WEEK2 CHAPTER1: Laplace transform MAT485/565

PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM

1) Theorem
If ℒ { f(t) } = F(s), then ℒ {α f(t) } = α F(s)

Proof:
Suppose ℒ { f(t) } = F(s),
∞
ℒ { α f(t) } = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝛼𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

∞
= α ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = αℒ{f(t) } = 𝛼 𝐹(𝑠)

Example
1
Evaluate a) ℒ { 2e5t } = 2 ℒ { e5t } = 2 (𝑠−5)
3
b) ℒ { 5 sin 3t } = 5 ℒ { sin 3t } = 5 (𝑠2 +9)

2) Theorem (Linearity)

If ℒ { f(t) } = F(s) and ℒ { g(t) } = G(s), then

ℒ { a f(t) ± b g(t) } = a F(s) ± b G(s)

Proof:
Suppose ℒ { f(t) } = F(s) and ℒ { g(t) } = G(s),
∞
ℒ { a f(t) ± b g(t) } = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 (𝑎 𝑓(𝑡) ± 𝑏 𝑔(𝑡))𝑑𝑡
∞ ∞
= 𝑎 ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 ± 𝑏 ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
= a F(s) ± b G(s)

Example
Obtain the Laplace transform for the following
a) ℒ{5 – 3t} = ℒ{5} – 3 ℒ{t}
5 3
= 𝑠 − 𝑠2
b) ℒ{3t3 – 2 sin3t} = 3 ℒ{𝑡 3 } - 2 ℒ{sin 3t}
3! 3 18 6
= 3 (𝑠4 ) − 2 (𝑠2 +9) = 𝑠4 − 𝑠2 +9

3 2 4𝑠
c) ℒ{3 – 2t + 4 cos2t} = 𝑠 − 𝑠2 + 𝑠2 +4
5 3 2𝑠
d) ℒ{5e-2t + 3 – 2 cos2t} = 𝑠+2 + 𝑠 − 𝑠2 +4
6(3!) 3(2!) 4 2 36 6 4 2
e) ℒ {6t3– 3t2 + 4t – 2} = − + −𝑠 = − 𝑠3 + 𝑠2 − 𝑠
𝑠4 𝑠3 𝑠2 𝑠4
2𝑠 5(3)
f) ℒ {2 cosh3t + 5 sinh3t} = 𝑠2 −9 + 𝑠2 −9
2 3𝑠
g) ℒ {t2 – 3 cosh4t} = 𝑠3 + 𝑠2 −16

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3) Theorem ( The first shifting)

If ℒ { f(t) } = F(s), then ℒ { eat f(t) } = F(s –a)

Proof:
∞
Suppose ℒ { f(t) } = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = F(s),
∞
Then ℒ { eat f(t) } = ∫0 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
∞
= ∫0 𝑒 −(𝑠−𝑎) 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
Let u = s – a,
∞
∫0 𝑒 −𝑢𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = F(u) = F(s – a)

Example
Determine
a) ℒ { t e-2t }
b) ℒ { e-3t sin 2t }
c) ℒ { t2 e4t }
d) ℒ { t2 e2t + et cos 2t + 3 }

Solution
1
a) Let ℒ {t} = 𝑠2 = 𝐹(𝑠)
1
By first shifting, ℒ { t e-2t } = F(s-(-2)) = F(s+2) = (𝑠+2)2

2
b) Let ℒ {sin 2t} = 𝑠2 +4 = 𝐹(𝑠)
2
By first shifting, ℒ { e-3t sin 2t} = F(s+3) = (𝑠+3)2+4

2
c) Let ℒ {t2} = 𝑠3 = 𝐹(𝑠)
2
By first shifting, ℒ { t2 e4t } = F(s-4) = (𝑠−4)3

d) ℒ { t2 e2t + et cos 2t + 3 } = ℒ { t2 e2t } + ℒ { et cos 2t } + ℒ {3}

3
= F(s – 2) + F(s -1) + 𝑠
2 𝑠−1 3
= (𝑠−2)3 + (𝑠−1)2 +4 + 𝑠

4) Theorem ( Multiplication by tn – derivatives of transform )

If ℒ { f(t) } = F(s), then
𝑑𝑛 𝑑𝑛
ℒ {tn f(t) } = (−1)𝑛 𝑛 ℒ { 𝑓(𝑡)} = (−1)𝑛 𝑛 (𝐹(𝑠))
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠

Example
a) ℒ { t cosh 3t }

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WEEK2 CHAPTER1: Laplace transform MAT485/565

b) ℒ { t2 sin 4t }
c) ℒ { t4 e-2t }
d) ℒ { t2 cos t }

Solution
𝑑 d 𝑠
a) ℒ {t cosh 3t} = (−1) 𝑑𝑠 ℒ{cosh 3t} = − ds (𝑠2 −9)
𝑠2 −9−𝑠(2𝑠) 𝑠2 +9
= −[ ] = (𝑠2 −9)2
(𝑠2 −9)2
𝑑2
b) ℒ { t2 sin 4t } = (−1)2 𝑑𝑠2 ℒ { sin 4t }
𝑑2 4
= 𝑑𝑠2 (𝑠2 +16)

𝑑 −2𝑠
= 4 𝑑𝑠 ((𝑠2 +16)2)

(𝑠2 +16)2 −𝑠(2)(2𝑠)(𝑠2 +16)

= −8 [ ]
(𝑠2 +16)4

𝑠2 +16−4𝑠2
= −8 [ ]
(𝑠2 +16)3

8(3𝑠2 −16)
= (𝑠2 +16)3

𝑑4
c) ℒ { t4 e-2t } = (−1)4 𝑑𝑠4 ℒ { e−2t }
𝑑4 1
= 𝑑𝑠4 (𝑠+2)
𝑑3 −1
= 𝑑𝑠3 ((𝑠+2)2 )
𝑑2 2
= 𝑑𝑠2 ((𝑠+2)3 )
𝑑 −6 24
= 𝑑𝑠 ((𝑠+2)4 ) = (𝑠+2)5

𝑑2
d) ℒ { t2 cos t } = (−1)2 𝑑𝑠2 ℒ {cos t }
𝑑2 𝑠
= 𝑑𝑠2 (𝑠2 +1)
𝑑 (𝑠2 +1)−2𝑠2 𝑑 1−𝑠2
= 𝑑𝑠 ( ) = 𝑑𝑠 ((𝑠2 +1)2 )
(𝑠2 +1)2
2𝑠(𝑠2 −3)
= (𝑠2 +3)3

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