temperature is constant at 93.330C. Calculate the outlet air temperature.

2. A vertical cylinder 76.2 mm in diameter and 121.9 mm high is maintained at 397.1

K at its surface. It loses heat by natural convection to air at 294.3 K. Heat is lost
from the cylindrical side and the flat circular end at the top. Calculate the heat loss
neglecting radiation losses. Use the simplified equations of Table 4.7-2 and those
equations for the lowest range of NGrNPr. The equivalent L to use for the top flat
surface is 0.9 times the diameter.

3. Repeat Example 4.7-3 but for the case where the two plates are horizontal and the
bottom plate is hotter than the upper plate. Compare the results.

5. A 50 mm diameter, thin wall metal pipe covered by 25 mm thick layer of

insulation (ki = 0.085 W/m.K) and carrying a superheated steam at atmospheric
pressure is suspended from the ceiling of a large room. The steam temperature
entering the pipe is 120 oC, and the air temperature is 20 oC. The overall heart
transfer coefficient on the outer surface of the covered pipe is 10 W/m2.K. If the
velocity of the steam is 10 m/s, at what point along the pipe will the steam begin
condensing and what distance will be required for the steam to reach a mean
temperature of 100 oC?

6. Engine oil at a rate of 0.02 kg/s flows through a 3 mm diameter tube 30 m long.
The oil has inlet temperature of 60 oC, while the tube wall temperature is
maintained at 100 oC by steam condensing on its outer surface.
(a) Estimate the average heat transfer coefficient for internal flow of the oil.
(b) Determine the outlet temperature of the oil

7. Consider a horizontal, thin walled circular tube of diameter D = 0.025 m

submerged in a container of n-octadecane (paraffin), which is used to store thermal
energy. As hot water flows through the tube, heat is transferred to the paraffin,
converting it from the solid to liquid state at the phase change temperature of T∞
= 27.4 oC. The latent heat of fusion and density of paraffin are hsf = 244 kJ/kg
and r = 770 kg/m3, respectively and thermophysical properties of the water may
be taken as cp = 4.185 kJ/kg.K, k = 0.635 W/m.K, and m = 467 x 10-6 kg/s.m.
Assuming the tube surface to have a uniform temperature corresponding to that of
the phase change, determine the water outlet temperature and total heat transfer
rate for a water flow-rate of 0.1 kg/s and inlet temperature of 60 oC. If the height,
width and length of the container are 0.25 m, 0.25 m and 3 m, respectively, how
long would it take to completely liquefy the paraffin, from an initial state for which
all of the paraffin is solid and at 27.4 oC?

8. Consider the process by which ice is formed for an indoor rink. A parallel array of
cooling tube is submerged in a shallow layer of water, and a refrigerant (Freon-12)
is passed through the tubes. The layer height is H = 60 mm and the tube pitch,
diameter and length are S = 50 mm, D = 12 mm, and L = 5 m, respectively. The
temperature and flow rate of refrigerant entering each tube are -33 oC and 0.02
kg/s, respectively. The refrigerant remains at liquid state throughout the tube, and
average thermo physical property value may be taken to be cp = 900 J/kg.K, k =
0.07 W/m.K, m = 3.5 x 10-4 kg/s.m, and Npr = 4.6, the density of water r = 1000
kg/m3, and the latent heat of fusion is hsf = 3.34 x 105 J/kg. (a) Consider the
process whereby the water is taken from the saturated liquid to solid states to be at
the freezing point throughout the process, at what temperature does the refrigerant
leave the tube? What is the rate of heat transfer to the refrigerant for a single tube
length? (b) For the condition of part (a), how long would it take to completely
freeze the water?
9. A preheater involves the use of condensing steam at 100 ℃ on the inside of a bank
of tubes to heat air that enters at 1 atm and 25 ℃. The air moves at 5 m/s in cross
flow over the tubes. Each tube is 1 m long and has an outside diameter of 10 mm.
The bank consists of 196 tubes in a square, aligned array for which ST = SL = 15
mm. What is the total rate of heat transfer to the air? What is the pressure drop
associated with the airflow?

10. Assume that a person can be approximated as a cylinder of 0.3-m diameter and 1.8-m height with a
surface temperature of 24℃. Calculate the body heat loss while this person is subjected to a 15-m/s wind
whose temperature is -5 ℃.

11. Water at an average temperature of 17 oC and a mass rate of 0.012 kg/s is to be

used for maintaining a small plate (on which a special sensor is to be mounted) at a
fixed temperature. The plate is situated within a hot air environment at a
temperature of 235 C. The tube is horizontal and 1 m long. Fabricated from a
plastic with a thermal conductivity of 0.05 W/m.K, the tube has a inner diameter Di
= 1.4 mm, and outer diameter Do=3.2 mm.
(a) Assuming that the average outer surface temperature of the tube is 120 C,
estimate the heat transfer coefficient between the tube and the ambient air.
(b) Assuming that the flow and thermal conditions within the tube are fully
developed, estimate the heat transfer coefficient between the tube and the
water.
(c) Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient based on the outer tube area.

12. Water at an average temperature of 17 oC and a mass rate of 0.012 kg/s is to be

used for maintaining a small plate (on which a special sensor is to be mounted) at a
fixed temperature. The plate is situated within a hot air environment at a temperature of 235 C. The tube is
horizontal and 1 m long. Fabricated from a plastic with a thermal conductivity of 0.05 W/m.K, the tube has a
inner diameter Di = 1.4 mm, and outer diameter Do=3.2 mm.
(a) Assuming that the average outer surface temperature of the tube is 120 C,
estimate the heat transfer coefficient between the tube and the ambient air
(b) Assuming that the flow and thermal conditions within the tube are fully
developed, estimate the heat transfer coefficient between the tube and the
water.
(c) Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient based on the outer tube area.
13. The outer surface of a vertical tube, which is 1 m long and has an outer diameter of
80 mm, is exposed to saturated steam at atmospheric pressure and is maintained at
50 C by flow the cooling water through the tube. What is the rate of heat transfer
to the coolant, and what is the rate at which steam is condense at the surface?