Special trays and Record bases in complete dentures.

INTRODUCTION

IMPRESSION TRAYS-
A receptacle or device used to carry the impression material to the mouth, confine the material
in apposition to the surfaces to be recorded and control the impression material while it sets
to form the impression.

Special trays are also known as:

CUSTOM TRAYS/INDIVIDUALIZED TRAYS/TAILOR MADE TRAYS.

It is defined as correctly fitting tray made on preliminary cast. Its main use is to make secondary
or final impression of the jaw.

REQUIREMENTS OF SPECIAL TRAYS

o Must be strong & rigid.
o Must have smooth & round borders.
o Must have provision to retain the impression on its surface.
o Its handle must be firmly attached & conveniently placed.
o Must not distort during & after impression is made.
o Flanges of the tray must not be adopted into undercuts.
o Posterior borders of maxillary tray must be 1/8 of an inch beyond the junction
of hard & soft palate. And posterior border of mandibular tray must cover the
retromolar pad.
o Borders must not impinge on the muscle attachment & should have proper
relief for frenal attachments.
o Borders of tray should be little short of the peripheral outlines.
o Borders must never be overextended.

TYPES OF SPECIAL TRAYS

A:
• CLOSE FITTING SPECIAL TRAY-
This tray has not much room for impression material. The impression materiel is in thin layer
as in wash impression.ZOE paste gives such impression due to thin consistency.
• SPACER SPECIAL TRAY OR LOOSE FITTING SPECIAL TRAY-
These trays have space for thicker consistency impression material like alginate & thick
consistency ZOE paste.
B:
MATERIALS FOR MAKING SPECIAL TRAY

• NON METALLIC

• SHELLAC BASE PLATE

• NON BRITTLE IMPRESSION COMPOUND

• ACRYLIC RESIN

• 1. SELF CURED

• 2. HEAT CURED

• THERMO-PLASTIC RESIN SHEET

• METALLIC

• SOFT ALLOY OF TIN & LEAD

• PLUMBERS SOLDERS

SPACER
o Modelling wax-
One sheet thick for thick consistency ZOE paste impression. Two sheet thickness for
alginate impression
o Piece of thick canvas

HANDLE
o Same material as the tray
o Metal wire

TO RETAIN THE IMPRESSION MATERIAL IN THE TRAY

o Perforations
o Special adhesive solutions
o Cotton wool threads spread over the surface of tray & fixed with sticky wax at
3 to 4 points.

SHELLAC SPECIAL TRAY

Double thickness shellac baseplate material is essential for fabricating an impression tray.
 Advantage

• Rapidity with which the shellac baseplate material can be adapted to the cast and the tray
fabricated.

Disadvantage

• Lack of dimensional stability, especially during application of heat when border moulding
the tray.

TYPES OF SHELLAC

• Plain

• Alluminium filled

TECHNIQUE

• Make an outline of the impression tray on the cast. Block out severe undercuts with a wet sheet of
non asbestos casting ring lining material.

• Provide relief as required.

• Centre a sheet of double thickness shellac baseplate material over the cast and wilt it onto the cast
with flame.

• Fold excess material at borders onto itself.

• Continue adaptation until shellac makes intimate contact with the cast.

• Form a handle from scrap shellac baseplate material, warm it and adapt it to the impression tray.

• Allow tray to cool, then remove it and trim the border outline.

PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION

WARPING OF IMPRESSION SHELLAC BASEPLATE READAPTING SHELLAC
TRAY AND FAILURE TO MATERIAL WARPED BASEPLATE MATERIAL.
LIFT DURING COOLING. USING DOUBLE THICKNESS
SHELLAC

CAST IMPRESSION TRAY SHELLAC BASEPLATE BASEPLATE MATERIAL AND

TOO FLEXIBLE MATERIAL NOT RIGID REINFORCING ANTERIOR
ENOUGH , AND ANTERIOR RIDGE REGION WITH WIRE.
RIDGE ON MANDIBULAR
CAST FLAT.
TRAY STUCK TO CAST. SHELLAC BASEPLATE WETTING CAST BEFORE
MATERIAL OVERHEATED HEATING SHELLAC
DURING ADAPTION. BASEPLATE MATERIAL AND
 NOT OVERHEATING AND
CHARRING SHELLAC
BASEPLATE MATERIAL.

ACRYLIC RESIN SPECIAL TRAY

• ADVANTAGES

• More rigid & strong

• Unbreakable

• Do not distort

METHODS TO PREPARE ACRYLIC RESIN SPECIAL TRAY

• Finger adapted dough method

• Sprinkle on method

Sprinkle on method

o Most commonly used method for constructing acrylic resin special tray
(McCracken,1964).
o Areas that require relief should be provided by adapting a special tray wax
1mm thick over the areas.

TECHNIQUE
• Make an outline of the impression tray on the cast. The borders of the tray are kept shorter of the
vestibular reflections of the cast.

• Posterior border should be 2mm distal to the fovea palatina.

• Block out severe undercuts and adapt baseplate wax for relief

• Apply tinfoil substitute onto the stone cast and relief wax

• Sift powdered polymer onto the cast and relief wax, and saturate it with liquid monomer.

• Continue applying powder and liquid until there is uniform thickness of 2mm.

• Cure the tray under an inverted plaster bowl to reduce the porosity.

• Mix more resin in a paper cup and when it is in dough stage, form handles and adapt them to the
impression tray.
Dresen, 1958 suggested one handle in the anterior portion of tray. Merkeley, 1959 suggested three
handles or finger rests for mandibular impression trays. Position the handles in the first molar region and
anterior region of tray.

Handles should be 3-4mm thick, 8mm high. Horizontal grooves can be placed in the facial and lingual
surfaces of the handle to enhance grip. Handles on the impression tray should approximate the position of
the teeth on the finished denture. Adapt the resin dough to the approximate size of handle and wet the tray
at the point of attachment with liquid acrylic monomer to facilitate chemical bonding. After setting,
remove tray from cast and trim it. Polish the rough areas that can cause discomfort to the patient.

PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION

ENTIRE IMPRESSION TOO MUCH RESIN BUILD CONTROL APPLICATION
TRAY TOO THICK UP ON CAST FROM TOO OF POWDER AND LIQUID
GENEROUS APPLICATION TO CREATE UNIFORM
OF POWDER AND LIQUID LAYER APPROXIMATELY
2MM THICK;CHECK
THICKNESS OF RESIN
WITH PERIODONTAL
PROBE
IMPRESSION TRAY TOO RESIN FLOW NOT TILT CAST WHILE SIFTING
THIN OVER RIDGES AND CONTROLLED BY TILTING RESIN TO MINIMIZE
TOO THICK IN PALATE CAST DURING SPRINKLE POOLING.
ON AND RESULTANT THIN PALATE WITH BUR .
POOLING OF RESIN IN
PALATE REGION
IMPRESSION TRAY OR UNDERCUTS NOT IDENTIFY THE
CAST BROKEN DURING BLOKED OUT TINFOIL UNDERCUTS AND BLOCK
SEPARATION SUBSTITUTE THEM.
CONTAMINATED OR NOT PAINT TINFOIL
USED SUBSTITUE ON CAST
IMPRESSION TRAY TOO IMPRESSION TRAY TOO USE PROPER POWDER
FLEXIBLE THIN OR ANTERIOR LIQUID RATIO.
RIGDE ON LOWER CAST
FLAT

FINGER ADAPTED DOUGH METHOD

o This method is quick and the resultant impression trays fit well and have
acceptable dimensional stability.
It is used extensively for making resin special trays.

TECHNIQUE

• Make an outline of the impression tray on the cast.

 • Block out severe undercuts and adapt baseplate wax for relief. Removal of 4mm squares of relief
wax will expose the cast, thereby providing tissue stops.
• Apply tinfoil substitute onto the stone cast and relief wax.
• Proportion the powder liquid ratio and mix in a paper cup
• From that excess material handles can be made.
• Cure tray under an inverted plaster bowl.
• After setting , remove tray from cast and trim it.
• Polish the rough areas that can cause discomfort to the patient.
PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE
TRAY THICK IN SOME RESIN OVERTHINNED OVER
AREAS AND THIN IN OTHER CONVEX AREAS OF CAST
AREAS. BY TOO MUCH FINGER
PRESSURE.
TRAY OR CAST BROKEN TEETH ON CAST NOT
DURING REMOVAL OF BLOCKED OUT
TRAY FROM CAST ADEQUATELY ;AND
UNDERCUTS ELSEWHERE
ON CAST NOT BLOCKED
OUT.
TINFOIL SUBSTITUTE
CONTAMINATED OR NOT
USED.
IMPRESSION TRAY TOO IMPRESSION TRAY
THIN IN SOME AREAS AND MATERIAL OVERTHINNED
TOO THICK IN OTHERS. BY FINGER PRESSURE OVER
RESIDUAL RIDGES AND
ALLOWED TO BECOME TOO
THICK IN CONCAVE AREAS.
RESIN NOT ROLLED TO
UNIFORM THICKNESS
PRIOR TO ADAPTATION .
FAILURE OF TRAY TO FIT RESIN PAST DOUGH STAGE
CAST. BEFORE START OF FINGER
ADAPTATION AND
ADAPTATION IN-
ACCURATE.
FINGER ADAPTATION
DISCONTINUED TOO SOON.
SOLUTION
EXERCISE CARE WHEN
ADAPTING RESIN TO
CAST,PARTICULARLY OVER
RIDGES AND TEETH;USE
ONLY ENOUGH PRESSURE
TO ACHIEVE ADAPTION.
COAT THE CAST WITH
UNCONTAMINATED
TINFOIL SUBSTITUTE.
EXERCISE CARE DURING
ADAPTATION TO AVOID
EXERTING TOO MUCH
PRESSURE ON RESIN OVER
CONVEX PORTIONS OF
CAST.
USE ROLLER TO MAKE
SHEET OF RESIN OF PROPER
THICKNESS
START ADAPTATION WHEN
RESIN IS IN DOUGH
STAGE;DO NOT WAIT
UNTILL RESIN IS RUBBERY
CONTINUE ADAPTATION
UNTILL RESIN BEGINS TO
SET TO PREVENT REBOUND

IMPRESSION TRAY OR CAST
BROKEN ON SEPARATION.
CONTINUE ADAPTATION
UNTILLS RESIN SETS.
UNDERCUTS NOT BLOCKED BLOCK OUT UNDERCUTS
OUT. PAINT CAST WITH TINFOIL
TINFOIL SUBSTITUTE NOT SUBSTITUTE.
USED.

Thermoplastic resin Special trays

o Thermoplastic resin sheets can make good impression trays.

o These are available in a variety of colours & thicknesses as well as different
degrees of flexibility.
o Vacuum adapted method is used to prepare these trays.

VACUUM ADAPTED METHOD

This method is quick and easy, but requires special equipment for adapting the resin sheet on the
cast.

TECHNIQUE
• Make an outline of the impression tray on the cast.

• Block out severe undercuts with a material that will not melt when heated such as a wet sheet of
non asbestos casting ring lining material.

• Centre the cast on vacuum adapter plate

• Place a sheet of resin and rotate the heating unit into position.

• Continue heating until the material starts to sag

• Lower the frame and resin sheet onto the cast, and start vacuum adaptation.

• After adaptation is complete, allow the resin sheet to cool, and then remove it from the vacuum
unit.

• Trim the excess material and remove tray from cast.

• Trim the borders and add handles made of autopolymerizing acrylic resin.

PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION

CAST OR TRAY BROKEN ON UNDERCUTS OR TEETH ON EXAMINE CAST

SEPARATION. CAST NOT BLOCKED OUT . CAREFULLY TO IDENTIFY
UNDERCUTS;BLOCK THEM
OUT.

TRAY NOT ADAPTED TO TRAY MATERIAL NOT MAKE CERTAIN THE

CAST IN SOME AREAS. HEATED SUFFICIENTLY RECOMMENDED AMOUT OF
 BEFORE VACCUM SAG OCCURS IN TRAY
ADAPTATION STARTED. RESIN BEFORE ACTIVATING
VACCUM.

TRAY TOO FLEXIBLE. STOCK MATERIAL IS TOO USE TRAY WEIGHT RESIN
THIN SHEET FOR ADEQUATE
RIGIDITY.

IMPRESSION TRAY TOO IMPRESSION MATERIAL USE THICKER STOCK

FLEXIBLE. TOO THIN. MATERIAL;REINFORCE IT
WITH WIRE

CAST OR TRAY BROKEN UNDERCUTS NOT BLOCKED IDENTIFY AND BLOCKOUT

DURING SEPARATION. OUT. UNDER CUTS BEFORE
ADAPTATION.

BENEFITS OF MAKING SPECIAL TRAYS

o A tray of even thickness can be made
o Even support of the impression material
o Control over the flow of the material
o Reduced discomfort for the patient
o Economic use of impression material
 RECORD BASES

o Also known as
BASEPLATE
TEMPORARY BASE
TRIAL BASE

o A temporary form representing the base of a denture.

PURPOSES OF BASEPLATES
o To act as carriers for occlussal rims on which jaw relations are recorded.
o To hold the teeth in the wax set up far the try-in stage.
o To check the accuracy of the prviously recorded rocords.

REQUIREMENTS FOR BASEPLATES

ELDER(1955) gave the following requirements for base plates-

1. The baseplate should adapt to the basal seat area as the finished denture base.
2. The baseplate should have same border form as the finished denture base.
3. The baseplates should be sufficiently rigid to resist biting force.
4. The baseplate should be dimensionally stable
5. The baseplate as constructed should permit its use as a base for setting up teeth.
6. It should be possible to construct baseplates quickly, easily, and inexpensively.
7. Baseplate should have no undesirable colour.

BASEPLATE MATERIALS

• AUTOPOLY-MERIZING RESINS

• SHELLAC BASEPLATE MATERIAL

• THERMO-PLASTIC RESINS

• HEAT CURING RESINS

• BASEPLATE WAX

• METAL
AUTOPOLYMERIZING RESIN BASEPLATES

Autopolymerizing resins (cold cure or self curing) require an activator & a catalyst for
polymerization & no external heat.

They are-
o Serviceable
o Economical

METHODS FOR CONSTRUCTING AUTOPOLYMERIZING RESIN SHEETS

• SPRINKLE ON METHOD

• FINGER ADAPTED DOUGH METHD

• CONFINED DOUGH METHODS

1. STONE MOLD METHOND

2. WAX CONFINED METHOD

SPRINKLE ON METHOD

TECHNIQUE

• Examine the cast & block-out severe undercuts with baseplate wax & others with self curing
autopolymerizing resin.

• Paint tinfoil substitute on the wet cast.

• Sift the conventional autopolymerizing resin powder on the cast & soft curing resin, & saturate it
with the liquid.

• Tilt the cast laterally while applying the resin to prevent pooling the liquid & powder in the palate
of maxillary cast which can cause an excessively thick palate.

• Make it to the desired thickness of 2 mm.

• Cure the baseplate under an inverted plastic bowl or in a pressure pot under warm water for
20mins at 20 psi.

• Examine the cured baseplate on the cast to evaluate its adaptation.

 • Trim the resin flash around the borders.

• Smooth the borders and any dough space on the borders.

PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION

Baseplate unable to remove
from cast.
Baseplate broken during
removal.
Cast chipped or broken during
removal
Both cast and baseplate
broken during removal.
Completed baseplate too
flexible
Undercuts not properly
blocked out.
Cast not coated with
uncontaminated tin foil
substitute
Improper ratio
Baseplate removed too soon
(polymerization not complete)
Block out undercuts with wax.
Coating the cast before adding
resin.
Using proper powder liquid
ratio
Allow adequate time for
baseplate set.

Porous baseplate Some areas allowed to dry
when resin is applied on cast.
Failure of baseplate to fit the Baseplate removed before
cast poly merisation
Baseplate heated by grinding
and polishing
Baseplated stored in dry
environment.
Keep all areas moist with
monomer to prevent drying
when applying resin.
Adequately cure resin before
removing
Donot overpolish….use slow
speeds
Store in water.

FINGER ADAPTED DOUGH METHOD

TECHNIQUE

• Examine the cast and identify the undercuts and block them.

• Apply tinfoil substitute to the cast.

• Proportion and mix the resin powder and liquid.

• When the mixture is in dough stage, form the resin into a roll, and adapt it to the cast.

• Continue finger adaptation until the resin, being well adapted to the cast, does not spring away or
rebound.

• Place the baseplate on the cast under the plaster bowl or in a pressure pot.

• After curing, remove the baseplate from the cast, trim it and smooth it.
 • Replace the baseplate on the cast, and evaluate the adaptation and border thickness.

PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION

Failure of baseplate to fit Resin beyond dough stage. Adapt in dough stage
the cast. Discontinuing finger Adapts untill it no longer
adaptation too early. springs from the cast.

Baseplate too thin ir thick
in some areas.
Convex areas too thin as a
result of finger pressure.
Resin not rolled to desired
thickness before applying
on cast.
Do not applying too much
presssure in covex areas
Roll the resin uniformly.

CONFINED DOUGH METHODS

Elder(1955)-applied pressure with modelling plastic.

Lavere and freda(1974)-confined the resin with wax.
Assadzadik and yarmond(1975)-made a stone index to mold the base plate.

ADVANTAGES

• Offers excellent control over thickness

• Reduces finishing time
• Minimal porosities

DISADVANTAGES

• More time required to make the mold

• Tendency to form voids in baseplate