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C21507
C21507
C21507
Lecture Objectives
To be able to apply the principles of interphase
mass transfer to Gas Absorption
Equilibrium Relations
Graphical Representation
Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients
To be able to obtain properties of packings
Types of Packings
Packing
P ki Ch Characteristics
t i ti
To be able to calculate the following for a packed
column:
Flooding Velocity
Column Diameter
©UST Ch.E. Department
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Equilibrium Relations
Ideal System (Ideal Gas, Raoult’s Law)
y = PAo x/P PAo= vapor pressure
P = total pressure
Dilute System (Ideal Gas, Henry’s Law)
y = HA x/P HA= Henry’s Constant
P = total p
pressure
Common Solubility Data
y = PA/P x = [CA/MA]/[CA/MA+100/18]
PA = equilibrium partial pressure
CA = weight solute/100 wts water; MA = MW
©UST Ch.E. Department
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Graphical Representation
Basic Lines Needed:
d d Equilibrium
lb and
d Operating Lines
Graphical Representation
At steady state:
NAG = NAL
y1
Operating Line ky(y – yi) = kx(xi - x)
y
y Tie Line
Equilibrium Tie Line Equation:
yi Line
y2 kx y - yi
- =
ky x - xi
x2 x xi x1 = slope of tie line
x
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Graphical Representation
NAG = ky (y – yi)
y
NAG = Ky (y – y*)
yi
NAL = kx (xi - x)
y*
NAL = Kx (x* - x)
x xi x*
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Graphical Representation
Relationships:
NAG = ky (y – yi) = Ky (y – y*)
NAL = kx (xi - x) = Kx (x* - x)
From the Graph:
y – y* = (y – yi) + (yi – y*)
y
y – y*
Slope EL = m = i
xi - x
yi
y*
(yi – y*) = m (xi – x)
NAG NAG m NAL
= +
x xi Ky ky kx
x*
1 1 m
= +
Ky ky kx
©UST Ch.E. Department
Types of Packings:
Packingss
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Gv1 = f GF
Gv1 = entering gas mass velocity
f = fraction, taken as 0.62 if not specified
©UST Ch.E. Department
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Procedure
1. Solve Gv1 = f GF
2. Solve entering mass rate of gas
(wV1)
wV1 = V1 MV1
3. Cross Sectional Area, S = wV1/Gv1
4. Diameter = [4/ S]0.5
Example
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Solution
y1 x2
y1 .22 Y1 Y1 0.28205 x2 0 X2
1 y1 1 x2
Rec 0.95 r 1.5 Ma 17 Mb 29 Ms 18 X2 0
Y2
Pt 1140 Y2 ( 1 Rec) Y1 Y2 0.0141 y2
1 Y2 y2 0.01391
Solution
Equilibrium Data:
i 1 12 C P 18
Xe
i
i i Xe C xe
i i 1700 i 1 Xe
20 260 i
15 179
10 110
7.5 79.7 P Ye
i i
5 51 Ye ye
4 40.1
i Pt P i 1 Ye
i i
3 29.6
2.5 24.4
2 19.3 9000
q1 q1 0.15 m^3/s
1.6 15.3 60000
1.2 11.5
0 0
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ye
i
xe
i
Solution
0.22807 0.17476 MV1 y1 Ma ( 1 y1) Mb MV1 26.36
0.15702 0.13706 Pt MV1
T
303 G
0.09649 0.09574 T
.08205760
0.06991 0.07357
0.04474 0.05028 G 1.59043 kg/m^3
0.03518 0.04063
0.02596 0.03079 L 995.647 kg/m^3
0.0214 0.02579 131
L 0.86 0.001 Fp
0.01693 0.02074 3.28
0.01342 0.01666
0 01009
0.01009 0 01255
0.01255
0 0
273 Pt 1
V1 q1 3600 V1 32.58045 Kmols/hr
T 760 22.4
Solution
ye i
y1
xei
x1e
From Graph: x1e .17 X1e X1e 0.20482 ©UST Ch.E. Department
1 x1e
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Solution
Y1 Y2
LVmin M L2 x2 Ma ( 1 x2) Ms
X1e X2
L' LVact V
L V' L' 49.8682
L 49 8682 Kmols Water/hr
Solution
0.5
wL2 G
FLG FLG 0.04177 From Flooding
g Chart:
wv1 L
Cs 1.87
L 2
1000 0.86376
L
Cs
Ut Ut 2.27194 GF Ut G rF 0.62
0.5
G 0.5 0.05
L G Fp
3.28 GF 3.61337
3 61337 GV1 rF GF
wv1 4 S
S S 0.10649 D D 0.36822 m
GV1 3600
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Exercise
10 m3/min of a gas mixture containing 10%
NH3,90% Air by mole shall be treated in a
packed absorber in order to recover 90% of the
ammonia. The water rate is 40% greater than
the minimum. Operating conditions are 1.4 atm
and 25oC.
D t
Determine
i th
the ttower di
diameter
t if th
the packing
ki
used is:
a) 25 mm metallic Raschig Rings
b) 25 mm metallic Pall Rings
©UST Ch.E. Department
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