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SCHOOL

IGCSE (9 - 1) PHYSICS
Worksheet: 3
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Name: Waasif Faruquee
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T Class:
NO
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Roll:

Date of Birth: 30th July 2003

Passport Number:

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*P48801A0320*
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 X-rays and gamma rays

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1 (a) X-rays and gamma rays are both ionising radiations. D
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(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to O
your answer.
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(1) WRIT
Another example of an ionising radiation is
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A infrared THIS
B microwave A
C radio RE
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D ultraviolet

(ii) X-rays and gamma rays are electromagnetic waves.

Which of these graphs is correct for electromagnetic

waves? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
D
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frequency frequency N
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A B

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0 0 THIS
wavelength wavelength
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frequency frequency

C D

0 wavelength 0 wavelength
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 (b) X-rays and gamma rays can have the same frequencies.
One way of distinguishing between X-rays and gamma rays is to refer to
how they are produced.
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X-rays are emitted when high energy electrons collide with a metal
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A target. Describe how gamma rays are produced.
(2)
THIS -When an unstable nucleus decays off to become a more stable
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nucleus, it may give off radiation in the form of gamma rays.

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T (c) X-rays and gamma rays have different uses.
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Describe one use for X-rays and one use for gamma
DO rays. (3)
- X-rays: X-rays are highly penetrable for which it
is used to detect broken bones in one’s body.
- Gamma rays: Gamma rays can penetrate through
the skin and kill cancerous cells which is why it is
used in chemotherapy.

A (d) Electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 2.8 × 1019 Hz could be either X-

RE rays or gamma rays depending on the source.
A Calculate the wavelength of this
THIS radiation. The speed of the radiation is
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3.0 × 108 m/s.

WRITE Velocity = frequency x wavelength

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3 x 108 = 2.8 x 1019 x wavelength
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Wavelength = 1 x 10-11 m

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THIS wavelength =1 x 10-11m

IN (Total for Question 1 = 10 marks)

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 Electric charge
2 (a) The diagram represents the particles in an atom. The atom is neutral.
R

Draw one line from each particle box to the correct label box.
(2)
particle label
electron
R

neutron
S

proton
T

(b) When a battery is connected to a lamp, charge flows through the

connecting wires in the circuit.

Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your

answer. (1)

In the connecting wires

A positive charge flows towards the positive terminal of the

battery B positive charge flows towards the negative terminal of

the battery C negative charge flows towards the positive

terminal of the battery D negative charge flows towards the

negative terminal of the battery
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 (c) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are two
common types of plastic that can be recycled from household waste.
They need to be separated in the recycling plant.
The waste plastics are crushed into small chips and tumbled together.
The PET chips become positively charged.
The PVC chips become negatively charged.

(i) Explain how the PET chips become positively charged and the PVC
chips become negatively charged.

-When both the plastics are crushed together, the due to the
friction between them PET loses electrons to PVC and becomes
positively charged and due to an increase in electrons PVC
becomes negatively charged.
(2)

(ii) The mixture is dropped onto a rotating

drum. The mixture sticks to the outside of

the drum.

mixture of plastic chips

tumbler
+
positively charged metal rod
rotating
scraperdrum
PETPVC

collecting bins

The mixture goes past a metal rod that has a positive charge.
PVC chips leave the drum and fall into the collecting bin on the right.
Explain why the PVC chips leave the drum.
-As PVC is negatively charged, going past the positive charged metal rod attracts the
negatively charged PVC as unlike charges attract and as the drum rotates, the PVC
leaves the drum.
(2)
.

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 (iii) The PET chips are carried round until they reach the
scraper. They fall into the collecting bin on the left.
Both of the bins and the scraper are connected to earth.

Suggest why the bins and scraper are connected to earth.

-To make the charge of the PET and PVC neutral.

(1)

(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)

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 Momentum, energy, work and power
3 (a) A motorcyclist is climbing a hill at a constant speed of 13

m/s. Calculate the time it takes for the motorcyclist to

travel 29 m.
(2)
- Speed = Distance / time taken
Time taken = 29 / 13 = 2.23 s

time = 2.23 s

(b) The picture shows a railway that carries passengers up and down a cliff at the seaside.

steel cable

passenger cabin

© geograph.org.uk

The top ends of the two passenger cabins are joined by a steel cable around a
pulley at the top of the cliff.
When one cabin goes down, the other cabin goes up.
Explain how this design makes good use of energy transfers in the system.
(2)
-External energy input is not required as the energy input in one compartment is enough for
the input of the next compartment.

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 (c) A car is travelling along a level road when the driver applies the brakes to
stop it. The work done to stop the car is 510 000 J.
The car has a mass of 1400 kg.
(i) State the value of the kinetic energy of the car when the brakes were first applied.
(1)

kinetic energy =510000J

(ii) Calculate the velocity of the car when the brakes were first applied.
(3)
- Kinetic Energy = ½ x mass x velocity squared
Velocity = √[(510000 x 2) / 1400] = 27 m/s

velocity =27 m/s

(iii) The brakes applied an average force of 15 000 N.

Calculate the distance it takes for the brakes to stop the

car. (2)
-Force = mass x acceleration
acceleration = 15000/1400 =10.7 m/s
V2 = u2 + 2as
02 = 272 + 2(-10.7)(s)
S = 34.1 m

distance = 34.1 m

(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)

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 Properties of alpha and beta radiation

4 (a) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your D
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answer. (1) N
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Alpha radiation T
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A has no charge
B is strongly ionising IN
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C is a wave
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D passes through paper
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(b) A teacher uses this apparatus to investigate how beta particles are absorbed
by aluminium foil sheets.

counter

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source T
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aluminium
detector
foil
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sheets
© Focus Investigations RE
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In the experiment, different numbers of aluminium foil sheets are placed
between a beta particle source and a detector.

The aluminium foil sheets are all the same thickness.

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 The graph shows most of the results.

5000 –
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4000 –
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counter reading/
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counts per
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2000 –

1000 –

A 0–
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A 2 6

THIS number of aluminium foil sheets

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(i) The table shows the missing

WRITE results. Plot these results on the

T
graph. (2)
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number of counter reading /

aluminium foil sheets counts per minute
2 3150
5 1200

(ii) Draw a best fit curve to fit the data. (1)

A
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A aluminium foil sheets.
(1)
THIS -As the number of aluminium foil increases the counter reading decreases.
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 (iv)Suggest why the counter reading does not fall to
zero.
(1) D
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-Background is always present. N
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(c) Describe what happens inside the nucleus of an atom when a beta particle T
(β –) is emitted. WRIT
(2)
-Inside the nucleus a proton breaks down and become a proton and a high energy
neutron is emitted.The electron leaves the nucleus as beta radiation and the atomic number IN
increases because of the new proton but the mass number stays the same. THIS

(d) Beta particles that are emitted by a source and focused into a beam A
can be described as an electric current. RE
A
Explain why a beam of beta particles can be described as an electric current.
-As an electric current is described as a flow of electrons , we know beta particle is
an emission of an high energy neutron form the nucleus of an unstable atom so beta
particles can be described as an electric charge.
(2)
(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)

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 Refraction and reflection
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5 (a) The ray of light from the fly to the fish is shown on the D
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diagram. The fish can see the fly. N
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fly WRIT
AIR

IN
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WATER A
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fish

(i) Name the effect that produces the change in direction of the light
at the surface of the water.
(1)
-Refraction.
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(ii) Explain why this change in direction occurs when light passes from air into water. O
(2)
N
-As light passes from a less dense medium to a more dense medium, the speed of
light wave decreases cause it to slow down and thus the ray bends. O
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 (b) The fish moves and can now see an object in the water.
The ray of light from the object to the fish is shown in the
diagram. The angle B is greater than the critical angle.
A
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A

THIS B
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fish WATER
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object

Describe what happens to the light at the water

surface. (2)
-As the reflected angle is greater than the critical angle, instead of the light to change
medium it completely reflects.
A
RE (c) The diagram shows a ray of light inside the
A
water. Angle C is the critical angle.
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IN Complete the diagram to show what happens to the ray of light after it
hits the water surface.
(1)
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C WATER

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(d)
*(d) Describe how an endoscope works and what endoscopes are used for.
D
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You may include a labelled diagram to help with the description of N
how the endoscope works.
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(6)
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-An endoscope is a long thin tube that is inserted into a person’s body
to observe an organ or to carry out surgeries.An endoscope contains a A
camera for the doctor to observe and light is shone from one end of RE
the endoscope.Inside the tube light is totally internally reflected so A
that it goes inside the body and reflects back into the eye of the
doctor.

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(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks) IN

THIS
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS
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Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright A
material. Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such
rectifications in future editions.

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Kinetic theory and the gas laws

D
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64 Kinetic theory describes the behaviour of particles in solids, liquids and
gases. N
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(a) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your (1) T
answer. WRIT

In the liquid state, particles are IN

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A a long way apart
A
B can move past each other
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C in a regular pattern A

D stationary

(b) Gases are stored in cylinders at high pressure for use in hospitals.

(i) Explain how the gas in the cylinder exerts pressure. (3)
-Gases move in random direction exerting force on the walls of the
cylinder.According to pressure = force / area , the applied force on the walls of the cylinder
by the gas particles exerts a pressure. D
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(ii) Explain why the pressure of the gas inside the cylinder increases if the O
cylinder gets hot. T
-As the cylinder gets hot, the average kinetic energy of the particles WRIT
increases.As the volume of the cylinder is constant, according to
Pressure’s law the pressure in the cylinder increases.
(2) IN
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(c) The diagram shows a diver using a gas bottle to provide air for a dive 50 m
below the surface of the sea.

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NO When the diver breathes out, small bubbles of air are produced that rise to the
DO
surface. Every 10 m increase in the depth of seawater gives an increase of
pressure of 101 kPa. Normal atmospheric pressure at the surface is 101 kPa.
(i) Show that the pressure at a depth of 50 m is about 6 × 105 Pa.
(1)
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101 x 10 x 6 = 606 x 10 Pa 3

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(ii) As the diver breathes out, bubbles are produced.
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At a depth of 50 m, one particular bubble has a volume of 1.25 × 10 −6 m3.

WRITE Calculate the volume of this bubble when it reaches the surface.
T Assume that the temperature of the bubble remains constant and that it
NO doesn’t lose or gain any molecules in the process.
(3)
DO P1V1 = P2V2
(606 x 103) x (1.25 x 10-6)= (101 x 103)x V2
V2 = 7.5 x 10-6 m3

A volume of bubble at the surface =7.5 x 10-6 m3

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A (Total for Question 6 = 10 marks)

THIS TOTAL FOR WORKSHEET 3 = 60 MARKS

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