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Catalytic Performance of Hierarchical H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 For Methanol Dehydration To Dimethyl Ether
Catalytic Performance of Hierarchical H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 For Methanol Dehydration To Dimethyl Ether
Catalytic Performance of Hierarchical H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 For Methanol Dehydration To Dimethyl Ether
Abstract
Micro-mesoporous composite molecular sieves H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 were prepared by the hydrothermal technique with alkali-treated H-ZSM-5
zeolite as the source and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy,
X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption measurement and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption. The catalytic performances for the
methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether over H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 were evaluated. Among these catalysts, H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 prepared with
NaOH dosage (nNa /nSi ) varying from 0.4 to 0.47 presented excellent catalytic activity with more than 80% methanol conversion and 100%
dimethyl ether selectivity in a wide temperature range of 170−300 ◦ C, and H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 prepared with nNa /nSi = 0.47 showed constant
methanol conversion of about 88.7%, 100% dimethyl ether selectivity and excellent lifetime at 220 ◦ C. The excellent catalytic performances
were due to the highly active and uniform acidic sites and the hierarchical porosity in the micro-mesoporous composite molecular sieves. The
catalytic mechanism of H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 for the methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether process was also discussed.
Key words
hierarchical porosity; H-ZSM-5; composite molecular sieve; methanol dehydration; dimethyl ether
Copyright©2013, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
770 Yu Sang et al./ Journal of Energy Chemistry Vol. 22 No. 5 2013
(SF) model was used to obtain the pore size distribution of the components in the effluent with a sampling frequency of
H-ZSM-5. 0.05 min−1 . The atomic balances were satisfied with a devia-
NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3 -TPD) tion of less than 5%. The methanol conversion (Xmethanol ) and
was carried out using a Quantachrome ChemBET 3000 with DME selectivity (SDME ) was defined as follows:
a thermal conductivity detector (TCD). 80 mg sample was
placed in a quartz tubular reactor and pretreated at 600 ◦ C with Xm = (Fm,in − Fm,out) ÷ Fm,in (1)
a N2 flow of 30 mL/min for 1 h and then cooled to 100 ◦ C.
Ammonia diluted with Ar (5% v/v NH3 ) was then introduced SDME = 2FD,out ÷ (Fm,in − Fm,out) (2)
at a flow rate of 30 mL/min for 1 h at 100 ◦ C and then a He
stream was fed in until a constant signal of TCD was obtained. where, Fm,in , Fm,out and FD,out are the molar flow of methanol
NH3 -TPD was carried out with the reactor temperature at a at inlet, outlet and the molar flow of DME at outlet, respec-
ramp rate of 10 ◦ C/min from 100 ◦ C to 700 ◦ C. tively.
Figure 1. SEM images of (a) H-ZSM-5 and H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 prepared by alkli-treatment with nNa /nSi of (b) 0.4; (c) 0.47; (d) 0.6; (e) 0.8; and (f) 1.0
772 Yu Sang et al./ Journal of Energy Chemistry Vol. 22 No. 5 2013
Figure 2. TEM images of (a) H-ZSM-5, (b) alkli-treated H-ZSM-5; H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 prepared by alkli-treatment with nNa /nSi of (c) 0.4, (d) 0.47, (e) 0.6, (f)
0.8, and (g) 1.0; (h) MCM-41
process without CTAB for preparing H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 and increased from 0.4 to 0.6, the diffraction peaks of the (101),
MCM-41. H-ZSM-5 molecular sieves are easily aggregated (020), (501), (151) and (303) crystal faces remained but be-
to form cubic particles, as shown in Figure 1(a). As H-ZSM-5 came weaker. When NaOH dosage was 0.8, the diffraction
was treated by NaOH, H-ZSM-5 cubic particles were disin- peaks of the (151) and (303) crystal faces disappeared. None
tegrated gradually with the increase of the dosage of NaOH of the five diffraction peaks were seen as NaOH dosage was
solution, and when nNa /nSi was equal to 1.0, most of the cu- 1.0, indicating that the skeleton structure of ZSM-5 was de-
bic particles were disintegrated and assembled into new parti- stroyed completely by NaOH. From the low-angle XRD re-
cles as shown in Figure 1(b) to Figure 1(f). The difference in sults as shown in Figure 3, when NaOH dosage increased from
the zeolite samples became more obvious from Figure 2(c) to 0.4 to 1.0, the characteristic peak of the (100) crystal face as-
Figure 2(g) and the characteristics of MCM-41 became more signed to the hexagonal mesopore structure of MCM-41 ap-
peared [32]. In comparison with MCM-41, the diffraction
evident, reflecting the effect of the alkali-treatment. The pores
peak of the (100) crystal face of H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 sam-
arrayed hexagonally along the direction of the pore while
ples shifted to the high angle and the diffraction peaks of the
one-dimensional lines were found in a regular arrangement in
(110) and (200) crystal faces disappeared. It is due to that
the direction perpendicular to the pores in H-ZSM-5/MCM-
the alkali-treatment exerted certain influence on the assem-
41, which is characteristic of the pores of MCM-41 [30].
bling micelles in the hydrothermal process and the following
Furthermore, the TEM image of the alkali-treated H-ZSM-5 formation of mesopores. The results indicate that part of H-
displayed nanosized H-ZSM-5 nanoparticles. The H-ZSM- ZSM-5 were disintegrated into Si-Al nanoclusters and formed
5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieves and MCM-41 had a the hexagonal mesopore structure in the presence of CTAB
similar morphology as shown in TEM images. These proved templates [33]. It indicated that NaOH dosage had an im-
that the alkali-treatment of H-ZSM-5 with the tested dosages portant effect on the skeleton structure of H-ZSM-5 and the
of NaOH solution can surely bring a change in the zeolites that proper NaOH dosage in alkali-treatment was favored to the
MCM-41 with a mesoporous structure is introduced around formation of composite molecular sieves.
H-ZSM-5 crystal particles. Figure 4 shows the IR spectra of H-ZSM-5, MCM-41
Figure 3 shows the XRD patterns of H-ZSM-5, MCM-41 and H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 samples that were prepared by alkali-
and H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 samples that were prepared by alkali- treatment with different dosages of NaOH solution. The ab-
treatment with different dosages of NaOH solution. From sorption band appared at 1230 cm−1 as shown in Figure 4(a)–
the high-angle XRD results as shown in Figure 3, the two Figure 4(f), which was assigned to the T–O–T (T is Al or
diffraction peaks between 7o and 10o and three diffraction Si) asymmetric stretching mode. As shown in Figure 4(a),
peaks between 22.5o and 25o were found in H-ZSM-5 and the absorption band at 550 cm−1 appeared in ZSM-5, which
H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 samples that were prepared by alkali- was the characteristic peak of the five-membered ring of H-
treatment with NaOH dosage increasing from 0.4 to 0.6, ZSM-5 skeleton structure [34]. Comparing with H-ZSM-
which were the characteristic peaks of H-ZSM-5 molecular 5, as NaOH dosage increased from 0.4 to 0.8, the absorp-
sieve, corresponding to the (101), (020), (501), (151) and tion band at 550 cm−1 as shown in Figure 4(a)–4(e) be-
(303) crystal faces [31], respectively. As NaOH dosage was came weaker. It indicated that these samples contained the
Journal of Energy Chemistry Vol. 22 No. 5 2013 773
primary or secondary structural units of H-ZSM-5, but the which implied that the skeleton structure of H-ZSM-5 was
skeleton structure of H-ZSM-5 changed gradually with the destroyed completely. These were consistent with the XRD
increase of NaOH dosage. When NaOH dosage was 1.0, results.
the absorption band at 550 cm−1 in Figure 4(f) disappeared,
Figure 3. Wide- (a) and small-angle (b) XRD patterns of (1) H-ZSM-5 and H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 prepared by alkli-treatment with nNa /nSi of (2) 0.4, (3) 0.47,
(4) 0.6, (5) 0.8, and (6) 1.0; and MCM-41 (7)
Figure 5. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore size distributions of (1) H-ZSM-5 and H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 prepared by alkli-treatment with nNa /nSi of
(2) 0.4, (3) 0.47, (4) 0.6, (5) 0.8, and (6) 1.0
Table 1. The acid sites on H-ZSM-5 and H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 alkali-treated with different dosages of NaOH solution
Si/Al Relative amount of acidic sitesa Absolute amount of Peak temperature (◦ C)
Samples nNa /nSi
ratio A1 A2 A A1 /A2 total acidic sitesb (µmol/g) TP1 TP2
H-ZSM-5 − 19 41.7 58.3 100 0.72 0.24 242.5 462.6
H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 0.4 16 34.8 44.7 79.5 0.78 0.19 216.2 444.9
H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 0.47 18 32.3 40.0 72.3 0.81 0.17 216.0 428.0
H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 0.6 18 21.8 24.0 45.8 0.91 0.11 215.6 389.4
H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 0.8 11 7.22 7.68 14.9 0.94 0.04 210.5 369.3
H-ZSM-5/MCM-41 1.0 9 − − − − − − −
aRelative amount of acidic sites were calculated based on the ammonia desorption area in respect to H-ZSM-5; b Absolute amount of acidic sites were
calculated based on the ammonia peak area
4. Conclusions
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