DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

INSTRUCTOR: DR. AWS ANAZ

 LECTURE 3 – DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS

What is Discrete time signals?

Discrete time signals (ex: x(n)) is a function of an independent integer variable n. the signal (Discrete time
signal) is not defined for non-integer values of n.

x(n)

n
LECTURE 3 – DISCRETE TIME SIGNAL REPRESENTATIONS
There are four main representations of DTS:
1) Graphical representation:
Examples:
LECTURE 3 – DISCRETE TIME SIGNAL REPRESENTATIONS
2) Functional representation:
Examples:

2 ∗ 𝑛, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑛 < 4

𝑛, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 4 1, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 < 0
x(n)= 𝑛 , h(n)=ቊ
, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 5 0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 ≥ 0
2.5
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
3) Tabular representation:
Examples:
n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 n … -2 -1 0 1 2 …
x(n) 0 2 4 6 4 2 0 h(n) … 1 1 0 0 0 …

3) Sequential (Vector) representation:

Examples: x(n)=[0, 2 ,4 , 6, 4, 2, 0], h(n)=[…, 1, 1, 0, 0, …]
 LECTURE 3 – BASIC DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS

Five main DTSs will be discussed: u(n)

1) Unit step signal:

1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 ≥ 0
u(n)= ቊ
0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 < 0 n
Example: convert to graphical representation
h(n)=u(-n-1)
Example: Sketch the following DTS

1- 𝑥 𝑛 = −2𝑢 −𝑛 − 4

2- 𝑥 𝑛 = 4𝑢 𝑛 + 3 − 4𝑢 −𝑛 − 5
 LECTURE 3 – BASIC DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS

2) Impulse signal:

1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 0
𝛿(𝑛) = ቊ
0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 ≠ 0

Example: Sketch the following DTS

𝑥(𝑛) = 8𝛿(𝑛 − 5)
3) Ramp signal:
𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 ≥ 0
𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑝(𝑛), 𝑂𝑟 𝑟(𝑛) = ቊ = nu(n)
0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 < 0