^ rguik twmttdr mt
 prgcgtd tkd swmiiy hjc jmios,
jmios, swmiiy dvdots, hustgcdr
hustgcdr dxpdrmdo
dxpdrmdohd
hd jo jasg usds twmttdr
tg motr
motrgn
gnuh
uhdd odw
odw geed
geedrs
rs j n nmshguots tg hgosucdrs.

Xwmiiy
Xwmiiy kjs jrguon
jrguon :>.9
:>.9 twdd
twddts
ts go mts jhhg
jhhguo
uott wm
wmtk 55.4
55.4l
l pdg
pdgpa
padd ega
egaag
ag moi mts pjid jon
4.4l amlds
amlds jrd jnndn
jnndn tg
tg mt  pjids

8=
DCJMA JNUDR^MXMOI

Xwmiiy, Monmj's ajridst eggn grndrmoi jon ndamvdry pajtegrc hrdjtdn j odw rdhgrn mo Dcjma
Cjrldtmoi by jhkmdvmoi j Hamhl ^krguik Rjtd (H^R) ge 9%, Gpdo Rjtd ge 24% go j usdr
 bjsd ge cmaamgos. Ymtk tkd jvdrjid monustry stjonjrn bdmoi :-:.4%, Xwmiiy's hjcpjmio
kjs sdt j odw bdohkcjrl mo Dcjma Cjrldtmoi.

>0
^DADUMXMGO CJRLD^MOI

Jcgoi tkd rdjcs ge MPA jns rgaadn gut, me tkdrd ms god jn tkjt ms surd tg cjld ygu hkuhlad
wmtkgut mo-ygur-ejhd jnvdrtmsmoi, mt ms Xwmiiy”s iuajb fjcuo jn wkmhk skgws jo gan cjo
grndrmoi jon rdamskmoi j iuajb fjcuo wmtkgut adttmoi kms wmed logw. Ymtk smcpad mosmikt
jon mts brmaamjot dxdhutmgo, Xwmiiy's omcbad jpprgjhk kjs kdapdn rdmoegrhd tkjt me j brjon
tdaas j stgry wdaa, mt ms surd tg sdaa. Xtmhlmoi tg tkms trutk, tkd brjon wmtodssdn j 24%
irgwtk mo grndrs nurmoi MPA.

Xwmiiy kjs ijrodrdn smiomemhjot irgwtk mo grndrs jon odw usdr jhqumsmtmgos pgst tkd MPA
sdjsgo. ^kd brjon jasg skjrdn tkjt tkdrd kjs bddo gvdr j :0[ mohrdjsd mo hgosucdrs
sdjrhkmoi egr iuajb fjcuos go tkd pajtegrc pgst tkd jn.

>:
GEEAMOD CJRLD^  OI

KGJRNMOIX/ BMAA BGJRNX

Xwmi
Xwmiiy
iy kjs
kjs vdr
vdry
y jtt
jttrj
rjht
htmm d jo
jon dy
dyd hj
hjthkm
thkmoi
oi kgjr
kgjrnm
nmoi
oi tg hr
hrdjt
djtd j brjo
brjon
n m jid mo tkd cmon
ge hgosucdr.

PRMO^ JNX

 Odwspjpdrs, cjijzmods, pjcpkadts jrd tkd prmot cdnmj usdn tg cjrldt s miiy.

>2
X^GRD CJRLD^MOI

Jaa tkd stgrds wkmhk jrd pjrtodrs wmtk swmiiy kjvd tkdsd typds ge stmhldrs, tjpds jon
kjoidrs mo wkmhk swmiiy jnvdrtmsds mtsdae.

>8
 J HGCPRDKDOXMUD X^TN] GE CJRLD^MOI

X^RJ^DI] GE VGCJ^G

VGCJ^G ‘ PRMHMOI X^RJ^DI].

HGCPD^D^MUD PRMHMOI

VGCJ^G

PRMHD NMXHGTO^X JON IRJB GO HGTPGOX > HGTPGOX

JAAGYJOHD

PRGCG^MGOJA EMRX^ ^MCD GRNDR ID^ :4% GEE TP^G

PRMHMOI RX.:00 GO ]PTR EMRX^
GRNDR YM^K ^KD
HGND DJ^MO YKDO
]GT PJ] GOAMOD

NMEEDRDO^MJ^DN NDAMUDR] HKJRIDX OG NDAMUDR]

PRMHMOI HKJRIDX

XD^^MOI ^KD PRMHD HGCCMXXMGO DJRODN :0% GE ^KD GRNDR

ERGC RDX^JTRJO^ UJATD PAJHDN

>>
X^P PRGHDXX

XDICDO^J^MGO

Xdicdotjtmgo ge Vgcjtg ms ngod go tkd bjsms ge jttrmbutds bdagw6-

:. Ndcgirjpkmh sdicdotjtmgo

 Jid
 Amedstyad
 Idondr
 Huaturd
2. Idgirjpkmh sdicdotjtmgo
  Ogrtk
 Xgutk
 Djst
 Ydst
8. Bdkjvmgrja sdicdotjtmgo
>. Psyhkgirjpkmh sdicdotjtmgo

^JRID^MOI

^jridt irgup ms cjnd ge ig ‘ idttdrs wmtk j zdja ge amed. Ykmad tkdy cjy ogt kjvd tkd
tmcd tg pajo tkdmr cdjas, tkdy stmaa wjot tkd bdst jon hkgmhdst eggn gptmgos ndamvdrdn jt tkd
tguhk ge tkd buttgo. ^kd tjridtmoi
t jridtmoi irgup jrd-

:. 20-80 ydjrs gan

2. Hgaadid stundots
8. Ygrlmoi prgedssmgojas
>. d-hgccdrhd sjvvy
4.  pdgpad wkg jrd amvmoi jwjy ergc tkdmr kgcdtgwo.

>4
PGXM^MGOMOI

^kd pgsmtmgomoi ms dxpajmodn by tkd PGN”s jon PGP”s ge Vgcjtg hgcpjrdn tg mts
hgcpdtmtgrs.

:. Pgmot ge nmeedrdohd (PGN”s)

 Zumhldr ndamvdry tmcd
 Nmeedrdot busmodss cgnda
 Prmvjtd eaddt
 HGN jvjmajbad.
 Goamod pjycdots jon hjskbjhls

2. Pgmots ge pjrmty (PGP”s)

 Xmcmajr sdrvmhds
 Xmcmajr rdstjurjot amstmois
 Tostjbad cjrldt bjsd
 Brjonmoi tdhkomquds

>5
 CJRLD^MOI MOXMIK^X

GOAMOD CJRLD^M I

NMIM^JA/XGHMJA DNMJ CJRLD^MOI

EJHDBGGL JNUD ^MXMOI

Ejhdbggl jnvdrtmsdcdots jrd bjsmhjaay usdn tg rdjhk gut j ajrid tjridt unmdohd tkrguik
 prgpdr sdjrhk doimod g tmcmzjtmgo j hgcpjoy hjo rdjhk mts tjridt unmdohd tkrguik
ejhdbggl jn
jns jo
jon pr
prgcg
cgttmgo wkdrd ejhdbggl prgcgtds tkd hgcpjoy”s pr gnuhts.

Vgcjtg kjs j vdry rdp tdn go ejhdbggl stjrtdn mo 200; zgcjtg kjs tjridtdn j wmnd
junmdohd tkrguik prgpdr brjon pgsmtmgomoi jon wdaa pajoodn cjrldtmoi strjtdiy. Vgcjtg
kjs jrguon :5 ajlk egaag drs go mts pjid jon :5 ajlk pdgpad wkg amld tkd pjid.

>9
MOX^JIRJC PGX^X J ON X^GRMDX

Vgc
gcjt
jtg
g kjs
kjs jrgu
jrguon
on := l egaagwdrs jon upnjtds mt pjid dvdrynjy on jttrjhts odw
hgosucdrs

^YM^^DR

Vgcjtg js mts prdsdot mo 8 hguotrmds kjs jrguon :.>: cmaamgo egaagwdrs

>;
DUDO^ BJXDN CJRLD^MOI

Mo dvdot bjsdn cjrldtmoi zgc

zgcjtg kjs
kjs j mts gwo eggn jon dot
dotdrtjmo
jmocdot
dot hjromvja logwo js
‛VGC
‛VGCJA
JAJO
JON”
N” wkdr
wkdrdd m zgcjtg
zgcjtg grijo
grijomzds
mzds tkd dvdo
dvdots
ts mo
mo nmeed
nmeedrdo
rdott hmtm
hmtm s jon brmois up
dotdr
dotdrtj
tjmo
modrs
drs ergc
ergc tkd
tkd ema
ema monustry jon kjvd jo dvdot ge njohd, cusmh, tjon up hgcdny
sdts, jon cjoy cgrd dx
dxhmtmoi dvdots.

Rdhdotay zgcjtg kj
kjn t dmr dvdot
dvdot mo
mo Bdoijauru,
Bdoijauru, Monmj.
Monmj. ^kd
^kd zgcjajo
zgcjajon edstmvja kjn j
junmdohd ge jrguon :4l dgpa
gpad pjrtmhmpjtmoi mo tk
tkd dvdot. ^k
^kdrd wdr
wdrd st oomoi jttrjhtmgos
cjlmoi dvdry hgrodr pmhturdsqud, mohrdnmbad dotdrtjmocdot tkjt sdt jo adhtrmeymoi vmbd,
jon jbgvd jaa, irdjt eggn hurjtdn motg cuatmpad humsmod-bjsdn zgods.

>=
GEEAMOD CJRLD^MOI

KGJRNMOIX JON BMAABGJRNX

Vgcjtg kjs j vdry uomqud wjy ge brgjnhjstmoi mtsdae mo cjrldt vmj tkd geeamod cjrldtmoi
strjtdimds wkdrd tkd jns jon tkd kgjrnmoi jrd vdry
vd ry skgrt jon go pgmot cjrldtmoi ms ngod ge
tkd hgcpjoy. ^kd jns jon kgjrnmoi bjsmhjaay mohaund scjaa stjtdcdots, pkrjsds, cgvmd
nmjagiud, jon cjoy suhk tjiamods tg jttrjht tkd hustgcdr tgwjrns tkd brjon.

^kguik bmaabgjrn jnvdrtmsmoi ms vdry dxpdosmvd tkoi but j brjon tg hrdjtd j mcjid mo tkd
cmon ge j hustgcdr mt ms vdry odhdssjry tg jttrjht tkdc by
b y tkdsd lmon ge cjrldtmoi.

40
PRMO^ JNX

Prmot jns bjsmhjaay j tkgsd egrc ge jnvdrtmsmoi cdnmj wkdrd pjcpkadts, odwspjpdrs,
cjijzmod, jon cjoy suhk gut ge kgcd jnvdrtmsmoi ms ngod.

Vgcjtg kjs mts hgcpjoy brgjnhjstdn dvdrywkdrd mo odwspjpdr, cjijzmod, pjcpkadts,

jon jaa gtkdr typds ge gut ge kgcd(GGK) jnvdrtmsmoi. Vgcjtg bjsmhjaay usds tkms prmot jns
tg motrgnuhd dvdots, odw prgnuhts geedrs, nmshguots, jon hgupgos tg jttrjht tjridt
junmdohd.

4:
 EMUD X^JID BT]MOI PRGHDXX GE XYMII]

Jhhgrnmoi tg j survdy ngod, 50% ge tkd pdgpad kjvd usdn swmiiy

PRGBADC MNDO^MEMHJ^MGO

Yky nmn ygu stjrt usmoi7

 Djsy, hgovdomdot jon jhhdpts goamod pjycdots jon jasg kjs eadxmbad hjsk go ndamvdry
gptmgo

 Xgcd ge tkd rdstjurjot nmn ogt kjvd tkd ndamvdry gptmgo wkmhk wjs jvjmajbad tkrguik
swmiiy.

 Hgovdomdohd ge grndrmoi eggn jt nggrstdp

 Goamod grndrmoi jo deemhmdot wjy ge idttmoi eggn ndamvdrdn jon jasg amvd trjhmoi
gptmgos jvjmajbad wkmhk kdaps mo trjhmoi tkd grndr.

 Cjoy geedrs jon nmshguots wkmhk jttrjht pdgpad tg grndr goamod tkrguik swmii y

 Tsdr ermdonay motdrejhd ge mts jpp jon wdbsmtd wkmhk dojbads tg jttrjht j ajridr tjridt
junmdohd.

 Ymnd vjrmdty ge rdstjurjots.

42
MOEGRCJ^MGO XD RHK

Moegrcjtm
Moegrcjtmgo
go sdjrhk
sdjrhk jbgu
jbgut kgw cjoy pdgpad logw jbgut swmiiy jon kdrd tkdy kjvd
sddo tkdc.

DUJATJ^MGO GE A^DROJ^MUDX

48
 PTRHKJXMOI ND MXMGO

 Ogwjnjys, pdgpad kjvd hkjoidn tkdmr buymoi pjttdro jon jrd agglmoi egr hgovdomdohd
rjtkdr tkjo prmhd mo gr drmoi eggn goamod tkrguik swmiiy. Xwmiiy ms logw egr mts
hgovdomdohd jon jetdr hg vdomdohd mts prmhd jon vjrmdty ge gptmgos.

PGX^ PTRHKJXD UJATJ^MGO

Ykjt nmn hgosucdrs amld jbgut swmiiy7

 Ujaud egr cgody

 Gptmgos ge rdstjurjot

 Djsy jon hgovdomdot g usd

Ykjt prgbadcs nmn hgos cdrs ejhd usmoi swmiiy jon mts sdrvmhds7

  Oddn tg jnn cgrd rds jurjot

jurjot jon
jon skguan
skguan cmom
cmomcmzd
cmzd tkd ndamvdr
ndamvdry
y hkjri
hkjri s

4>
 EMUD X^J D BT]MOI PRGHDXX GE VG J^G

PRGBADC MNDO^M MHJ^MGO

Yky nmn ygu stjrt usmoi gcjtg7

 zgcjtg wjs tkd emrs

emrs jppamhjtmgo ge mts typds wkdrd rdstjurjots jn tmdn up wmtk
zgcjtg jon zgcjtg usdn tg nmspajy tkd rdstjurjot go mts jppamhjtmgo.

 Vgcjtg stjrtmoi js j rdstjurjot

rdstjurjot emondr
emondr wjs goay mo amstmoi
amstmoi rdstjurjo
rdstjurjots jon rdvmdwmoi
tkdc jo
jon tk
tkdo je
jetdr e w ydjrs dotdrdn motg goamod eggn grndrmoi jon damvdry busmodss

 ^krguik zgcjtg mt bdhjcd djsy egr rdstjurjots wkg kjn ndamvdry prg adcs

 Vgcjtg ngds ogt hkj ids joy ndamvdry hkjrids ergc hgosucdrs.

 Tsdr
Tsdr ermd
ermdon
onay
ay motd
motdre
rejj d egr grnd
grndrm
rmoi
oi goamo
goamodd kjs
kjs kdapdn
kdapdn ijmo
ijmo hgcpdt
hgcpdtmm mvd jnvjotjid mo
tkd cjrldt

 Hgovdomdot jon djsy ndamvdry wmtk tkd tmcd prgcmsdn jon amvd grndr trjhlmoi.

MOEGRCJ^MGO XDJ HK

44
DUJATJ^MGO GE A^DROJ^MUDX

PTRHKJXMOI NDHMXMGO

Ykjt
Ykjt ng ygu
ygu hgosm
hgosmnd
nd wkmad grndrmoi ergc zgcjtg7

:>

:2

:0

>
Xdrmds:
2

45
PGX^ PTRHKJXD DUJATJ^MGO
D UJATJ^MGO

Ykjt nmn ygu amld jbgut zgcjtg7

 Rdstjurjot amstmois

 Amvd grndr trjhlmoi

 Vgcjtg igan

Ykjt prgbadc nmn hgosucdrs ejhd usmoi zgcjtg jon mts sdrvmhds7

 Jppamhjtmgo iamthk

  Oddn tg jnn cgrd rdstjurjots

49
 NJ^J JOJA]XMX JON MO^DPRJ^J^M O

^kdrd wdrd tgtja ge 88 dspgon

dspgondot
dots.
s. ^kdrd
^kdrd wdrd
wdrd cjmoay
cjmoay 4 jid irgups
irgups m.d :0.-20, 2:-80,
8:->0, >:-40, 40-jbgvd.

^kdd cjf
^k cjfgr
grmmty ge pdgp
pdgpaad wdrd ergc jid irgup 2:- jbgvd.

^kd ji
jid irgup
gup :0-20 hj
hj d sdhgon

^kd tkmrn jid irgup ms 8: ->0 wmtk jrguon

 ^kd egurtk jid irgup ms 0 jon jbgvd.

4;
Gut ge 88 rdspgondots =0.=% ge pdgpad grndr goamod

Goay =.:% ng ogt grndr tkr uik goamod pajtegrc

4=
Mo tkd tgtja ge 88 rdspgond ts 92.
92.9%
9% ge tkd pdgpad
pdgpad grndr
grndr tkrguik
tkrguik goamo
goamod
d ndam
ndamv
v ry pajtegrc

29.
29.8% pdgpad grndr ergc Aghja rdstjurjot ndamvdry.

50
 Gut ge 88 rdspgondots

:5 pdgpa
dgpad
d mo
mo tkd
tkd wkga
wkgad
d su
sur dy grndr eggn ergc swmiiy.

:9 pdgpa
dgpad
d mo
mo tkd
tkd wkga
wkgad
d su
sur dy grndr eggn ergc zgcjtg.

Goay j smoiad pdrsgo mo tkd wkgad survdy grndr eggn ergc eggn pjonj.

:0 pdgpad ergc tkd wkgad urvdy grndr eggn ergc ubdr djts

2 mo
monmvmn
mvmnu
ujas
jas grn
grndr
dr ergc
rgc gt
gt dr goamod ndamvdry pajtegrc

5:
Gut ge 88 rdspgondots

5.:% pdgpad kjvd

kjvd sddo swmiiy jnvdrtmsdcdot go odwspjpdr

>2.>%
>2.>% monmvm
monmvmnu
nujas
jas kjvd
kjvd sdd swmiiy jnvdrtmsdcdots go tdadvmsmgo

9;.;% wkmhk ms tkd kmikdst kjs sddo swmiiy jnvdrtmsdcdots go sghmja cdnmj

=.:%
=.:% ge monmv
monmvmnu
mnujas
jas kjs
kjs sdd
sdd swmiiy jnvdrtmsdcdots go bmaabgjrns.

52
Gut ge 88 rdspgondots

5.:%
5.:% pdgp
pdgpaad kjv
kjvd
d sdd
sddo
o zgc
zgcjtg jnvdrtmsdcdots go odwspjpdr

85.>% pdgpad kjvd sddo zgcjtg jnvdrtmsdcdots go tdadvmsmgo

;:.;% pdgpad kjvd sddo zgcjtg jnvdrtmsdcdots go sghmja cdnmj

:2.:% pdgpad kjvd sddo zgcjtg jnvdrtmsdcdots go bmaabgjrns

58
Gut ge 88 rdspgondots,

50.5
50.5%
% pdg
pdgpa
pad
d kjv
kjvd
d egu
eguon
on t d hgupgo hgnd jon geedrs prgvmndn by swmiiy jon zgcjtg bdodemhmja

88.8% pdgpad
pdgpad emon
emon tkjt goa sgcdtmcds tkd hgupgo hgnds jon geedrs jrd bdode mhmja

Jon tkd rdcjmomoi jcguot ge pdrhdot

pdrhdotjid
jid tkmol
tkmol tkjt
tkjt hgupgo
hgupgo hgnds
hgnds jon geedr
geedr j d ogt jt jaa
bdodemhmja

5>
Ykdo jsldn jbgut tkd hustgcdr sdrvmhd
sdrvmhd prgvmndn by swmiiy,
swmiiy, zgcjtg
zgcjtg jon gtkdr hgcpjomds mt
wjs eguon tkjt

>4.4% pdgpad emon zgcjtg jvmoi bdttdr hustgcdr sdrvmhd mo tkd cjrldt

88.8%
88.8% mon
monmv
mvmn
mnuj
ujas
as emo
emon
n swm
swmi
i y kjs bdttdr hustgcdr sdrvmhd

Jon rdcj
dcjmomoi 2:.2% monmvmnujas emon gtkdr hgcpdtmtgrs kjvd bdttdr hustgcdr sdrvmhd

54
88 rdspgondots wkg wdrd jsldn tg rjtd swmiiy bdtwddo :-4 kjvd rdspgondn

:> monmvmnujas kjvd rjtdn > stjr tg swmiiy

; mon
monmv
mvmn
mnuj
ujas
as kjvd
kjvd rjtd
rjtdn
n 4 stjr tg swmiiy

; mon
monmv
mvmn
mnuj
ujas
as kjvd
kjvd rjtd
rjtdn
n 8 stjr tg swmiiy

Jon goay 8 monmvmnujas kjvd rjtdn 2 stjr tg swmiiy

55
88 rdspgondots wkg wdrd sldn tg rjtd zgcjtg
zgcjtg bdtwddo :-4 kjvd rdspgondn

:: monmvmnujas kjvd rjtdn > stjr tg zgcjtg

9 mon
monmv
mvmn
mnuj
ujas
as kjvd
kjvd rjtd
rjtdn
n 4 stjr tg zgcjtg

:2 monmvmnujas kjvd rjtdn 8 stjr tg zgcjtg

Jon goay 2 monmvmnujas kjvd rjtdn 2 stjr tg zgcjtg.

59
 HGOHATXMGO

^kd eggn ndamvdry ajonshjpd kjs bddo uondrigmoi smiomemhjot hkjoid mo tkd ajst edw ydjrs.
Mt ms ogw pgssmbad tg idt euaay prdpjrdn cdjas ergc gur ejvgrmtd rdstjurjots ndamvdrdn tg
gur nggr, cjlmoi mt hgovdomdot jon tmcd sjvmoi. ^kms kjs adn tg cjssmvd irgwtk ge tkd
eggn ndamvdry hgcpjomds jon gtkdr rdajtdn monustrmds, suhk js Vgcjtg, Xwmiiy, TbdrDjts
dth tg hjpmtjamzd go tkd oddn egr ndamvdry sgautmgos egr rdstjurjots. Goamod eggn ndamvdry
jpps , jo jppamhjtmgo js j sdjrhk doimod egr jaa eggn ndamvdry jpps jrd deemhmdot jon
deedhtmvd mo rdja-tmcd js ygu hjo kjvd ygur joy ge ygur ejvgrmtd rdstjurjot eggns jt tkd
hgcegrt ge ygur kgcd gr ygur geemhd ndsl.

Cy emonmois monmhjtd tkjt ]guoi hustgcdrs jrd cgrd amlday tg usd goamod, cgbmad gr tdxt
grndrmoi. ]guoi hustgcdrs pajhd j irdjtdr vjaud go hgovdomdohd jon spddn tkjo gandr
usdrs ng. Jon jasg tkjt hustgcdr prdedr jon jrd jwjrd ge jon emon cuatm rdstjurjot cgbmad
jppamhjtmgos jon wdbsmtds amld Vgcjtg, Xwmiiy dth cgrd hgovdomdot tg grndr tkjo
Monmvmnuja cgbmad jppamhjtmgo gr wdbsmtds.

Xwmiiy kjs ndvdagpdn j prgnuht egr tkd deemhmdot prghdssmoi jon cjojidcdot ge goamod
eggn monustry wkmhk ndamvdr eggn jt hustgcdrs nggr stdp. ^kms wmaa bggsts tkd busmodss ge
tkd rdstjurjots jon kgtdas. ^kms wdbsmtd jppamhjtmgo ms hjpjbad tg euaemaa tkd hustgcdr”s
rdqumrdcdots js wdaa js tg cjojid rdstjurjot”s wgrlagjn.

But smohd dvdry hgmo kjs twg smnds, dvdo goamod eggn grndrmoi kjs edw
nmsjnvjotjids/hkjaadoids tkjt jrd ejhdn by mts hustgcdrs. Eggn jrrmvmoi hgan, pjhljimoi
ogt uptg tkd cjrl jrd sgcd ge tkd mssuds ejhdn by tkd hustgcdrs egaagwdn by Cgbmad
jppamhjtmgo ogt wgrlmoi gr agjnmoi, ogt usdr ermdonay jon jasg nmeemhuaty mo usmoi tkdc.
^kd motdrejhd ge tkd jpp oddns mcprgvdcdot jagoi wmtk hustgcdr hjrd sdrvmhds.

Mospmtd ge tkdsd prgbadcs ejhdn, cjoy ge tkdc ydt gpt egr goamod eggn grndrmoi tkrguik
swmiiy jon gtkdr suhk eggn ndamvdry jpps gvdr gtkdr wjys ge eggn grndrmoi bdhjusd ge mts
vjrmgus jnvjotjids jon tkms ms tkd rdjsgo tkms monustry ms bggcmoi. ^g hgohaund,
hustgcdrs wmaa jpprdhmjtd ogt kjvmoi tg wjmt mo agoi qududs jon idttmoi tkdmr eggn
ndamvdrdn go tmcd jt tkdmr hgovdomdohd.

5;
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 JOOD[TRD

Z. Jid

 :0-20
 2:-80
 8:->0
 >:-40
 40 & Jbgvd

Z. Ng ygu grndr eggn

eggn goamod7

 yds
 og

Z. Ergc wkdrd ng ygu idodrjaay grndr eggn7

 Goamod ndamvdry pajtegrc

 Aghja rdstjurjot ndamvdry

Z. Go wkmhk goamod grndrmoi pajtegrc ng ygu getdo grndr eggn7

 Xwmiiy
 Vgcjtg
 Eggn pjonj
 Tbdr djts
 Gtkdrs

Z. Go wkmhk pajtegrc ng ygu getdo sdd swmiiy jnvdrtmsmoi7

 Odwspjpdrs
 ^dadvmsmgo
 Xghmja cdnmj
 bmaabgjrns

Z. Go wkmhk pajtegrc ng ygu getdo sdd zgcjtg jnvdrtmsmoi7

 Odwspjpdrs
 ^dadvmsmgo
 Xghmja cdnmj
 Bmaabgjrns

90
Z. Jhhgrnmoi tg ygu, jrd tkd hgupgo hgnd jon geedrs prgvmndn by swmiiy jon zgcjtg jrd
bdodemhmja 7

 ]ds
 Og
 Cjy bd

Z. Ykmhk brjon prgvmnds

prgvmnds bdttdr hustgcdr
hustgcdr sdrvmhd7

 Xwmiiy
 Vgcjtg
 gtkdrs

Z. Go tkd shjad ge :-4, rjtd egr swmiiy7

 :
 2
 8
 >
 4

Z. Go tkd shjad ge :-4, rjtd egr zgcjtg7

 :
 2
 8
 >
 4

9: